1. Characteristics of the problem:

Multiple choice questions are a kind of questions to examine students' memory, understanding and discrimination ability. They mainly examine the basic knowledge with low level of memory and understanding, and focus on the ability to identify knowledge. Multiple choice questions consist of stems and limbs. A stem is usually an incomplete statement, a sentence that lacks some elements. Generally speaking, multiple-choice questions can be converted into short-answer questions. The main feature of multiple-choice questions is that the answer is the only best, so it is also an easy question, and it is also a question with high accuracy and high score for students to choose.

2. Ideas and methods for solving problems The following problem-solving steps can be adopted for multiple-choice questions: review-recall-selection-inspection.

(1) Examination-Through careful reading and examination of the question types, find out the key words of the question types, turn multiple-choice questions into short-answer questions, and adopt direct answering methods, that is, "ask why" and "answer what". Note that if the problem is long, you must review your limbs first.

(2) Recall-recall and confirm the correct answer according to the requirements of keywords.

(3) Selection-Choose the correct answer according to the knowledge confirmed by memory and the selected limb.

(4) Inspection-According to the requirements of the topic, analyze and compare the alternative topics one by one, and check whether the previous selection is correct by exclusion method.

To do a good job in multiple-choice questions, the most important thing is to carefully examine the questions, including questions, questions and questions. In the review, we should master the basic knowledge, basic principles and some confusing knowledge accurately, solidly and in place.

Thoughts on solving short answer questions

1. Short answer is a question that gives a brief answer to the requirements of the topic. In closed-book exams, short answers are objective questions. Its function is to examine students' ability to remember and reproduce concepts, principles and other knowledge, and students' scoring rate has always been relatively high. In the open-book exam, short answers are subjective questions. Its function is to examine students' understanding and application ability on the basis of memorizing and reproducing concepts, principles and other knowledge points. Due to the improvement of requirements, students' scoring rate has dropped significantly.

Short-answer questions are generally clear-minded, requiring concise answers without procrastination.

2. Types of short answer questions

(1) Direct question and answer: that is, the question is short, straightforward and clear-cut. For example, would you please summarize the common characteristics of slave society, feudal society and capitalist society?

(2) Explanatory formula: the topic requires examples, and examples are used to illustrate knowledge points such as concepts and principles. For example, it shows that law enforcement agencies are equal to all citizens in law.

(3) material analysis: that is, through the thinking analysis of materials, summarize the topic. Materials include text materials, chart materials, etc.

(4) Discriminatory type: the essence is the abbreviated version of the analysis question. For example, Lenin pointed out: "The more technology develops, the more labor supply exceeds demand. The more capitalists can improve the degree of exploitation of workers. " How do you understand Lenin's point of view? (It should be noted that the case analysis of Grade Two in junior high school generally belongs to the type of analytical questions, but it is not the analysis of opinions, but the analysis of behaviors. )

(5) Other forms: filling in forms, filling in blanks, drawing, connecting lines, etc.

(6) Combination: the combination of other questions and short answers.

3. Answer the requirements and steps:

(1) Answer steps:

First, examine the questions and determine the scope of conception;

Second, size up the situation, extract effective information, and clarify ideas;

Third, arrange the answers as required.

(2) Organize to answer the requirements:

First, clear organization;

Second, the expression is accurate;

Third, the content is complete.

4. The topic material types and key points:

(1) Case Analysis (Lesson 2, Lesson 9)

Key points: first, it is xx behavior, which belongs to xx behavior and is harmful to xx. If you violate xx laws and regulations, you shall bear xx legal responsibilities;

Second, our country's law stipulates xx, which shows that citizens' xx rights are protected by law, and any illegal act that infringes citizens' xx rights must bear corresponding legal responsibilities and be punished by law. Xx needs legal protection and guarantee;

Third, what have you learned from this incident or case?

Correct legal consciousness should be established.

