Tang Yongtong's most famous achievement in Buddhism in China is the publication of The History of Buddhism in Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. He said in the postscript: "For more than ten years, he has taught scholars the history of Buddhism in China, and his lectures have accumulated over time and merged into a roll of iron." But every time he gives a lecture, he has to revise the original handout. I started writing in the early 1920s and finished the first draft in the late 1920s. In the 1930s, it was completely revised and supplemented, which took nearly four years to complete. The reason, as he told Mr. Qian Mu, is always dissatisfied. It was not until the Lugouqiao Incident that one of the manuscripts was considered for publication for fear of losing it. So this book was published by the Commercial Press 1938. This book opened a new era in the study of Buddhist history in China, and was widely praised by academic circles. When reviewing the first volume of the manuscript, Hu Shi praised the book for its Excellence. "Tian Yu is well trained, with excellent tools and meticulous methods, so this book is the most authoritative work." He Lin commented on China's modern philosophy in this way: "Tang Yongtong got the method that westerners ruled the history of philosophy, and then took part in the textual research method of Gan Jia Zhu Lao. Therefore, he adopted the method of Zeiler (ze 1 1er) to treat the history of Greek philosophy. The book "History of Buddhism in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties" is rich in materials, rigorous in methods, with new discoveries in textual research and new explanations of righteousness, which is superior to others. " During the Anti-Japanese War, this book, together with Chen's Political History of the Tang Dynasty, won the first prize of philosophy in the academic research award of the former Ministry of Education.
Tang Yongtong is familiar with Sanskrit, Pali and other foreign languages, as well as China philosophy, Indian philosophy and western philosophy. He devoted his life to the study of Buddhist history in China, metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties and Indian philosophy. The History of Buddhism in Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Draft of Buddhist History in Sui and Tang Dynasties systematically expounded the historical development process and characteristics of Buddhism from India to Tang Dynasty, and the relationship between Buddhist thought and China's traditional thought. The rise and fall of various schools and sects of Buddhism in China and their reasons were investigated in detail. He made a careful textual research and explanation on the time when Buddhism was introduced into Han areas, major historical events of Buddhism, the translation of Buddhist scriptures, important works, the life of famous monks, the relationship between sects and schools, and the relationship between Buddhism and China politics. Because of his systematic study of Buddhism, he has a profound and comprehensive understanding of the development process of Indian philosophy. In A Brief History of Indian Philosophy, he collected many important historical materials preserved by China, and made textual research and evaluation. His academic achievements have won unanimous praise from relevant scholars at home and abroad.
Indian philosophy
After returning to China, Tang Yongtong has been teaching Indian philosophy in various universities, which was compiled into a handout on 1929. 1945 was revised and named A Brief History of Indian Philosophy, which was published by Chongqing Independent Publishing House. This is a very important book to study the history of Indian philosophy by modern scientific methods, and its content just provides him with necessary and rich knowledge of Indian history for studying the history of Buddhism in China. In addition, there are two manuscripts: historical data of Indian philosophy in Chinese Buddhist scriptures and selected historical data of Chinese Indian Buddhism. The first book will be published by the Commercial Press soon. Ancient Indian philosophy is quite rich, but most of the materials have been lost. China, a descendant of Buddhism after the first century A.D., has been translating Buddhist scriptures continuously since then, which is rare in quantity and time. In particular, most of the Buddhist scriptures translated by China have been preserved. Most of these historical materials are unknown to European and American scholars, but they make Tang Yongtong's study of Indian philosophy quite distinctive.
