What is a campus network? Campus network is a computer network that provides resource sharing, information exchange and collaborative work for school teaching, scientific research and management under the guidance of certain educational ideas and theories.
In China, the construction of campus network has developed rapidly in recent years. Up to now, nearly 6,000 schools across the country have built primary and secondary school campus networks. They provide a good example for primary and secondary schools in China to share educational resources, exchange information and work together. However, with the rapid increase of the number of campus networks in various parts of China, there is an increasing demand for how to realize the sharing of educational resources, information exchange and collaborative work between campus networks.
Second, what are campus network groups and information points?
Based on campus network or network computer system, under the guidance of certain educational ideas and theories, it can meet certain regulatory requirements and realize the functions of inter-school information release, resource sharing, information exchange, collaborative work and remote maintenance in a wider range, which is called campus network group.
We call the basic unit that constitutes the campus network group with the above-mentioned specific functions information points. The construction of information point can be based on the construction of a school, a computer, a school, a network classroom and a campus network.
Third, the characteristics of campus network and campus network group
It is not difficult to see from the above concepts that we can understand and grasp the characteristics of campus network and campus network group from the following aspects:
1. Campus network and campus network group are educational private networks.
Campus network and campus network group are computer networks serving schools, not ordinary enterprise networks, not banking networks, nor traffic networks and post and telecommunications networks. So it must conform to the characteristics and laws of school education. Under the guidance of certain educational thoughts and theories, they serve school education and provide a new educational model. The educational ideas and theories guiding the construction of campus network and campus network group include: educational concept, management theory, teaching theory and learning theory. The educational model based on campus network and campus network group is a stable contact and activity process structure composed of basic elements of education (teachers, students, content and media) under the guidance of certain educational theories in order to achieve educational goals. It involves goal model, student model, educational strategy, evaluation model and so on. The application for teaching, scientific research and management is the starting point and destination of building campus network and campus network group. Only from the perspective of computer network technology and pure IT industry, the construction of campus network and campus network group will be led astray.
2. Campus network and campus network group are an information system.
Campus network and campus network group should have a lot of educational information and basic data, such as student information, teacher information, course information, materials, courseware, teaching plans, papers and test questions. With these campus networks and campus network groups, we can play our due functions and roles. In campus network and campus network group, they provide new teaching modes and services for lesson preparation, teaching, self-study, practice, counseling, communication, examination and evaluation through application systems such as network multimedia courseware making system, multimedia courseware on demand system, network multimedia classroom, electronic reading room, distance teaching system, teaching quality evaluation system, video on demand system and broadcasting system. Realize the administrative office management information system (student management, student status management, file management, personnel management, fixed assets management and financial management, etc.) through the network. ), library management system and all-in-one card system provide office automation environment, provide basic data and means for decision-making, and improve the level of administrative office management and decision-making. Through the establishment of the school education information service website, electronic bulletin, e-mail and video conference system, the communication requirements inside and outside the school can be met. It is through these educational information and application systems that campus network and campus network group realize specific functions such as resource sharing, information exchange and collaborative work for school teaching, scientific research and management.
The information system of campus network and campus network group can manage the corresponding information differently according to the actual situation. A unified public information center can be established in the campus network group, such as the campus network group information center in prefecture-level cities, so as to realize the sharing and management of educational public information resources in local cities. According to the actual needs, several sub-information centers can be further established in the campus network group to realize the sharing and management of local educational public information resources and reduce the repeated configuration of equipment and personnel. Of course, according to the actual situation, there is no public information center in the campus network group, and the information resources are stored in the campus network as the basic unit.
