1June, 928, Zhang was killed on his way back to the northeast. 192865438+On February 29th, Zhang Xueliang resolutely announced? Northeast China changed its flag? , shattered the Japanese imperialism's attempt to annex northeast China. At this time, Japan believes that it should be resolved as soon as possible? Manchuria problem? There is no alternative but to use force.
1929 July Guan's staff officer and director of operations, Ishihara Guaner, etc. Manchuria? After the investigation in the north, the fundamental national policy of reversing the national movement was put forward. The solution of Manchu-Mongolian problem and Manchu-Mongolian plan of Kwantung Army systematically put forward the plan of invading northeast China. On June 6th, Secretary of the Army Minami Jiro organized a secret meeting? A meeting of five heads of state? So-called? A meeting of five heads of state? , by the army department, personnel department, chief of staff, Europe and the United States and China. After repeated discussions,1June 9, the Outline for Solving the Manchurian Problem was formulated.
On the basis of the above plan, the Kwantung Army began to make all kinds of careful arrangements for the incident in full swing. In view of the fact that Shenyang is the political, economic and cultural center of northeast China and the headquarters of the main force of the Northeast Army, the Kwantung Army chose Shenyang as the first war zone. In order to create an excuse to occupy Shenyang, Ishihara chose to stay away from the Northeast Army? A section of the track of Nanman Railway near Liutiaohu Village, not far from Beidaying, was used as the blasting site. The time is scheduled for September 28th, 193 1. It is scheduled to bomb the Peking University camp with heavy artillery at the same time, conduct blitzkrieg and occupy Shenyang City overnight.
After Banhara, Ishihara and others conspired with the commander of the Japanese army stationed in the DPRK, the Japanese army stationed in the DPRK also echoed from a distance, and began to assemble on the border between China and the DPRK in a planned way, constantly conducting cross-border exercises, and prepared to divide the troops into two ways after the incident broke out, crossing the Yalu River and Tumen River to cooperate with the Kwantung Army.
After entering August, the Japanese military department made an important personnel adjustment. On August 1 day, Mao Hong, a former adviser to Zhang, a former military attache familiar with the northeast situation, was appointed as the commander of the Kwantung Army. China pass? Kenji Tufei was appointed as the director of Fengtian Secret Service. The Japanese army sent the two men to the northeast of China, apparently as a military deployment to launch a war of aggression. It is said that this temple Mao was personally selected by Emperor Hirohito. On the morning of August 1, Ben Simao went to Yeshan Summer Palace to meet Emperor Hirohito, who gave him a banquet and conferred the title himself.
At the end of August, the plan of Kwantung Army plotting to launch an incident gradually spread to Japan. Prime minister Wakatsuki Reijiro, foreign minister yoshijiro kurihara, interior minister Makino Nobuaki and veteran Saionji Kinmochi are worried that if the actions of the kwantung army lead to war, it will endanger Wakayama's cabinet? Coordinating diplomacy? I hope the emperor can summon Lv Xiang and rectify the military discipline in the sea. On September 10 and 1 1 day, Emperor Hirohito, who had just returned from the Yeshan Summer Palace to Tokyo Palace, immediately met with the maritime security guards Ito and Jiro Lu Xiangnan and asked them? Have you heard all kinds of criticisms of military discipline in society? .
Under the inquiry of the Emperor and the pressure of the cabinet, elders and public opinion, the Army held a meeting of Lv Xiang, chief of staff and director of education, on September 14, and decided the policy of containing the use of force by the Kwantung Army. At the same time, it was decided to send Major General Jimmy Jianchuan as the special envoy and send a personal letter from Lu Xiang to the headquarters of the Kwantung Army. The Ministry of War chose Jianchuan as the emissary, which is quite intriguing, because Jianchuan is precisely a far-right militarist and one of the figures eager to launch an incident in the Northeast. After receiving the task, Jianchuan instructed his subordinates and the squad leader of the army intelligence class, Hashimoto Shinji, to send three secret messages to the Kwantung Army one after another, demanding early action.
