Area—

83,600 square kilometers

Population—

4.042 million (2003), foreigners accounted for 4/5, mainly from India, Pakistan and other countries. Arabic is the official language and English is widely used. Most residents believe in Islam, mostly Sunnis; Shiites are in the majority in Dubai.

Capital-

The population of Abu Dhabi is about 654.38 million+540,000 (2003).

Head of state-

President Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan was elected in 2004.

Introduction-

Located in the eastern Arabian Peninsula, bordering the Persian Gulf to the north, the coastline is 734 kilometers long. It borders Qatar in the northwest, Saudi Arabia in the west and south, and Oman in the east and northeast. It has a tropical desert climate. It is hot and humid in summer (May-65438+1October), the temperature is 40-50℃, and it is 7-20℃ in winter (165438+1October-April of the following year), with occasional sandstorms. The average precipitation is about 100 mm, mostly concentrated in1-February.

It belonged to the Arab Empire in the 7th century. /kloc-Since the 6th century, colonialists such as Portugal, the Netherlands and France have invaded one after another. 1820 After Britain invaded the Persian Gulf, it forced seven local Emirates to sign a "permanent armistice treaty" with it, and gradually became a British protectorate. 1 971March1day, Britain announced that the treaty signed with the emirate of the Persian Gulf would be terminated at the end of the year. On February 2, 65438, the United Arab Emirates was proclaimed. A federal state consists of seven Emirates: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras Al Khaimah, Fujairah, Umm Qaiwan and Ajman.

History-

Early humans may have arrived in the United Arab Emirates tens of thousands of years ago. Some of the earliest human settlements were found on the offshore islands of Melava and Gaha, and exquisite granite arrowheads made about 7,000 years ago were also excavated. Traces of small fishing communities have also been found in the Arabian Gulf coast of hagemann, Sharjah and Umm Qaiwan, as well as in Jazirat Chamra and Dalma Islands in Ras Al Khaimah. A piece of ceramic fragment from Ubaide culture in Mesopotamia shows that these people have trade with Beibu Gulf, which is a proof of the country's early tradition of continuous maritime trade. The oldest large-scale archaeological remains can be traced back to 2800 BC to 3200 BC, about 5000 years ago. The exquisite architectural style of stone tombs in this period can only be realized in an orderly and stable society. At this time, people also traded with Mesopotamia and Baluchistan. The evidence is that the excavated copper tools and nearby mines show that people were engaged in mining and copper smelting at that time, and the inscription from Sumerian Empire mentioned importing copper from Magang. Magan is considered to include the present United Arab Emirates and Hajar Mountains. Jebel Hafit people also grow various crops, such as wheat, barley, melon, sorghum, rice and dates-which proves that their soil is fertile and their climate is suitable. A port was found on an island near Abu Dhabi, west of Ain 160 km off the coast of Umm Qaiwan. This used to be a trading center. Which raised mound may be the fortress of Magan rulers, which proves that they occupied some archaeological sites in this area for more than 3000 years from 2200 BC to 500 BC. They show that the UAE people have enjoyed a relatively advanced lifestyle since ancient times, trading with other civilizations hundreds of miles away along deserts and navigation lines. It may not be a coincidence that the camel, a ship that domesticates the desert, was discovered in Umnar in the earliest times. An almost intact iron age village was found in Hilli near Ain. From about 300 BC, tribes lived in Mileha, and nearby Zaid was greatly influenced by the ancient Greeks. Pottery and porcelain were also unearthed in Rhodes. Ancient temples around 100 BC were also found near Umar-Gaiwan, as well as many real evidences of international trade-ceramics from India and Mesopotamia, glass products and coins from the Roman Empire.

Politics-

The Federal Supreme Council, composed of seven chiefs, is the highest authority. Major policy issues at home and abroad are discussed and decided by the Committee, which formulates national policies, examines the federal budget and approves laws and treaties. The President and Vice President are elected from the members of the Supreme Council for a term of five years. The president is also the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Apart from the relative unification of foreign affairs and national defense, all Emirates have considerable independence and autonomy. Federal funds are basically borne by Abu Dhabi and Dubai.

In 200 1 year, the political situation in Albania remained stable, and the economy rebounded again due to the rebound of oil prices and other factors. Actively carry out foreign exchanges and pay attention to playing a unique role in regional and international affairs.

In 2002, the political situation in Afghanistan remained stable. Actively engage in foreign exchanges, focus on strengthening relations with Gulf countries and other Arab countries, and play a unique role in regional and international affairs.

Constitution—

197 1 08 July 18, the federal supreme Council adopted the interim constitution, and on February 3 of the same year, the interim constitution was declared effective. 1996 16 In February, the Federal Supreme Council passed a resolution to turn the interim constitution, which lasted for 25 years, into a permanent constitution, determined Abu Dhabi as the permanent capital of the United Arab Emirates, allowed the work of the Constitutional Review Committee to be extended for 1 year, and proposed supplementary amendments to the permanent constitution.

Administrative divisions—

It consists of seven Emirates: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras Al-Khaimah, Ajman, Fujairah and Umm al-Qaiwan.

Parliament-

The Federal National Assembly, also known as the National Consultative Conference, was established in 1972 as an advisory body with a term of two years. The functions and powers of Parliament are to consider the draft laws proposed by the federal government, and have the right to propose amendments or vetoes, and to consult the treaties and agreements concluded by the federal government. Parliament consists of 40 members nominated by the UAE and appointed by the President. The Speaker and Deputy Speaker are elected by the Parliament.