Wei and Jin metaphysics
Tang Yongtong believed that the spread of foreign Buddhism in China first relied on Taoism, which was popular in the Han Dynasty, but for Buddhism and Taoism; Near and attached to metaphysics in Wei and Jin dynasties, it is "Buddhist metaphysics"; By the end of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Buddhist classics were prevalent, and by the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Chinese Buddhism appeared. Due to the historical connection between Buddhism and metaphysics, during his stay in The National SouthWest Associated University, he once put more energy on metaphysics, thinking of "writing a book" Metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties "with the method of writing the history of western philosophy by Vendel class. At that time, life was extremely unstable, and it was naturally difficult to complete, but many original papers were published, which outlined a more credible outline of the evolution of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties and made in-depth analysis of many metaphysical problems. Due to the long-term dispute between Buddhism and Taoism, when Tang Yongtong studied the history of Buddhism, he also noticed the related problems in the history of Taoism. During his stay at National Southwest United University, he instructed Wang Ming to study Taoism. Wang Ming's (Taiping Jing) Joint School later became a must-read material for studying Taoism. monograph
1, Buddhist history of Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Commercial Press,1938; Zhonghua Book Company, 1955, 1963, 1983,1988; Taipei Miqin Publishing House, 1982.
2. Metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, People's Publishing House,1957; Zhonghua Book Company, 1962,1983; Taipei Yumin Publishing House, 1980, includes metaphysics, culture and Buddhism.
3. A Brief History of Indian Philosophy, Chongqing Independent Publishing House,1945; Zhonghua Book Company, 1960, 1988.
4. Draft of Buddhist History in Sui and Tang Dynasties, Zhonghua Book Company, 1982.
selected works
1, Miscellaneous Articles of the Past, Zhonghua Book Company, 1962.
2. Tang Yongtong's academic essays, Zhonghua Book Company, 1983.
3. Neo-Confucianism, Buddhism and Metaphysics, Peking University Publishing House, 199 1 year.
authorized strength
1, Collation of Biography of Monks, Zhonghua Book Company, 1992.
2. Historical materials of Indian philosophy in China Buddhist scriptures, Commercial Press, 1994.
Papers (listed by year in this column)
19 14 years
Oracle of Neo-Confucianism, Tsinghua Weekly, No.65438 +03-29.
Lonely crying, Tsinghua Weekly, No.3 13, No.5 16.
The Role of Theory, Tsinghua Weekly,No. 15.
New Immortality, Tsinghua Weekly, No.20.
Plant Psychology, Tsinghua Weekly, 27-29.
19 15
Happiness and Pain, Tsinghua Weekly No.30, No.31.
19 16 years
Talking about Help, Tsinghua Weekly, No.65, 66, 68 and 70.
There are four short comments on Talking about Food and Clothing in the 75th issue of Tsinghua Weekly.
1922
Comment on the Study of Neighborhood Culture, Xue Hengdi 12.
1923
Schopenhauer's Genius, Shirley Magazine, No.3..
The Way Out of Buddhism, Neixue (annual publication of Zhina Neiyuan) series 1.
1924
Interpretation of Buddhism with Nine Hearts, Xue Heng, No.26. ..
The Origin of Indian Philosophy, Xue Heng No.30. ..
1925
The Way Out of the Sakyamuni Era, Xue Heng, No.39. ..
1928
Translation and interpretation of Nanchuan Nian An Jing, internal research, series 4.
Talking about Zen History with Hu Shi, the third episode of Shi Wencun by Hu.
1930
Reading Notes of Hui Jiao's Biography of a Monk, Journal of History, Vol.2, No.4.
193 1 year
Postscript of Mo Bao, a Buddhist of Tang Xianshou, Journal of History, Volume II, No.5. ..
Dutch sucker Qinghui: Third-order Religious Studies, Journal of History, Vol.2, No.5. ..
A brief history of three theories on shooting mountains, Journal of History, Volume 2, No.6.
Emperor Taizong and Buddhism, Xue Heng, p. 75. ..
1932
Zhu Daosheng and Nirvana, Sinology Quarterly, Volume 3,No. 1.
1933
Introduction to Prajnaparamita in Historical Times, Essays on Philosophy.
1934
Comment on Ta Kung Pao of the Pure Land Sect in the Middle Tang Dynasty March 17.
Comment on Wang Weicheng's textual research on Lao Zi's nonsense, Sinology Quarterly, Volume 4, No.2. ..
1935
What can you see from reading Taiping Jing? Sinology Quarterly, Vol.5, No.65438 +0.
Interpretation of Fa Yao, Sinology Quarterly, Volume 5, No.4. ..