After studying Hashimoto's three telegrams repeatedly, Banhara, Ishihara and others decided to advance the original date by 10 days and launch it in September 18? Events? . However, Jianchuan, who was in charge of the emergency military aircraft, deliberately delayed the time and sent the personal letter from the military province to the village as late as 19. Events? Is a fait accompli.
/Kloc-On the night of September, 0/8, 10: 20, Captain Kawamoto of Chuan Dao Squadron of Shimamoto Brigade of Kwantung Army led several people to arrive near Liutiao Lake as scheduled in the name of inspecting the railway. He Ben personally placed a small explosive charge for cavalry under a section of track of Nanman Railway and lit the fuse. There was a bang, and the blown rails and sleepers flew around. Subsequently, the Japanese army did the same thing again, creating a fake scene, placing three bodies dressed in China military clothes and falsely accusing them of blowing up the railway. Immediately, Kawamoto used his mobile phone to report to the brigade headquarters and the secret service in Fengtian, and Chuan Dao's mid-team leader, who was waiting at the civil service station about 4 kilometers north of the railway explosion site, immediately led his troops south to attack Peking University Camp. This is the September 18th Incident created by Japanese imperialism.
After the incident, Banyuanzheng Shiro, in the name of acting commander and advance staff of Kwantung Army, ordered the 2nd Brigade of the Independent Guard to attack Peking University Camp and the 29th Infantry Regiment to attack Shenyang City. Benzhong, who was in Lushun late at night 1 1, immediately telephoned the 2nd Division to dispatch to Shenyang, and decided to transfer the headquarters of the Kwantung Army from Lushun to Shenyang. At the same time, he telephoned the Japanese commander in North Korea, Hiroshi Hayashi, to ask for quick reinforcements.
Because the Northeast Army carried out Chiang Kai-shek's non-resistance policy, the Japanese army successfully occupied Shenyang City that night. /kloc-on the morning of September 30th, 0/9, before Commander Benzhong of the Kwantung Army arrived in Shenyang, the Kwantung Army had already prepared his signature in advance. Commander Ben Chong of Kwantung Army? Lithographic notices are plastered all over Shenyang City. Lied that the incident was committed by the Japanese army, which destroyed the normal operation of the South Manchuria Railway in Japan. The behavior of the Japanese Kwantung Army was purely self-defense.
After receiving the notification of the incident, the heads of the Japanese army headquarters and the military provinces immediately held an emergency meeting. The meeting agreed that the kwantung army's determination and action? Perfect fit? And therefore decided to support the actions of the Kwantung Army without reservation, and it should be the Kwantung Army? Send three more divisions? Request, send troops to reinforce. However, at the emergency cabinet meeting held on 10 that morning, if Prime Minister Zen and Foreign Minister Seiji Maehara were worried about international interference caused by the expansion of the war, they advocated passing it? Not expanding the situation? Policy, and played the emperor in this matter. Under such circumstances, the Army Ministry and the General Staff Department had to vaguely instruct Kwantung Army to handle it properly in the spirit of the cabinet meeting? Future military action. Knowing the intention of the military department, Hashimoto Shingoro also approached the chessboard: the order from the headquarters? Dealing with the cabinet meeting is superficial, and its original intention is not to ask you to stop acting? .
The secret support of the military department further fueled the arrogance of the Japanese army. On the afternoon of September 2 1 year, the commander of the Japanese army stationed in the DPRK, Hayashi Mishiro, was dismissed by the Emperor without the approval of the Cabinet. Can't sit back and watch kwantung army? The reason is that, according to the understanding reached, they arbitrarily dispatched fighters of the 6th Flying Wing and a squadron of reconnaissance planes to the northeast, and mobilized the 39th Huncheng Brigade of the infantry under their jurisdiction to cross the Yalu River and arrive in Shenyang at night. The kwantung army also immediately sent troops to attack Jilin provincial capital, further expanding the situation.
