First, the basic principles of implementing honesty education.
1. In the process of honesty education, we should not only pay attention to the results of children's behavior, but also pay attention to the rationality and legitimacy of children's behavior process. In children's honesty education, educators should adopt a positive and healthy value orientation. In the process of evaluating children's moral behavior, we should not only pay attention to the result of the behavior, but also pay attention to the rationality and legitimacy of the behavior process. For example, in the school sports meeting, teachers should take the lead in practicing the principle of "fair competition", and students should not be allowed or acquiesced in the phenomenon of "sneaking around" or "exceeding" the results of class competitions.
2. In the process of honesty education, different education methods are adopted for children of different ages.
The development of individual morality is a continuous process in stages. Kohlberg, an American psychologist, divides children's moral development into three levels and six stages. The development of children's honesty belongs to the category of moral development and has obvious stage characteristics. Generally speaking, it is up to adults to decide whether preschool children are rewarded or punished. Children in the middle and lower grades of primary schools often treat honesty in a "reciprocal" way, that is, "I will treat you as you treat me, and if you cheat me, I will cheat you". They also think that copying other people's homework is not a shameful thing, because it does not harm others. Therefore, for students of this age, educators should be good at creating an atmosphere of honesty and trustworthiness, and explain the significance of "honesty" to individuals, collectives and society with examples.
3. In the process of honesty education, we should pay attention to the demonstration of adult behavior.
The development of individual honesty should go through a process from imitation to internalization. Most of the initial behaviors of children with "honesty" or "fraud" can be found in their living environment. In the growing environment of individuals, parents and teachers are the earliest imitators of children, and their behavior and honesty affect the occurrence and development of children's honest behavior. Compared with parents, teachers play a greater role in the development of individual integrity. This is because parents are representatives of family members and teachers are symbols of mainstream culture (teachers and students are usually not related by blood). In addition, teachers are often the dual authority of knowledge and morality in the eyes of students (especially those in the lower grades of primary schools). If the teacher's behavior is deceptive, then individual students often think that the whole society is quite fraudulent and unfair, and they will "repay" the society for fraudulent behavior in the future.
Second, the implementation method of honesty education in primary education.
(1) Educators should match their words with deeds, and educate teachers in good faith.
Parents are the children's first teachers and have the obligation to educate their children. As educators, teachers shoulder the dual responsibility of teaching and educating people. Therefore, parents and teachers are educators to cultivate students' moral character. They generally convey social morality to students in two basic ways: one is to teach, explain orally or persuade; The second is to set an example and show your actions. The former is indispensable, and the latter is more important, that is, example is more important than words. Why? Because primary and secondary school students are very imitative, the words and deeds (honesty or dishonesty) of parents or teachers have obvious influence on them. When children are under the bad influence of adults, they often get full performance without adult supervision, so parents and teachers should pay special attention to their words and deeds. And some of our parents, on the one hand, educate their children that gambling is harmful and forbidden, on the other hand, indulge in gambling and fight day and night inside and outside the Great Wall; Some teachers just said in class that corporal punishment and corporal punishment in disguised form are wrong, and after a period of time, students who make mistakes will be punished; This is extremely unfavorable to the cultivation of students' integrity. Therefore, as educators, we must be punctual, law-abiding, consistent with words and deeds, and be a teacher.
(B) through the acquisition of students' moral practical experience to carry out integrity education.
Students' honest behavior must be guided by honesty and morality. In order to make students' honesty and moral understanding a guide to action, one of the main conditions is to experience the correctness of moral requirements through their own practice or group practice. Only when people around them abide by the moral code of conduct and are found to be successful, appreciated by everyone, or frustrated or condemned by public opinion, will they understand and believe that the requirements put forward by their parents and teachers are correct and try to act according to these requirements, and their moral understanding will gain the characteristics of motivation and emotion and be transformed into beliefs. Appreciation education and successful education advocated now can enable students to gain moral practical experience and cultivate the quality of honesty to a certain extent.
(C) conduct honesty education by cultivating students' moral evaluation ability.
Some students' dishonest behavior is due to their lack of moral evaluation ability and blind obedience to some bad behaviors in society, such as lying for a narrow word "righteousness" and fighting. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate and improve students' moral evaluation ability.
In order to promote students' ability of moral judgment (that is, moral evaluation), teachers should often demonstrate moral evaluation, such as using textbook content and typical moral events in daily life to make concise and correct evaluation; We should also be good at using all kinds of teaching and education links, such as proposition composition, theme class meeting, film discussion, fault analysis, small comments, selection of three excellent students and so on to organize students to discuss relevant moral cases, and then improve them through summary.
Carry out honesty education by cultivating students' moral sense and "conscience".
Moral sense and "conscience" are one of the internal driving forces of a person's moral behavior, and also a force of self-monitoring and self-inspection. Moral sense is a conscious emotional experience. For example, when a person hears a tragic piece of music or thinks of heroes such as Yue Fei, Wen Tianxiang and Huang Jiguang, or even an image of Jinsong, it is likely to arouse a kind of admiration for virtuous and unyielding behavior, so he is full of passion and shows a feat of firmness or self-sacrifice. Conscience is a person's introspection or emotional evaluation of his behavior, such as feeling masturbation, shame and guilt. Generally speaking, everyone will feel condemned by his conscience when he breaks his promise for the first time, no matter how heinous a person is, he will find his conscience when he looks back after his death, which shows that morality and conscience exist, but to different degrees.
(5) Conduct honesty education by cultivating students' resistance to temptation and moral will.
Students who violate discipline, cheat in exams, take things by themselves or other dishonest behaviors are mostly due to lack of willpower. Therefore, to cultivate students' moral quality, we must also master moral willpower, especially the ability to resist temptation. Teachers can provide students with examples of moral will exercise. Through some students' favorite literary activities and sports competitions, students can experience the successful struggle of the strong-willed, talk about or discuss the necessity of moral exercise, and stimulate students' intention to exercise consciously. Create some situations for students to overcome moderate difficulties to achieve a certain task, stimulate their inner contradictions and nervous will, and give some help and support (such as encouragement, expectation, trust, method guidance, implied consequences, etc.). ), let them succeed through their own efforts. It can also guide them to sum up the experience and lessons of success or failure from willpower and inspire their confidence and enthusiasm for further exercise.
(six) to carry out honesty education by cultivating students' moral behavior habits.
Many dishonest behaviors among students are caused by bad behavior habits, and good behavior habits are closely related to the formation of good moral quality. Nowadays, most students are only children, and they are little emperors at home. Many of them have been spoiled by their elders since childhood, and they have developed some bad behavior habits such as fear of hardship, fatigue and vanity, which are harmful to the formation of their good moral quality and behavior habits. Therefore, from the aspect of family, parents should always pay attention to the cultivation of students' behavior habits in all aspects. From the school, teachers should strengthen the education of students' daily behavior norms and cultivate good study habits. In addition, to cultivate students' moral behavior habits, teachers should also pay attention to the following points: first, make students understand the social significance of related behaviors and have the intention of voluntary practice; Second, create conditions for concerted action in a prescribed way, including collective supervision, and try not to give criminals the opportunity to repeat bad behavior; Third, let students know the progress of the practice of behavior results and strengthen it in time.
In a word, honesty education is an important content and task of school construction. No matter what methods are adopted to cultivate students' honesty consciousness and faith, form honesty habits and achieve the purpose of honesty education, we must combine strictness with kindness. It is necessary to take sincere and profound "love" as the emotional basis, and at the same time strictly demand it, so as to stimulate teenagers' consciousness of adhering to honest behavior. Honesty education is imperative.