A. In China, citizens' xx rights are protected by law and enforced by the state.

B when their legitimate rights and interests are illegally infringed, they should consciously use legal weapons to safeguard them.

C. At the same time, we should also exercise self-discipline according to law, correctly exercise our rights and respect the xx rights of others.

D. Consciously fulfill the obligations of xx, and be brave and good at fighting against illegal acts that infringe on the rights and interests of xx.

(2) Case Analysis (Lesson 11)

Main points: First, education is not only the basic right of citizens, but also the basic obligation of citizens.

2. A. Citizens' right to education is endowed by the Constitution and laws of our country, and no one may illegally infringe upon it; B. Compulsory education is a national education that school-age children and adolescents must accept according to law and is guaranteed by the state, society, schools and families; C. Compulsory education is stipulated by the state and guaranteed by the state. Any violation of the compulsory education law must bear corresponding legal responsibilities; D the state, society, schools and families should ensure that school-age children and adolescents receive compulsory education according to law; E. the state takes various measures to ensure the realization of citizens' right to education, and so on.

Third, (negative) xx failed to fulfill its legal responsibilities and infringed on xx's rights, so it should bear corresponding legal responsibilities;

(Positive) xx correctly fulfilled the responsibilities of xx stipulated by law, and gave a strong guarantee to the compulsory education rights of school-age children and adolescents.

Fourth, teenagers should establish a correct concept of rights and obligations, cherish the opportunity to receive education, learn to use legal weapons to safeguard their right to education, fight against illegal acts that infringe on their right to education according to law, and consciously fulfill their obligation to receive education.

(3) How should teenagers cherish the right to education and fulfill their obligation to receive education?

First of all, education is not only the basic right of citizens, but also the basic obligation of citizens; Compulsory education is a national education that school-age children and adolescents must accept according to law and is guaranteed by the state, society, schools and families. Compulsory education is enforced by the state, and its implementation is guaranteed by the state's compulsory force. From the perspective of legal responsibility, we should consciously accept the obligation of education.

Second, students receiving compulsory education should especially go to school on time; Accept compulsory education for a specified number of years; Abide by school discipline, respect teachers, and strive to complete the prescribed learning tasks and other basic obligations.

Third, in contemporary times, only by receiving education and mastering knowledge can we enrich and improve ourselves, get good employment opportunities and enjoy modern civilization, and make more contributions to the country's economic development and social progress.

Fourth, to receive education, rights and obligations are integrated and inseparable. We can't just enjoy rights without fulfilling our obligations. At the same time, as an obligation, education must be fulfilled.

Fifth, today's learning opportunities are hard-won, and it is not easy for parents to work hard for their children to go to school. Contemporary teenagers must cherish the right to education, turn their love for the motherland, loyalty to the people and pursuit of ideals into great motivation for learning, develop in an all-round way, serve the motherland and revitalize China.

(4) Description of results:

Key points: 1. Achievements: Great achievements in the past 50 years; Achievements since the reform and opening up; Achievements of a specific work, such as economy, politics, education, planning, environmental protection, etc.

Second, the reasons for the achievements: the essence of socialism, China's leading position, unswervingly adhering to the Party's basic line, taking the road of strengthening the country through reform and opening up, and implementing development strategies and basic national policies.

Third: Future plan: Continue to adhere to the above contents.

(5) This example illustrates the method:

Key points: learn from xx, first, set up lofty ideals; Second, bear in mind the historical mission and assume social responsibility; Third, strengthen ideological and moral cultivation and improve scientific and cultural quality; Fourth, inherit and carry forward the entrepreneurial spirit of hard struggle; Fifth, dare to innovate and be good at innovation; Sixth, be the builder and successor of the socialist cause with ideals, morality, education and discipline.

(6) Historical mission:

Key points: 1. What is the historical mission?

Second: how to undertake the historical mission?

(7) Social hotspots:

Key points: It is mainly to master the corresponding knowledge points.