Neither the Kwantung Army provoked the war nor the Japanese troops stationed in South Korea sent troops to the Northeast, without the approval of the Emperor and the Cabinet meeting. So after the incident, the top military officials were very nervous, afraid that the government would take it? Infringed on the power of the commander-in-chief of the emperor, impeached the commander of the Korean army, and refused to allocate funds. However, to the surprise of the army, in view of the fact that the Japanese troops stationed in the DPRK have sent troops, the cabinet ministers who have no principled differences with the military department on the issue of controlling Manchuria and Mongolia unanimously passed the fait accompli that the Japanese troops stationed in the DPRK undoubtedly entered the Northeast at the cabinet meeting held on the morning of September 22, and made a decision to increase the funds for sending troops. It can be seen that the cabinet simply does not want to set any obstacles to the military operations that have already begun.
That night, Prime Minister Joachim, the Secretary of the Army and the Chief of Staff successively presented the decision of the Cabinet meeting to the emperor, who approved it. According to the diary of Kimura Koichi, then secretary of the Home Secretary? Your Majesty has instructed the Prime Minister and Lu Xiang that the government's policy of trying not to further expand the incident is very good. I hope to continue to work hard. ? At the same time, Emperor Hirohito, at the invitation of the Cabinet, took? Not expanding the situation? On the condition that the Japanese troops stationed in the DPRK are approved to cross the border.
In this way, the arbitrary cross-border problem of the Japanese troops stationed in the DPRK ended with ratification afterwards. North Korea's commander, Kimi Shiro, is also known as? General crossing the border? Understand? Hehe, Wei Ming? And was appreciated by the emperor, and was ordered to form a cabinet. This gives the army an impression that as long as they make actual achievements, no matter what they do, they will be well treated by the emperor. It is precisely because of this that this practice of after-the-fact recognition occurred repeatedly until the Pacific War.
Launching the September 18th Incident was only the first stage of Japan's plan, although both the Cabinet and the Emperor made it clear? Not expanding the situation? It seems that the Japanese military has decided to take advantage of this opportunity? Solve the Manchu problem in one fell swoop . The next plan of Kwantung Army is to occupy the main cities along Nanman Railway and Anfeng Road with Shenyang as the center, so as to firmly control Nanman. /kloc-In September of 0/9, the Kwantung Army captured Changchun, and the third and fourth battalions of the Japanese independent garrison also invaded Anton (now Dandong), Yingkou and Fenghuang on the same day. At this point, the Nanman Railway has been completely occupied by the Japanese army. By September 23rd, the Japanese army had successively captured Jilin and Qiqihar, making most of Heilongjiang Province fall into the hands of the Japanese army.
In the same year1October 27th, 165438+, Benmao ordered the Kwantung Army to attack Jinzhou. However, the wanton actions of the Kwantung Army aroused strong reaction from the international community, especially the United States lodged a serious protest with the Japanese in order to safeguard its interests in China. In order to avoid a direct conflict with the United States, the Japanese chief of staff decided to suspend operations in Jinzhou. The next day, the Japanese Chiefs of Staff withdrew the troops attacking Jinzhou to the east of Liaohe River.