By integrating the excellent resources of various schools, the campus network group forms the optimal distribution and allocation of teaching resources, which provides a strong backing for a single campus network, enabling schools to share the excellent educational achievements of other schools through the campus network group and avoid building a huge and comprehensive educational information resource library by themselves. In the campus network group, the campus network group is a "fat" group, and a single campus network can be a "thin" network. The resources needed by the campus network can be a subset of the resources of the campus network group, and the resources you don't have can be obtained from the network group as needed. The information centers of some schools can also be merged to form sub-information centers on the campus network group. In addition, we can use "fat" servers and "thin" terminals to concentrate educational information resources on the servers of the campus network group information center or sub-information center as much as possible, so that the terminal equipment of the network can be "stupid" and household appliances as much as possible, and professional network managers are not needed, which not only saves material resources and manpower, but also makes each campus network have relatively complete functions, forms the optimal allocation of resources and improves the use efficiency. It has changed the need for schools to repeatedly invest in the construction of information centers, buy multiple high-end servers and other network equipment, and invest a lot of manpower and material resources to build huge and comprehensive network information resources, forming their own independent "fat" campus network model. This is an effective way to make the campus network group a convenient, economical and optimized way to realize the "school-to-school communication" project.
3. Campus network and campus network group should have the ability of multimedia information transmission.
For campus network, in order to meet the requirements of classroom demonstration and video on demand, it is necessary to transmit media data such as images, audio and video in its corresponding system in real time. Therefore, its corresponding subnet and backbone network should have sufficient bandwidth and the ability of real-time interaction. For the campus network group, because its coverage is more flexible than the urban education service network, it can be the interconnection of multiple campus networks, covering not only a certain area, but also a city or even provinces. Therefore, in a small area, such as a certain area or a certain city, we should have the ability to transmit multimedia data in real time, while in a large area, it is unnecessary and impossible to transmit multimedia data in real time. Obviously, the former requires that the inter-school internet of the campus network group should have sufficient bandwidth. It should be pointed out that the campus network or campus network group mentioned here should have the ability to transmit multimedia information, not that the whole system of campus network or campus network group should have this ability, but it should be designed as a broadband network.
4. Campus network group is not a simple addition and connection of campus network.
Campus network group is a network group composed of campus network as the basic unit. Geographically, for the convenience of management and operation, the basic units of these campus networks can be located in one city, but in order to expand the scope of communication and strengthen educational cooperation and research between different cities, or schools in remote mountainous areas need to share the educational achievements of schools in developed areas, the basic units of these campus networks can also be located in several different cities. This is conducive to the independent use of campus network to carry out educational activities within the school. At the same time, the school can use the campus network as the basic unit of the campus network group, and can also give full play to the school's expertise in a certain aspect for external resource sharing, information exchange and collaborative work.
However, campus network group is not a simple addition and connection of campus network. Several campus networks that make up the campus network group are an interactive and interdependent whole. These basic units should meet certain specification requirements, such as network protocols, interface standards, data requirements and educational software specifications. Campus network group should have its own technical and theoretical basis, such as the theory of "Education-Digital Neural Architecture (E-DNA for short)". It means that the campus network group should have "intelligent, active and personalized" service ability, that is, it can actively provide users with relevant information resources according to their requirements, and can obtain and sort out information according to their own habits and levels to meet individual needs; Network cluster application software structure theory; Educational information editing, compression/decompression, storage, transmission, access, data operation and security theory; Modern educational information technology theories such as student model, teaching strategy and statistical evaluation. According to these standards and new technical theories, specific functions such as sharing educational resources between schools, information exchange and collaborative work can be realized. Otherwise, these basic units of campus network will become "information islands", and the functions and functions of campus network and campus network group can not be fully exerted.
In order to accurately grasp the concepts and characteristics of campus network and campus network group, we need to pay attention to their differences and connections with other networks. For example, the multimedia classroom network is not a campus network, but it can be a subnet of the campus network; Internet is not a campus network or campus network group, but the construction of campus network and campus network group will apply Internet and Intranet technology, and they should be connected with the Internet and share Internet resources. Large websites are not campus networks or campus networks, but campus networks and campus networks should have their own information centers, which can release information to the outside world; Enterprise network, bank network, post and telecommunications network and transmission network are neither campus networks nor campus networks. Therefore, if we don't consider the characteristics of the school, have no educational ideas and theoretical guidance, don't follow certain regulatory requirements, don't have new technical theoretical support, or just want to buy advanced equipment and despise the construction of application software and information resources, and don't plan and build it as an organic whole, then no matter how much money we spend, it is impossible to build what we call campus networks and campus networks.
