2 Principles of setting up Montessori educational activities.
When setting up Montessori educational activities, we should first start from the needs of children's development. Teachers should discover children's needs through years of observation, especially in different cultures and backgrounds. In view of this demand, Montessori education activities are set up, and with the development of children's needs, activities are gradually increased and adjusted. Secondly, we should consider the general direction of the activity, give the general outline of the specific field, and then give a very detailed demonstration (description). Thirdly, the development of activities depends on children's interests. The teacher just gives a basic activity framework in advance and then modifies it according to children's interests. Finally, the teacher who carries out Montessori education activities should be a dynamic and creative person. He needs to be ready to respond to children's interests at any time and make full use of these interests to help each child actively participate. In addition, teachers need to understand the overall activities, and only in this way can they help children's success.
3 Montessori demonstration principles of educational activities.
(1) The teacher will ask a single child to demonstrate. (2) Teachers should tell children the names of teaching AIDS and activities. (3) Before the demonstration, teachers should check whether they have the necessary knowledge to help children. (4) The use order of teaching AIDS. Teachers should be prepared. Teaching AIDS of different colors can be used for different operations. (5) The language used by the teacher in the demonstration should be differentiated according to the child's development stage and acceptance ability, and it is best to use less language, so that the child will concentrate on the activity as much as possible. (6) The number of a set of teaching AIDS varies according to the children's acceptance. For children with poor reception ability, only a part of a set of teaching AIDS can be used, and for children with strong reception ability, several sets of teaching AIDS can be combined. (7) Teachers must always check the equipment to ensure that it is in good condition, take away those bad teaching AIDS and put them back in the teaching aid cabinet after being repaired.
Second, the application of Montessori educational principles in science education
Taking biology as an example, teachers should first arrange the corresponding biological environment. Make children have a basic L experience in color, taste, material texture and so on in life; Secondly, let children absorb these chaotic experiences (knowledge) in an organized and orderly manner, and then express them. In order to achieve this goal, teachers should give children corresponding vocabulary. That is, a tool for giving children language descriptions. To this end, teachers can use the classification cards in the three-stage teaching method to help children expand their vocabulary: a, show children pictures, such as the first one is a kangaroo and the second one is a hedgehog; Can you show me what this is? C, can I have XXX? Like finding a hedgehog. When doing these three stages, the teacher should try his best to give the child a sense of success, so tell the child what is on the card first. The teacher should first say the name of one of them, and then ask the one without a name. When the children can read, the teacher should put a paragraph of text description, and then use the group with names below as the control group.
1 Setup and demonstration of factory activities. (1) "Wipe the plants". Teachers should clean up plants with big leaves. (2) "Water the plants". Teachers should show children how to check whether plants need watering. First, touch the soil to see if it is wet. Drying needs watering. If a flower doesn't need watering or has been watered, it should be labeled to indicate that it doesn't need watering. (3) "flower arrangement". The teacher needs to prepare some small vases and show the children how to choose vases, how to fill them with water, how to cut off the ends of flower stems and put them into the water quickly. (4) "planting". Children can plant bean sprouts in the classroom and eat them later. They can also grow other foods, or plant some herbs, dry them and put them in small pots. (5) "Experiment of light and water in plants". The teacher should put four pots of plants that look almost the same on the table. The first pot of plants gives light, water and heat, and is labeled with light, water and heat. The second pot of plants emits light and heat, but does not emit water, and is labeled with light and heat; The third pot of plants gives light and water, but not heat, and labels light and water on it; The fourth pot of plants is put in the refrigerator so that it won't burn. Then, teachers and children will observe how four pots of plants are every day. It turns out that the first pot with light, heat and water grows best, and the others all look sick. Usually the children are very sad about the last few pots. So at this time, the teacher should give these pots of light, water and heat to make them get better slowly.
Setting and demonstration of animal activities. Demonstrate several animals. The teacher showed me a picture of a monkey. This is a monkey. I live in the forest, where I can find something to eat and protect me. I have long legs, a hand and a tail. I can use my tail like my other hand. I can easily jump from tree to tree ... ② The teacher showed me a picture of a chicken. This is a chicken. We grew up on a farm. We can be eaten or laid eggs. We grew up in Asia at first. We have three very strong claws. Our male has something like a comb on his head. If you live on a farm, we'll wake you up with a voice in the morning. (3) The teacher shows a picture of a frog. This is a frog. I have four legs. My hind legs are very strong. I have a naked body. I lay eggs in the water. They will grow into tadpoles and swim in the water. My cry is the earliest animal cry in the world. (2) Play the animal game "Who am I?" When introducing about six kinds of animals, teachers can play "Who am I" with children. For example, the frog said, I have four legs, and my two hind legs are very strong …-I lay my eggs in water, and they will grow into tadpoles … Who am I? Another example is the chicken saying: I grew up on a farm, I can be eaten or laid eggs ... who am I? (3) Play the game of matching words with animal pictures. The teacher prepares three cards: a photo of the monkey, a text description about the monkey, and the name (text) of the monkey on the back of the card. There is error control, and the word "monkey" is on all three pictures. The teacher took out a card with only a picture of a monkey and said, This is a monkey. Take out the caption card about monkeys and read it out: I live in the forest, where I can find food and things that can protect me. I have long legs, hands and tail ... put a caption card under the first picture of the monkey. (3) Finally, take out a card with only two words "Monkey" and put it under the caption. (4) Turn the back of the three cards. If there is a monkey, you have done it right.