In the middle of February, 65438+, the political situation in Japan changed. If the Cabinet collapses, the Cabinet of Inukai Tsuyoshi will be established. The new army chief supported the Kwantung Army's invasion of Jinzhou and sent a large number of troops to the northeast of China. On February 28th, 65438, the Kwantung Army launched the Jinzhou Campaign again, and captured Jinzhou on June 3rd. 1932. In this way, the western Liaoning area outside Shanhaiguan was quickly occupied by the Kwantung Army. At this time, Emperor Hirohito proposed again? Things don't expand? The request, and asked to remind kwantung army, the wanton behavior of the north Korean army, he said to the old Saionji Kinmochi:? At present, regardless of unified command, the military departments have acted recklessly and interfered in the country's political diplomacy. That's why I'm worried about my country. ? However, shortly thereafter, on June 8, 65438+, Emperor Hirohito, as the supreme commander, attacked the Kwantung Army for occupying a large area of land in the three northeastern provinces. Merit? Confirmation and recommendation:
Due to the need of self-defense, the officers and men of the Kwantung Army fought decisively and quickly, and were outnumbered, and the cutting was quickly completed. Since then, Ling has worked hard and braved the cold, in order to complete the policing task, or in Nenjiang, Qiqihar, or in western Liaoning and Jinzhou, he slashed and killed bandits and thieves all over the country, bravely killing the enemy and removing the curse. I greatly appreciate his loyalty. Our soldiers and other soldiers have high hopes for patiently and self-respecting the foundation of peace in East Asia! [Japan] Modern history materials? 7? Manchuria Incident, A Study of the Three Tombs, 1965, p. 337.
Kiyoshi Inoue, a famous Japanese historian, made the following comments on the commendation order issued by the Emperor in his book The Emperor's War Responsibility:
Hirohito studied the contents carefully when he published the imperial edict. Here, Hirohito especially praised the two battles of Nenjiang and Liaoxi, which deserve special attention. The two battles launched by Kwantung Army without authorization made the Japanese government feel extremely embarrassed and became the object of fierce international condemnation. However, due to this embarrassing language, the road of condemning the Japanese Kwantung Army's arbitrariness was suddenly blocked. This statement clearly shows that Hirohito's army should be commended as long as it succeeds, whether it is launching a war of aggression or expanding the war without authorization. [Japan] Kiyoshi Inoue: The Emperor's War Responsibility, Commercial Press, 1983, p. 69.
The emperor's statement gave the Japanese imperialist forces a shot in the arm and a stimulant, which made the militaristic forces more inflated and more unscrupulous. Emperor Hirohito regarded the war action taken by the Kwantung Army without authorization as a national policy in the form of prophecy, which made the Japanese militaristic war of aggression from? War without letters? In the name of the emperor? Jihad? .
Japan's invasion of northeast China aroused the indignation of the broad masses of China people, and some patriotic anti-Japanese people embarked on the road of assassinating Japanese militarists, the most famous of which was in the 1930s. Summer? Known as Wang Yaqiao. Wang Yaqiao opposed Chiang Kai-shek in his early years, but with the Japanese invasion of China, he changed his anti-Chiang to an anti-Japanese organization? Iron blood gang? Specializing in assassinating Japanese spies and traitors. During this period, Wang Yaqiao gradually established cooperative relations with the Korean Independent Party, a Korean anti-Japanese organization in exile at that time, and the Korean interim government. Wang Yaqiao held secret talks with Jin Jiu, a Korean anti-Japanese hero, and both sides agreed to break up. Wang Yaqiao was responsible for the assassination of Shiro Sakahara, the mastermind of the September 18th Incident, and the patriotic group led by Jin Jiu was responsible for the assassination of Japanese Emperor Hirohito. Then they jointly issued a statement, demanding that the Japanese aggressor troops withdraw from China and North Korea, or they would be even more retaliated.
193 1 year 10, Wang Yaqiao arrived in Shenyang. After learning that General Ji Ze Shirakawa, a Japanese veteran who started the war of aggression against China, was planning to set up a puppet Manchukuo in Shenyang, he decided to assassinate Shirakawa instead. However, due to the extremely strict vigilance of the Japanese gendarmerie, the assassination failed. /kloc-at the end of 0/0, after Wang Yaqiao returned to Shanghai, Jin Jiu immediately set out to assassinate Emperor Hirohito.
The assassin sent by Jin Jiu is Li Fengchang, a 32-year-old member of the Korean Independence Party. 19311February 16, Li Fengchang made all the preparations, sewed two Japanese bombs in his own room and went to Tokyo.