Economy-

Mainly concentrated in petroleum production and petrochemical industry, while paying attention to the development of diversified economies. While developing the petrochemical industry, the government takes developing diversification, expanding trade and increasing the proportion of non-oil income in GDP as its primary task, attaches importance to the utilization of natural gas resources, develops industries such as cement, aluminum smelting, plastic products, building materials, clothing and food processing, and attaches importance to the development of agriculture, animal husbandry and fisheries. The government makes full use of all kinds of financial resources to focus on the development of culture, education and health, and complete and expand the projects under construction. The main economic data for 2002 are as follows:

Gross domestic product: $70 billion

Per capita GDP: about $20,000

GDP growth rate: 3.4%

Inflation rate: 2.8%

Currency name: dirham. 1 Durham = 100 Phil

Exchange rate: 1 USD = 3.67 Durkheim

(Source: Official Statistics of UAE)

Resources—

Oil and natural gas resources are very rich. The proven oil reserves are 6543.8+0.33 billion tons, accounting for 654.38+00% of the world's total oil reserves, ranking third in the world. Natural gas reserves are 6.2 trillion cubic meters, ranking fourth in the world.

Industry-

Mainly in the petrochemical industry. In 200 1 year, the income of oil industry was1700 million USD, accounting for 28% of GDP. Manufacturing accounts for 13.8%. Before 2002 1 1 month, the average daily output of crude oil was 1.99 million barrels. In addition, there are natural gas liquefaction, aluminum smelting, plastic products, building materials, clothing and food processing industries. In recent years, the total investment of industrial projects in UAE is nearly 654.38+0 billion US dollars. Among the employees in industrial projects, UAE only accounts for 65,438+0%. Therefore, the government began to implement the "nationalization of employment" plan to increase the proportion of domestic employment.

Agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry and fisheries—

Agriculture is underdeveloped. 200 1, the output value of agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry in UAE accounts for 3% of GDP. China has 320,000 hectares of arable land and 270,000 hectares of arable land. The main agricultural products are dates, corn, vegetables and lemons. Food depends on imports. At present, there are 4,589 fishing boats and fishermen12,856 in the UAE. Fishery products and date palms can meet domestic demand. The scale of animal husbandry is very small, and the main meat products depend on imports. In recent years, the government has adopted a policy of encouraging agriculture, providing farmers with seeds, fertilizers and interest-free loans free of charge, underwriting all agricultural products and ensuring farmers' income, and Afghanistan's agriculture has developed rapidly.

Traffic-

There is no railway in the territory, and the Emirates are connected by modern expressways, with convenient transportation and communication.

Highway: The total length is about 3 1, 7 1km, and there are about 345,000 cars.

Water transportation: port 15, with 308 wharves (with a total length of 45 kilometers), with an annual throughput of 37 million tons. Port Rashid in Dubai is the second largest deepwater port in the Middle East.

Air transportation: There are 6 international airports including Abu Dhabi and Dubai, and 10 helicopter airport. In 200 1 year, Dubai International Airport ranked 26th in the global airline competition ranking, and its cargo throughput reached 60,524 tons, ranking first in the Arab world. Albania has signed bilateral aviation agreements with 35 countries, including China, and 60 airlines from all over the world have regular flights to Albanian airports.

Communication: Afghanistan has 654.38+200,000 telephones, 654.38+428,000 mobile phones and 250,000 Internet users. The satellite communication network is connected with more than 50 countries.

degree

People's lives-

In 2002, the per capita income was $654.38+$600,000, ranking first in the world. Implement free medical care. The Ministry of Health has 30 hospitals, 1 15 health centers, 4,473 beds and 2,350 doctors.

Cultural education—

The state attaches great importance to the development of education and the cultivation of its own scientific and technical talents, and implements a free education system. The country is committed to literacy, and has built 147 literacy centers. There are 6 10 public schools and 400 private schools, with 407,600 students and more than 24,000 teachers. In 20001-02, there were 2994 Afghan college students/KLOC-0, including 3972 from UAE University, 635 from Zayed University and 650 1 person from Higher Technical College.

Press and publication-

The main newspapers and periodicals are: United Daily News: Arabic, Abu Dhabi semi-official daily, with a circulation of 55,000; Shen Bao: Arabic, Dubai semi-official daily, 50,000 copies; Gulf newspaper: Arabic, privately published in Sharjah, 58,000 copies; Gulf Times: English, privately published in Dubai, 50,000 copies. In addition, there are Gulf News, Flower of the Gulf, Youth and Sports Magazine and so on.

UAE News Agency is a national news agency directly under the Ministry of Information and Culture. 1977 was established in June. There are resident journalists in major cities in China, as well as London, Paris, Washington, new york, Moscow, Tokyo, Cairo, Tunisia and Beirut. Published in Arabic and English.

There are four radio stations in the UAE, namely Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Umm al-Qaiwan and Ras Al-Khaimah, and three television stations in Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah. Radio Abu Dhabi broadcasts 37 hours a day in Arabic, English, French and Urdu. Television news programs are broadcast in Arabic and English, with a daily broadcast time of 13 hours. In addition, there is a satellite ground receiving station.