Third, the application of Montessori educational principles in art education.
The teacher should put the child into the music environment when he is in the best music sensitive period. Montessori created a special environment for children, that is, the work cycle. Children can show some characteristics in this environment, and they will devote themselves to a certain job for a long time. In order to achieve this result, teachers must create an undisturbed environment for three consecutive hours.
1 work cycle table. The curve in the table below is the curve when working continuously for three hours. It shows how devoted children are to their work in activities.
(1) 1 Here, many children will choose simple jobs after entering the classroom. This job won't take long, but it can rebuild their confidence.
(2) On the other hand, children's jobs will be more difficult, and they will spend more and longer time on this job.
(3)3 is the child's fake fatigue time, and the child will put down all the work just now and no longer choose other jobs.
(4) If the teacher allows the child to have 3 hours. Then at this time of 4, children will choose the most difficult job and do it for the longest time. At this time, they are the most attentive and master the skills and knowledge best. Montessori called it "the great work pedotdime".
(5) On the fifth side, children will talk to each other after work. If the time provided by the teacher is less than 3 hours, then the best working time will not appear and the whole working cycle will be incomplete.
Two-tone clock Sound sensitive clock is Montessori's music teaching aid, which is divided into two groups. The first group of clocks is called the operation group, and the 13 tone consists of all the whole tones and semitones within an octave from the center c; The other group is called the control group. The base has two colors: white represents all the tones in an octave starting from the center C, and black represents all the semitones in the octave. It is mainly composed of a wooden hammer and a sound bolt, a sound-sensing clock board, white keys of sound names, and black keys with rising and falling tones.
(1) Demonstrate how to play a sound-sensitive clock. The teacher showed the sound clock. White bells are placed behind the white background color, the white control group is placed in a row, and the wooden operation group is placed on the white background color board. Voice-activated clocks should be placed on the green floor or shelf in general, except for special needs.
(2) Demonstrate the method of ringing the bell. (1) Pay attention to the method of holding the wooden hammer. Take the rod head and hold the rod head with the round hammer facing down; (2) The teacher asked a child to come up and take a wooden clock at will; (3) dragging its bottom with one hand and carefully taking it to a table; (4) Knock with a wooden hammer, and then listen until you can't hear the sound; The teacher used this wooden hammer to teach the children to do it; ⑥ Teaching can be repeated. Focus on beating children's mistakes; 7. The teacher knocks once and the child knocks once. Until the child masters it; The teacher gradually stepped back and observed the children; Pet-name ruby children say that finish. The teacher should watch the children put the alarm clock back carefully; Attending can only take one thing at a time, first put the bell back, and then put the wooden hammer back. (Note: Children can take any wooden bell, and teachers should use body language to show respect for the bell. )
(3) Set the music matching game with the sound clock. (omitted)
3 its active wiring and setting. Teachers should find a flat place and draw specific lines in specific areas. This special line should not be too thick, not more than 2.54 cm, and it would be better to be thinner: the color should be light to make it less conspicuous in the classroom; In addition, this line should be long enough, preferably rectangular, and at the corner, it should be bent and not straight.
Teachers can let children simply walk online; You can let your child walk on tiptoe and put his arms on his sides at will; You can also let children walk with things, such as holding bells and raising their arms forward. In the process of walking, don't let the bell in your hand make a sound. Teachers can also provide music after the children leave. It is best not to have a strong sense of rhythm, otherwise the child will follow the rhythm. Follow the rhythm and the back will be fine. So the music provided at the beginning should be soothing and quiet. Give children a sense of peace.
4 setting of percussion activities. (1) Go: Knock with a wooden stick, and it's over. Can play the lowest or highest note: (2) March: Use two sticks, and the left stick always plays the lowest note. The right hand can change constantly, and it also ends with hitting the lowest or highest note: (3) Running: Use the black clock, just like the black keys of the piano. Their positions should actually be arranged on the green board, but then you can't knock fast, so it will be more convenient to knock separately. When the black clock is rung, two sticks ring at the same time. The stick in the left hand always plays the lowest sound, and the stick in the right hand can change constantly.