Analysis of the types of analytical problems

Analysis is a new question in the senior high school entrance examination in recent years. In the early years, there were problems of analysis and judgment, so it can be said that the emergence of analysis is the improvement of ability requirements. Analysis questions are developed on the basis of distinguishing questions and judging and explaining questions, but they are higher than the former in solving ideas and ability requirements. Judgment questions generally only judge the right or wrong views, or supplement and correct them. To judge and explain, it is generally to judge the right or wrong of the viewpoint first, and then to explain.

The analysis problem obviously improves the difficulty. First of all, it is generally not easy to make a simple right or wrong judgment on the topic or the given point of view itself. Secondly, from the perspective of solving problems, we should pay attention to the analysis of the viewpoint itself, and then make a judgment on the viewpoint. Judgment is different from judgment. Judgment only talks about right and wrong, and judgment should explain the reasons for right and wrong.

When analyzing short answer questions. We have made a certain exposition of analytical short answers, and here we will discuss the analytical questions that may appear in the questions, or in layman's terms, how to answer the analytical questions as big questions.

Classification and analysis questions can be divided into two categories: the topic and the opposite or wrong question. The so-called topic, the view is completely correct; The so-called inverse topic or wrong topic refers to a topic with incorrect or incomplete views.

In the exam, the opposite question is more common. The forms are also more diverse. To sum up, most of them belong to the following four categories:

1, judging standard error. We usually have to have a standard to make some kind of judgment. For example, a person is taller. Its standard is the height of ordinary people, not other standards. Of course, because of different standards, the conclusions are different. Example (the story of a pony crossing the river)

2. The conditions are not sufficient. Making judgments often requires certain conditions. Correct judgment needs to meet the corresponding conditions, and once the conditions are not met or insufficient, it will lead to misjudgment.

3. Take care of one thing and lose another. We came to the conclusion that we should consider everything. But sometimes, on some issues, there will be one-sided exaggeration or one-sided emphasis on one aspect while ignoring the other. Lead to the wrong conclusion.

4. Multi-viewpoint discrimination. That is, there are more than two viewpoints on a question. We can treat this kind of problem as multiple problems and analyze and judge them one by one.

Ideas and requirements for solving problems:

1, examine the questions carefully and don't rush to judge.

2, closely linked to the test center, layer by layer analysis.

3. Clear and accurate case analysis and problem solving methods.

Case analysis is a compulsory question in law examination. Short answer questions generally have one or two case analysis questions, analysis questions or explanation questions (previously called big questions).

Case analysis is a kind of topic that analyzes cases (usually behaviors) according to the law. In fact, it can be regarded as a judgment interpretation question, but the general judgment interpretation question is to judge and explain the viewpoint, while the case analysis is to judge and explain the behavior; General judgment questions are based on facts or objective laws, and case analysis is based on legal provisions.

The solution of case analysis is the most typical. There are basically three aspects: judgment, evaluation and extension.

Judgment: it is a judgment on the nature, circumstances and sentencing of an act according to law.

Comments: It is to analyze how the behavior constitutes the behavior stipulated by law, and all the legal basis.

Extension: summarize some principles and methods of doing things from the case itself, which is what we call behavioral requirements.

In other words, the answer to the case analysis should include the above three aspects. It is worth noting that in recent years, some case analysis questions are often not an act, but the actions of many related subjects, both illegal and law-abiding You should analyze and answer questions one by one.

Analysis and explanation of problem solving methods

Analysis and explanation is the most difficult question in the senior high school entrance examination, which can best reflect the ability assessment. There are high requirements for knowledge and thinking ability. Solving analysis and explanation problems mainly starts with the way of thinking of questions.

There are mainly the following ways of thinking to analyze and explain problems:

1. inductive type: it mainly examines students' inductive ability, that is, analyzes the presented materials and draws one or several conclusions. Such questions generally take the form of "what problems are reflected in the above materials" and "analyzing and explaining the above materials in combination with the knowledge learned". Some topics take the form of multiple questions and are analyzed layer by layer.

