Lewis structural formula of American chemist Lewis? Gettysburg was put forward in 19 16. This structural formula uses symbols such as element symbols, single dashed lines, double dashed lines and brackets to indicate the distribution and bonding of electrons.
In the Lewis structural formula, element symbols represent atoms, single dashed lines represent covalent bonds, double dashed lines represent ionic bonds, and brackets are used to represent the charge of ions. In addition, the number of electrons on each atom is also expressed to better understand the electron distribution of molecules.
Taking the Lewis structure of water molecules as an example, the oxygen atom is connected with two hydrogen atoms through two single dotted lines, which means that two covalent bonds are formed between the oxygen atom and the two hydrogen atoms. At the same time, there is an unbound electron pair above the oxygen atom, which represents the lone electron pair of the water molecule. The electronic distribution of the whole water molecule is clearly expressed, which is convenient for people to understand the structure and properties of water molecules.
In addition to the Lewis structural formula of water molecules, other common Lewis structural formulas also include the structural formulas of carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane and other molecules. These structural formulas can help people better understand the electronic distribution and chemical properties of these molecules.
Application of Lewis structural formula;
1. Chemistry education: Lewis structural formula is one of the important contents of chemistry education. It can help students understand the structure and properties of molecules, as well as the formation and fracture of chemical bonds. Using Lewis structural formula, students can better understand the process and mechanism of chemical reaction, so as to better master chemical knowledge.
2. Drug design: Lewis structural formula is also used in drug design. Drug designers can use Lewis structural formula to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules, which is helpful to predict the biological activity of drugs. By comparing the Lewis structures of drugs and biological targets, drug designers can understand the interaction mechanism between drugs and biological targets, thus developing more effective drugs.
3. Material science: Lewis structural formula is also applied in material science. It can help materials scientists to express and predict the electronic structure and properties of materials. Using Lewis structural formula, materials scientists can understand the energy band structure, optical properties and electrical properties of materials, so as to develop materials with higher performance.
4. Environmental science field: Lewis structural formula can be used to describe the structure and properties of pollutants, which plays an important role in environmental analysis and treatment.