1936
Will's SS ǔ-Shin-ˇ erh-Chang-ching (Transla-tion Edition), Harvard Journal of Asian Studies, Volume 1, Issue 1.
Two systems of Buddhism in Han and Wei Dynasties (abstract of annual philosophical report), Philosophical Review, Volume 7,No. 1 issue.
About Zhao Lun (abstract of philosophy annual report), Philosophy Review, Volume 7, No.2..
1937
Chapter zero of Buddhist history in China, Yanjing Journal, No.22. ..
Dalin Book Review: A Review of Textual Research Methods, Postscript of Mo Bao, the Buddhist Master of Tang Xianshou, Postscript of the Research on the Third Order of Dutch sucker Qinghui, and the Third Issue of Tiny Voices. ..
Dalin Book Review: Comment on Japanese translation: "Outline of Hinayana Buddhism", Jing Wei Yin No.8.
1939
Reading stories, Kunming Yishibao 1 19 to 12 1.
1940 "Reading Liu Shao's People's Tales", Book Quarterly, Volume 2, Issue 1.
Two studies of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties: a brief discussion on the differences of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Xiang Guozhi, Zhuang Zhou and Confucius, and the 40th anniversary collection of the National Peking University.
1942
Interpretation of Yan Yi by Wang Bida, Journal of Tsinghua 13, No.2.
1943
The Conflict and Reconciliation of Cultural Thoughts, Academic Quarterly, Volume/kloc-0, No.2. ..
Wang Bi is a loving saint, academic quarterly, vol. 1, No.3.
New meanings of Wang Bi's Zhouyi and Analects of Confucius, new four-volume book quarterly, 1 and 2.
Guo Xiang Yizhi's Zhuang Zhou and Confucius, Philosophical Review, Vol.8, No.4. ..
1944
Characteristics of Buddhism in Sui and Tang Dynasties, Book Monthly, Volume 3, No.3 and No.4. ..
1946
Xie Lingyun's Book, Tianjin Ta Kung Pao No.2, Literature and History Weekly, 65438+10.23.
1947
Wang Pi's New Interpretation of The Book of Changes and On Quotations (translated and annotated by Libenthal), Harvard Journal of Asian Studies, Vol.2, No.0/kloc-0.
196 1 year
Four records of restoration, Li Hong, demon thief, the new master in the cloud, what is "vulgarity", Buddha and Bodhisattva, new creation, June issue.
Acupuncture ancient Indian medical books, new construction, July issue.
On the sound and meaning of Buddhist scriptures, Guangming Daily, June 65438+1October 65438+September 09.
1962
On Ten Cases of Buddhism in China, Philosophical Studies, No.3. ..
About Hui Shen, Wen Wei Po, 10, 14.
From all Taoist scriptures to Wu Zetian, Guangming Daily 165438+ 10/2/0/.
1963
A Book of Praise to Juzan (Discussion on Some Issues of Buddhism in the Eastern Han Dynasty), No.2 of Modern Buddhism.
Supplement to Buddhism Sects in China, Peking University Journal of Humanities, No.5.
1964
Reading notes of Taoist scriptures, historical research no.3
1980
Metaphysics and Literary Theory in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Study on the History of China's Philosophy,No. 1.
Learning without knowledge (II) —— Dao An and Zhang Zhan, Philosophical Studies, No.7..
1 Document Selected Biographical Notes of a Monk.
Draft of Buddhist History in Sui and Tang Dynasties (I), China's Philosophy, Series 3.
Historical Draft of Buddhism in Sui and Tang Dynasties (Continued 1), China Philosophy Series 4.
198 1 year
A brief account of Buddhism in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the fifth series of China's Philosophy.
Historical Draft of Buddhism in Sui and Tang Dynasties (III), China's Philosophy, Series 6.
1982
Draft of Buddhist History in Sui and Tang Dynasties (IV), China's Philosophy, Series 7.
translate
Outline of Aristotle's Philosophy (translated by Edwin W. Adda: an outlier in Aristotle's philosophy), Xue Hengdi 17, 19, 1923.
Religion in Greece (translated by W.R. Inge: Greek Heritage [1] Reli-religion), Xue Heng No.24, 1923.