2. Deductive type: to examine students' deductive ability, that is, to ask students to find out the demonstration materials about the given conclusive knowledge, or to use the learned conclusive knowledge to explain, analyze and explain the contents of the materials. Topics are usually "explain xx conclusion with xx materials" and "talk about your understanding (or understanding) of xx problems with materials and knowledge".

3. Extended type: that is, the topic extends from one question to another question or several questions. Students need to master the relationship between knowledge skillfully and in place.

4. Mixed type: that is, in a problem, there are several mixed forms such as induction, deduction and extension. This kind of topic is a difficult topic, which mainly requires students to be very skilled, have a deep understanding of what they have learned, and experience the leap of various thinking forms. Therefore, it is rare in the mid-term exam questions.

Solutions to open problems

Open-ended questions, strictly speaking, generally do not belong to a separate question type. It is mainly because it is often difficult for students to grasp such problems. Open-ended questions have several characteristics from the topic itself: first, the diversity of situational settings (that is, the source materials of the questions are extensive and difficult to capture); Second, the openness of questioning participation (that is, there is basically no limit to the setting of questions, and there is a lot of room for students' subjective initiative); The third is the diversity of answers (the so-called answer is not unique, and the score is in line with the meaning of the question).

There are three main points to pay attention to in open questions: first, we should be close to the hot spots of the senior high school entrance examination; The second is to list more points and less depth; Third, the viewpoint is clear. In other words, when answering questions, you must make more use of the requirements of the outline, and don't dig deep and stop there.

First, multiple choice questions

1. Examine the stem and grasp the key words.

2. You can know the wrong option at a glance, and you must first eliminate it (except adverse selection).

3. There is nothing wrong with the limb itself, but it does not meet the problem and is ruled out.

Believe in the first choice, and don't change it unless it is really wrong.

Attachment: Don't choose in ten cases-

(1) Don't choose the wrong one.

(2) Don't choose those whose limbs don't match.

(3) Those with two limbs and two trunks are not selected.

(4) Causality is not selected.

(5) Those who confuse right and wrong are not selected.

(6) Those who have contradictions are not selected.

(7) No indirect contact is selected.

(8) Those who do not meet the scope are not selected.

(9) Ask a single person not to choose.

(10) The reverse gear selector is incorrect.

Second, short answer questions

1. Make clear the meaning of the topic. Usually includes: what is it? Why? How's it going?

2. Grasp the limitations of the topic.

3. Reveal the highlights of the topic from the keywords in the topic.

4. Stratification.

5. Pay attention to the comprehensiveness of the answer. 6. The writing process can be concise and clear.

Thirdly, analysis questions usually test students' dialectical or quasi-analytical knowledge. Some are reasonable, some are unreasonable and some are essential.

(1) Analyze from a comprehensive point of view, seize key words, and try to find reasonable and unreasonable places.

(2) When it comes to capitalism, state and democracy, we must pay attention to class nature.

Please note when answering questions:

(1) The next conclusion in the discovery process

(2) Whether the use of writing principle is reasonable: principle+brief analysis (explain why it is reasonable)

Unreasonable: principle+analysis (explain why it is unreasonable and point out what is reasonable)

Fourth, the examination of the essay questions

(1) Reverse test: What to ask first? How many questions are there? Then read the material with questions.

(2) Grasp the key words and try to find out the central meaning of each piece of material.

(3) a large piece of material should be layered, and the meaning of each layer should be clear.

(4) The notes of materials contain a lot of information, which can't be ignored.

Please note when answering questions:

(1) Anyone who asks about phenomena will answer whatever he sees and will not expand.

(2) Any "analysis" or "comment" requires the deduction of principled material analysis. If it is a philosophical part, methodological requirements should be added after Principles. What is the answer? Why? How's it going? That is to analyze and solve problems.

