In the process of social modernization, fairness and efficiency are often in conflict. The development of education is also facing a similar dilemma. However, unlike the socio-economic field, this contradiction in the field of education has its particularity. Research shows that in the education stage, the goals of the two are highly coincident. That is, at different stages of development, the characteristics and emphasis of educational equity are different. In the early stage of development, the most important thing is to popularize education and ensure children's equal right to receive education. After the initial stage of education popularization, the pursuit is fair treatment and higher education quality in the education process, that is, the pursuit of education quality. Therefore, under the premise of equal educational rights, we should also go through a highly screened distributed education system and focus on the rationality of the economy, requiring that every student be treated equally in the process of resource allocation and teaching, so that they can enjoy equal education; At the same time, on the premise of recognizing individual differences and unbalanced development, we should provide different education for each child so that his personality can be fully developed. So as to finally ensure their fair treatment and education quality in the education process.