Montessori education is named after Italian female educator maria montessori (1870 ~ 1952). 1909, Montessori wrote the book "Scientific Education Methods Applied to Children's Home", which was published in the United States in 19 12, and was quickly translated into more than 20 languages and spread all over the world. More than 100 countries have introduced the Montessori method, and the Montessori movement has also appeared in Europe and the United States. From 19 13 to 19 15, Montessori schools have spread all over the world. By the 1940s, there were more than 2,000 in the United States alone. Montessori has caused a revolution in preschool education around the world.
fundamental principle
1, child-centered. Oppose the adult-centered teaching concept and regard children as independent individuals different from adults.
2. Oppose spoon-feeding teaching. It is advocated to start with daily life training, with a good learning environment and rich teaching AIDS, so that children can learn spontaneously and actively and build their own perfect personality.
3. Grasp the sensitive period of children. Follow the characteristics of sensitive learning and get the maximum learning effect.
4. Teachers play the role of facilitators. Teachers must have a deep understanding of children's spiritual world and know their children's development like the back of their hands, so as to provide appropriate and timely help and guidance to children.
5. Cultivation of complete personality. The biggest purpose of preschool education is to help children normalize.
6. Respect the growth rhythm of children. There is no timetable and class time, so that children can concentrate on developing their inner needs.
7. Mixed-age teaching. Children of different ages will imitate and learn from each other, and develop good social behavior of helping others.
8. Rich teaching materials and teaching AIDS. Teaching AIDS are the material for children's work, and children build a perfect personality through "work" and self-repetitive operation exercises.
9. Eliminate the reward and punishment system. Take the way of respecting children and cultivate their budding sense of dignity.
10, teaching achievements broke out. By respecting children's inner needs, let children grow up in a timely and moderate manner. It is not easy to perceive the result in the short term, but it will show the child's inner growth with explosive force at some time.
trait
Montessori believes that children have great potential, and his life development is towards independence. Through specific exercises, such as life basic ability exercise, facial features exercise, intellectual exercise (language, mathematics, science) and other forms, the foundation of a sound personality is formed.
Montessori classroom is the embryonic form of a small society, in which children learn to respect and accept others, learn how to share their knowledge and skills, and learn how to lead others. Montessori classroom provides an environment for cultivating children's emotional IQ.
Montessori curriculum, including the development of feeling, movement, body function, language and morality, makes individuals become integrated people. "Freedom" and "discipline" are integrated, and "individuality" and "group" are given consideration. Inspire children to have the ability to solve difficulties and adapt to the new environment, and achieve the purpose of self-construction and mental development.
Principles of Montessori education:
Children-oriented-in order to create a "children's world" centered on children and enable them to "be themselves" independently.
Provide adequate teaching AIDS-children learn by their senses, and the more good stimuli we provide them, the more they can stimulate their inner potential. Therefore, to design an environment suitable for children's growth, it is necessary to provide rich teaching materials (including nature and humanities) to induce their interest in autonomous learning.
Education without "teaching"-Contrary to the traditional teacher-centered cramming education, it advocates that children should take the initiative to contact and learn and form wisdom through a good learning environment and bright and rich teaching AIDS.
Grasp the sensitive period of learning-children aged 0-6 will have various "sensitive periods" for different things at different growth stages. Montessori's scientific pre-school education law emphasizes mastering children's "sensitive period" and giving them proper learning.
Montessori education has a set of learning tools with unlimited educational value. This learning tool makes use of the sensitivity of children's feelings, and through the teaching AIDS that children can operate, children can explore easily and happily in the operation, and absorb many abstract concepts in the exploration. Respect the characteristics of children's repeated practice. All children with learning tools can operate repeatedly to meet their physical and psychological needs.
Teachers are in the position of assistance and enlightenment-teachers must give up the traditional self-righteous education methods, and give timely help and guidance to children, so that children can become the main body of education and use their brains and wisdom.
Parents are the real key-children's education is not limited to a corner of the school, and the influence of the whole social environment is everywhere.