(3) Answer by layers, pay attention to the standard of writing, and get accurate answers.

"One, Two, Three, Four" in the third grade ideological and political education.

"one": "one center", that is, taking economic construction as the center.

"Two": 1. "Two basic points", that is, adhering to the four cardinal principles and persisting in reform and opening up.

2. "Two most influential bourgeois revolutions", namely, the British bourgeois revolution in the17th century and the French bourgeois revolution in the18th century.

3. "Two climaxes of the international socialist movement", namely, the European revolutionary wave formed by 19 17- 1923 and the Eurasian revolutionary wave formed by 1945- 1959.

"One country, two systems" means one country, two systems. On the premise of one China, the mainland implements the socialist system, while Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan Province have maintained their original systems for a long time.

5. "The construction of socialist spiritual civilization includes two aspects", namely, ideological and moral construction and educational, scientific and cultural construction.

6. "Two historical tasks of the Chinese nation", namely, one is to achieve national independence and people's liberation, and the other is to achieve national prosperity and people's common prosperity. The previous task has been completed. The latter task requires the efforts of several generations and more than ten generations.

7. "Two major themes of the present era", namely, peace and development.

"Three": 1. "Three-level society" means slave society, feudal society and capitalist society.

2. "Three scientific and technological revolutions", namely industrial revolution, electric power revolution and new scientific and technological revolution. Their signs are: the invention and use of steam engines, the wide application of electric power, the invention and application of electronic computers, atomic energy and space science and technology.

3. "China's three attempts to explore the capitalist road", namely, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement led by Hong Xiuquan, the Reform Movement initiated by the bourgeois reformists, and the Revolution of 1911 initiated by the bourgeois revolutionaries.

4. The "three major transformations", that is, 1956, were basically completed. China led the people throughout the country to carry out socialist transformation of individual agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce. At this point, the basic socialist system has been fully established.

5. "Three Favorable Criteria", that is, in the process of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics, whether it is conducive to developing the productive forces of socialist society, enhancing the comprehensive national strength of socialist countries and improving people's living standards should be taken as the standard.

6. "Three major problems of basic national conditions", namely, population problem, resource problem and environmental problem.

7. "Three big steps", that is, always adhering to the party's basic line, thus bringing China's economic construction, people's life and comprehensive national strength to a big step.

8. "Theory of Three Represents", that is, China * * * always represents the development requirements of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China.

9. "Three-step strategy", that is, the strategic deployment of China's economic and social development in three steps formulated by the Thirteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China: the first step is to double the gross national product from198/kloc-0 to 1990 to solve the problem of people's food and clothing; Second, by 2050, by the middle of 2 1 century, the per capita GNP will reach the level of moderately developed countries, the people's life will reach a well-off level, and modernization will be basically realized.

10. "Three respects", that is, to fulfill the obligation of safeguarding national unity, should respect the religious beliefs, customs and habits, and languages of all ethnic groups.

1 1. "Three historic changes" and "three great men", that is, the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the autocratic monarchy that ruled China for thousands of years; The second time was the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the establishment of the socialist system; The third time was the reform and opening up, and we fought for socialist modernization. The corresponding three great figures are Sun Yat-sen, Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping.

"Four": 1. The "Four Cardinal Principles" mean adhering to the socialist road, the people's democratic dictatorship, China's leadership, Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.

2. "Four stages of the new-democratic revolution", namely, the Northern Expedition, the Agrarian Revolutionary War, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the Liberation War.

"Four Citizens" means citizens with ideals, morality, education and discipline. Cultivating "four haves" citizens is the fundamental task of socialist spiritual civilization construction.

4. "Four major projects" in the western development, namely Qinghai-Tibet Railway, South-to-North Water Transfer Project, West-to-East Gas Transmission Project and West-to-East Power Transmission Project.