In Tokyo, Li Fengchang checked into the Kimmachi Hotel hidden in Muxia Province under a Japanese name. After many days of reconnaissance around the palace, Li Fengchang chose the vicinity of the police station outside the Sakurada Gate of the Palace as the sniper site. First, because Emperor Hirohito frequented this gate, and second, because the road outside Sakurada gate was winding, especially there was a big turn in the police station, the Emperor's motorcade would inevitably slow down when passing by, which was convenient for bombing and attacking.
But it's not easy to get close to there. According to the regulations, there are only 65438+ on June 2 and April 29 every year. Tianchang Festival? Only then can people get there. In normal times, if you want to go there, you must have a noble certificate. Before Li Fengchang left Shanghai, in the name of visiting the palace, he asked a Japanese aristocratic lady who had fallen in love with him to do a good job of proof for him. Another Japanese name was used on the certificate? Taro Asayama.
1932 65438+1On October 8th, Emperor Hirohito inspected the so-called "Yoyogi Training Ground" on the outskirts of Tokyo. Elite teacher? The ninth division of the army. It was also during this military parade that he read out the words praising the Kwantung Army's invasion of northeast China. After the inspection, Emperor Hirohito led a large group of people back to the palace by bus. At this time, Li Fengchang has successfully arrived near Sakurada Gate, ready to wait for an opportunity to start.
Emperor Hirohito rode in a carriage. In order to prevent assassination, the Japanese police arranged a large number of police forces to run around. Manchuria? In addition to the assistance of the secret police who were airlifted to the Kwantung Army, a carriage with the same decoration and alarm was specially arranged behind the emperor's carriage. This is called? Auxiliary car? , mainly plays a role of camouflage and confusion. At that time, sitting in the carriage was the minister of the palace, Ichiki Shiro.
Since the assassination of the emperor took place in 1923, the policemen on both sides stood with their backs to the street and their eyes fixed on the crowd during the imperial patrol. According to tradition, people are kneeling. When the emperor's motorcade came to the front corner of the police station outside Sakurada, the carriage slowed down, and Li Fengchang, who was mixed in the crowd, took the opportunity to knock the Japanese bomb into fire and throw it out. Unexpectedly, Li Fengchang mistook the bus for the emperor's car. With a loud noise, the bus driver died immediately, but the people on board survived. Emperor Hirohito, who was sitting in the front carriage, heard the explosion, panicked and almost fell out of the car. When the driver saw it, he immediately waved a whip to urge the horse and pulled the emperor straight to Sakurada Gate.
Li Fengchang, who failed to assassinate Hirohito, was arrested on the spot and taken to the police station. He refused to answer the police's questions, but kept asking: Is Hirohito hurt? ? I couldn't help sighing when I learned that Hirohito was safe and sound. Great things have not been accomplished! ?
Immediately after the failed assassination of the Emperor, Jin Jiu issued a statement through Nanyang Daily, warning Japan not to kill Li Fengchang, or it would be even more retaliated. However, the Japanese court sentenced Li Fengchang to death in September of that year and trumpeted that the prisoner had repented.
Hirohito said with a smile after learning the identity of the assassin. He must be from the Korea Independence Party. ? In the afternoon, the palace attendant Kimura said that the attempted murder helped Emperor Hirohito regain his sympathy for the increasingly disappointed Japanese people. After the assassination, the home secretary in charge of police affairs, together with other cabinet members, asked Hirohito to resign. However, Hirohito returned his resignation to the Prime Minister without looking at it, and asked all the cabinets to remain in office.
1932 1.5, a senior staff officer of the Japanese Kwantung Army, one of the main planners of the September 18th Incident. Seijiro Banhara flew back to Tokyo from Shenyang, reported the occupation of northeast China to Emperor Hirohito and the Japanese staff headquarters, and then participated in making plans to wage war in Shanghai. At 438+00 on June 5, Sakahara sent a telegram from Tokyo to Assistant Major General Takagi Tanaka, the military attache of the Japanese Embassy in Shanghai. Manchuria incident? It develops as planned, but some people in the central government are still skeptical because of the opposition of big countries. Please take advantage of the current tension between China and Japan to carry out your planned activities and turn the eyes of big countries to Shanghai. ?
