I. Philosophy

Philosophy is a subject that studies basic and universal problems. Generally speaking, it has a world outlook with a strict logical system, and studies some basic issues such as the nature of the universe and the position of people in the universe.

According to its Greek etymology, philosophy means "pursuing wisdom". In Chinese, "zhe" has a long history. For example, the words "Confucius' Ten Philosophers" and "Ancient sages and sages" refer to people who are good at thinking and knowledgeable, that is, western countries are similar to "philosophers" and "thinkers".

It is generally believed that China's philosophy originated in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, represented by Confucius' Confucianism, Laozi's Taoism, Mozi's Mohist School and later Legalists. In fact, in the previous Book of Changes, philosophical issues have been discussed.

Second, the importance of philosophy.

Philosophy is a special knowledge, which is linked with people's world outlook. The so-called world outlook is people's fundamental view of the world they live in and the relationship between people and the world. There are three kinds of relationships between man and the world, namely, the relationship between man and nature, the relationship between man and society and the relationship between man and himself.

People have accumulated a lot of concrete experience in dealing with their own relationship with the world, and gradually formed concrete scientific knowledge in the activities of understanding and transforming the world.

These knowledge can be roughly summarized into three categories: one is the knowledge of understanding and transforming nature, that is, natural science knowledge, such as physics, chemistry, biology and so on. ; One is the knowledge of understanding and transforming society, that is, social science knowledge, such as economics, politics, ethics and so on. The other is the knowledge about people's own thinking, that is, the scientific knowledge of thinking, such as psychology and logic.

Thirdly, the importance of philosophy in educational science.

There are undergraduate courses in philosophy of science every semester. Most students take courses to meet the requirements of general education, and most students have never taken philosophy courses before.

At the beginning of the semester, the professor tried to impress every student with the philosophy of science. First of all, it shows that philosophy solves problems that cannot be solved by facts alone, while philosophy of science applies this method to the scientific field.

The evidence and methods in scientific investigation are all carried out by induction, that is, using past observations to make general claims about things that have not been observed, but philosophers think that induction is insufficient, so it is problematic for science.

It is very important for any scientific research to decide which evidence is suitable for which hypothesis, and why to deal with this problem correctly.