(1) first depends on the development level of social productive forces and the development of science and technology.
(2) Restricted by social system.
(3) We should also consider the population situation.
(4) According to the age characteristics of teenagers and children
(5) Learn the beneficial parts of the original education system and refer to the experience of foreign education systems.
13. Briefly describe the development trend of modern education system.
(1) Strengthen preschool education and its connection with primary education.
(2) Early school age and long compulsory education.
(3) General education and vocational education are developing towards integration.
(4) The types of higher education are increasingly diversified.
(5) Building a lifelong education system
(6) The boundary between academic education and non-academic education is gradually weakening.
(7) The education system is conducive to international exchanges.
14. Briefly describe the ways of teachers' professional development.
(1) Observe and analyze the teaching activities of excellent teachers.
(2) developing microteaching
(3) Specialized training
(4) Reflection on teaching experience
15, how to establish a good teacher-student relationship
(1) Understanding and studying students
(2) Establish a correct view of students.
(3) Improve teachers' own quality.
(4) Carry forward education democracy.
(5) Correctly handle the contradiction between teachers and students
16. What are the main factors that restrict the course?
Society, knowledge and children are the three major factors that restrict school curriculum. Specifically including:
(1) social demand
(2) the level of subject knowledge
(3) Characteristics of learners' physical and mental development
(4) Curriculum theory
17. Briefly describe the representative figures and main viewpoints of knowledge-centered curriculum theory.
Representative figures: Comenius, Herbart, Spencer, Bruner
(1) Subject-centered and subject-based teaching.
(2) Arranging according to the knowledge logic system
(3) Emphasize the leading role of teachers and systematically impart knowledge to students.
18. Briefly describe the representative figures and main viewpoints of learner-centered curriculum theory.
Representative figures: Dewey and Ke Qubo
(1) Student-centered
(2) According to the order of students' psychological development.
(3) Emphasize students' experience, interests and needs, and ignore the leading role of teachers.
19. Briefly describe Taylor's goal principle.
Taylor's Four Basic Curriculum Problems:
(1) What should schools strive to achieve?
(2) What kind of educational experience can be provided to achieve this goal?
(3) How to organize these educational experiences effectively?
(4) How to determine whether these educational goals have been achieved?
Taylor's principle can be summarized as: objective, content, method and evaluation, namely:
(1) Determine the course objectives;
(2) Select the course content according to the objective;
(3) Organize the course contents according to the objectives;
(4) Evaluate the course according to the objective.
20. Briefly describe the three text expressions of the course and their functions.
(1) Curriculum plan, also known as teaching plan, is a guiding document for school education and teaching based on the national education objectives and the training objectives of various schools at all levels. Including: ① guiding ideology; ② Training objectives; ③ Curriculum setting and description (which subjects are the central topics of the curriculum plan); 4 class arrangement; ⑤ The sequence and time allocation of courses; ⑥ Inspection system and implementation requirements. Curriculum plan is the overall planning of curriculum, the basis for guiding and stipulating curriculum and teaching activities, the basis for school curriculum and teaching activities, and the basis for formulating curriculum standards, compiling teaching materials and designing other teaching materials.
(2) Curriculum standard is a guiding document on the content of a certain subject and its implementation and evaluation, which is compiled by the state in the form of an outline according to the curriculum plan. Including preface, course objectives, content standards, implementation suggestions and appendices. Curriculum standards are the direct basis for compiling teaching materials and teachers' teaching; An important standard to measure the teaching quality of each subject; The basis of evaluation and examination proposition.
(3) Textbooks are books and tools directly used for teaching, which are compiled according to the curriculum plan and curriculum standards. Textbooks are textbooks and the concretization of curriculum standards; It is the main basis for teachers to carry out teaching; It is the main material for students to acquire systematic knowledge and study at school.
2 1, Basic Principles of Textbook Compilation
(1) is scientific and ideological in content according to the characteristics of different disciplines.
(2) Emphasize the basic content.
(3) On the premise of ensuring the scientificity of teaching materials, we should also consider the realistic level of social development and the current educational situation in China, and pay attention to the applicability of basic teaching materials to most students and schools.
(4) In the arrangement of teaching materials, the internal logic of knowledge should be consistent with the requirements of teaching methods.
(5) The arrangement of teaching materials should be conducive to students' learning.
(6) The arrangement of textbooks should take into account the relationship between the contents of subjects in the same grade and the relationship between textbooks in different grades in the same subject.
22. Briefly describe the specific objectives of the new curriculum reform.
(1) Realize the transformation of curriculum function. Change the tendency that the curriculum pays too much attention to knowledge transmission and emphasize the formation of positive learning attitude, so that the process of acquiring basic knowledge and skills becomes the process of learning to learn and forming correct values at the same time.
(2) It embodies the balance, comprehensiveness and selectivity of the curriculum structure. Change the current situation that the curriculum emphasizes too much on subject-based, too many subjects, and lacks integration, and set up nine-year consistent curriculum categories and proportions as a whole, and set up comprehensive courses to meet the needs of different regions and students' development.
(3) Close the connection between the course content and life and times. Change course? Difficult, complicated, partial and old? And pay too much attention to book knowledge, strengthen the connection between course content and students' life, modern society and scientific and technological development, pay attention to students' interests and experiences, and select the basic knowledge and skills necessary for lifelong learning.
(4) Improve students' learning style. We should improve the current situation that the curriculum implementation places too much emphasis on accepting learning, rote learning and mechanical learning, and advocate autonomous learning, inquiry learning and cooperative learning.
(5) Establish an evaluation and examination system that conforms to the concept of quality education. Change the function of curriculum evaluation that overemphasizes screening and selection, and give play to the function of evaluation to promote students' development and improve teachers' teaching practice.
(6) Implement a three-level curriculum management system. Change the situation that the curriculum management is too centralized, implement the curriculum management at the national, local and school levels, and enhance the adaptability of the curriculum to local, school and students.
23. Briefly describe the content of the comprehensive practical activity course emphasized by the new curriculum reform.
Comprehensive practical activities are set as compulsory courses from primary school to high school, and their contents mainly include: information technology education, research-based learning, community service and social practice, and labor technology education.
24. Briefly describe the basic tasks of teaching.
(1) Guide students to master the basic knowledge and skills of science and culture.
(2) Developing students' intelligence, especially cultivating students' creativity and practical ability.
(3) Develop students' physical strength and promote health.
(4) Cultivate students' scientific world outlook, good ideology and morality, healthy aesthetic taste and good psychological quality.
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