Shanghai is the economic center of the Kuomintang area. Controlling Shanghai can not only further expand the invasion of China hinterland, but also further force Chiang Kai-shek's government to compromise and surrender. More importantly, European and American countries' investment in China is mostly concentrated in Shanghai, which is the most sensitive area between the powers and China, and it is easy to receive the effect of diverting international attention.
On June+10/October 18, 65438, at 4: 00 p.m., the Lotus Sect was stationed in Miu Fat Monastery, Jiangwan Road Mountain, Shanghai on the 5th: one of the Japanese Buddhist sects taking Rilian as their teacher. Near the towel factory, the monk suddenly met the Japanese spy Chuan Dao Yoshiko, also known as Jin Bihui, the daughter of a former prince of the Qing Dynasty, who was adopted by the Japanese ronin Chuan Dao Su Lang and trained as a female spy who faithfully served Japanese imperialism, providing Japan with a lot of information about its invasion of China. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was executed in Peiping after the victory. An attack by a hired mob resulted in the death of a Japanese monk. Using this as an excuse,1on the evening of October 28th 1 1: 50, the Japanese army launched an attack on the defenders of China in Zhabei area as scheduled. Shocked Shanghai at home and abroad? One? 28? The incident broke out.
Koichi Iwasawa, commander of the Japanese fleet in Shanghai, once shouted arrogantly? Once the war starts in Shanghai, it will be over in four hours? . But the Japanese army hit a wall from the beginning. General Cai Tingkai, who was stationed in Zhabei, led the 19th Route Army, and with the support of Shanghai residents, fought bravely and tenaciously. On the afternoon of 29th, he began to fight back, crushing the Japanese attack in one fell swoop, and Japan's arrogant plan was dashed. Yanze was forced to accept the British, American and French consul in Shanghai? Mediation? Agree to cease fire and reinforce for three days.
After the Japanese army failed to attack Zhabei, Emperor Hirohito, who kept a close eye on the development of the war situation, appointed Fujian Palace, the cousin of the Queen, as the head of the naval operations department on February 2. This appointment violates the practice of the court. Saionji, the recommender of the Prime Minister, was not consulted in advance, and Saionji Kinmochi was only informed after the matter was decided. Because the army chief of staff has always been Kaninnomiya, the grandfather of Fujian Palace, the operational matters of the army and navy have been completely controlled by the royal family.
65438+1October 3 1, proposed by Japan Ocean: The situation near Shanghai is not optimistic. We hope the army can reinforce us if necessary. ? Subsequently, the Central Department of the Japanese Navy urgently dispatched the newly formed Third Fleet to support Shanghai. On February 3, Yanze broke the armistice agreement and attacked Zhabei again, and launched the first general attack the next day, expanding the war to Jiangwan and Wusong. As a result, after several days of fierce fighting, the first wing of attacking Jiangwan was encircled by the China army. Although Wusongbao was destroyed by the Japanese army, the Japanese army still could not land. After the general assault was shattered, under the accusation of Hirohito, the commander of the Japanese fleet in Shanghai, Yanze Yuji, was removed from his post and was replaced by Dr. Yoshizaburo Nomura, commander of the Japanese Third Fleet. On February 5th, according to the decree of Emperor Hirohito, Gong Ze, chief of the army staff, urgently ordered the 9th Army Division to reinforce Shanghai. The 9th Division launched two general attacks on February 20th and 23rd, both of which were repelled. After the bankruptcy of the general attack plan, the Japanese ruling class was in trouble.