Fourth, the basic functions
From the above analysis, it can be seen that campus network and campus group should provide a network environment for inter-school education; Realize basic functions such as resource sharing, information exchange and collaborative work.
1. Provide a network environment for inter-school education.
(1) provides tools and network environment for timely, accurate and reliable collection, processing, storage and transmission of educational information.
(2) Provide basic data, means and network environment for school administration and decision-making, realize office automation, and improve work efficiency, management and decision-making level.
(3) Provide a network platform and environment for lesson preparation, courseware making, teaching, learning, practice, counseling, communication, examination and statistical evaluation.
(4) Using network communication, video-on-demand and video broadcasting technology to provide a new education model that meets the requirements of quality education;
(5) Information retrieval, collection and analysis of scientific research; Exchange and discuss the results; The simulation experiment provides the environment and means.
2. Realize resource sharing
Realizing the sharing of educational resources is one of the basic functions of campus network and campus network group. Campus network and campus network group realize the high sharing of educational resources, which can provide information resource services for school teaching, scientific research and management on the Internet, and provide basic information and scientific means for planning, organization, management and decision-making.
Resource sharing involves resource classification, resource level, resource storage, sharing mechanism, business principles and so on. Resources can be classified according to different standards, such as Chinese, mathematics, foreign languages, physics, chemistry, history and geography. According to media materials, resources can be divided into text, graphics, images, sounds, videos and animations. The level of resources can be divided into national, city, school, individual and other different levels according to geographical location, and can also be divided into different levels of sharing rights according to sharing rights. Establish a safe storage mechanism and sharing mechanism for various resources. A good sharing mechanism is conducive to the collection, arrangement, storage and use of various excellent resources, so that every user on the network is both a sharer and a provider of network resources. This involves the rules and management of exchange, use, reward and punishment, purchase and operation.
3. Realize information exchange
Realizing information exchange or communication is another important function of campus network and campus network group. It is not only a platform for internal exchanges or communication between schools, schools and families, schools and society, schools and the international community, but also a platform for exchanges or communication between students, students and teachers, students and school leaders, and students and society. For example, through the distance teaching system of campus network and campus network group, the information exchange between schools in remote mountainous areas and famous schools in economically developed central cities can be realized. When the headmaster is on a business trip, he can check the school's day online through his laptop, and use information exchange tools such as e-mail, bulletin board and video conference system to direct the daily work of the school. Students can surf the Internet through the computer at home and enter the question-and-answer room to ask questions from the teacher remotely, and the teacher can answer questions in real time. Parents can learn about their children's study and life at school anytime and anywhere through the Internet, and put forward reasonable suggestions to the school.
4. Achieve collaborative work
Another important function of the Internet is that students, students and teachers, teachers and teachers in different places can work together in all aspects of teaching, including the following aspects:
(1) collaborative learning
When students encounter difficulties in the learning process, they need to face the difficulties in learning together and give full play to their respective strengths. They can communicate and cooperate with the campus network to solve it. For research and exploratory problems, it is necessary to collect data widely through campus network and campus network group to analyze and explore the law together.
(2) Cooperation in lesson preparation, teaching and scientific research.
In preparing lessons, teaching and scientific research, teachers need to cooperate with campus network through campus network. For example, making a high-quality multimedia teaching software involves front-line subject teachers providing scripts, education experts providing teaching theory models, computer software engineers making multimedia teaching software, artists designing the packaging of the software, and managers strictly controlling and managing the whole production process. These people in different positions can complete their tasks on the Internet in different places and at different times for a common goal and task, thus speeding up the work process.
(3) Collaborative management
The major decision-making and daily management of the school need a lot of effective information, which is the result of the work of many different departments inside and even outside the school. Through campus network and campus network group, decision makers and managers can make timely and accurate decisions according to the inquired information anytime and anywhere. In addition, relevant departments inside and outside the school, such as the Academic Affairs Office, the Finance Office and the Personnel Office, can work separately according to the overall task requirements, and then conduct a summary study through the campus network or campus network group. These are difficult to do under the traditional management mode.