In order to end the war in Shanghai as soon as possible, the Cabinet of Inukai Tsuyoshi decided on February 23rd to send two more divisions to Shanghai, namely 1 1 and 14. Shanghai sent troops? Lu Xiang, the former Tanaka Cabinet, and General Masaaki Shirakawa, the Supreme Military Senate, were appointed as commanders. At 4 pm on the 24th, the performance of the Cabinet was recognized by the Emperor. At the appointment ceremony of Ji Ze Masaaki Shirakawa on February 25th, Emperor Hirohito instructed: After repelling the 19th Route Army of China from Shanghai, don't pursue for a long time, and hope to stop fighting before the League of Nations meeting on March 3rd. ?
1 At the beginning of March, the Japanese army 1 division 1 10,000 people, under the cover of more than 80 Japanese planes, arrived at Qiyakou, also known as Qipukou, on the Yangtze River in Changshu County, Jiangsu Province. Landing, occupied the China army behind the town of Liuhe. At the same time, the 9th Japanese Division launched its third attack on March 1 day, bypassing Jiangwan and capturing dachang town the next day. The 19th Route Army and the Fifth Army, which had been struggling for a month, suffered heavy casualties and could not be reinforced by Chiang Kai-shek. In order to save their strength, they can only retreat to the second line of defense, namely Huang Du, Jiading and Taicang, on the evening of March/KLOC-0.
The Japanese army still refused to stop, and their instruction to General Shirakawa was: March on Taihu Lake. However, Shirakawa faithfully carried out the instructions of Emperor Hirohito and issued a truce order to the Japanese army on the afternoon of March 3. It is said that Emperor Hirohito boasted when he talked with his recent ministers about the Shanghai incident after the war. In Shanghai, the war zone was restricted to a certain extent and the incident was prevented from expanding, which was attributed to General Shirakawa. A ceasefire was achieved on March 3. But this is not based on the order of the chief of staff, but because I have specifically ordered Shirakawa not to expand the incident. ? Records of Emperor Hirohito's Monologue (Chinese translation), Trends in World History Research, No.8, 199 1. Obviously, Emperor Hirohito is doing something for himself. In fact, the Japanese army stopped fighting because of the stubborn resistance of the defenders in China, which led to the defeat of the MC and Lian Lian, as well as repeated warnings and interference from western powers, and was forced to win? Save face? Strategy.
After the armistice in Shanghai, Emperor Hirohito praised sending troops, ordered the parliament to approve the additional military budget, and released the news on March 16. The army and navy soldiers sent to Shanghai, together with Qi Xin, outnumbered others, making the power of the imperial army spread all over the world. I deeply admire its loyalty. ? [Japan] Asahi Shimbun, 1932 March 16.
Although Emperor Hirohito narrowly escaped Li Fengchang's assassination, his lover Masaaki Shirakawa was not so lucky. He escaped Wang Yaqiao's assassination in Shenyang. April 29th is what Japan calls? Tianchang Festival? Celebrate the birthday of the Japanese emperor. On April 29th, 1932 is the birthday of Emperor Hirohito. The Japanese aggressor troops occupying Shanghai held a celebration ceremony in Hongkou Park, Shanghai, and Ji Ze Shirakawa also participated in the celebration. Wang Yaqiao and Jin Jiu planned the assassination again. When the music of the Japanese national anthem "Dai Jun" drew to a close, South Korean Yi Shiyin threw a homemade high-explosive bomb at the rostrum, and seven people including Ji Ze Shirakawa were injured. Shigemitsu Mamoru, then the Japanese ambassador to China, who later signed the book of Japan's defeat and surrender, also had his leg blown off. Ji Ze Shirakawa was sent back to China because of his injuries and died a month later. The assassin Yin was arrested on the spot and died heroically in Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan at the end of the same year.
After learning that Shirakawa was injured, Hirohito, who was heartbroken, personally visited Shirakawa, who was seriously injured in hospital, on May 23, and greatly praised him. As the commander of the upper navy, he fought in different places and finally completed his task, which shows his national prestige. ? And say to the people around you, Shirakawa is good! ? [Japan] Ozaki Katsumi: "Man? Hirohito Hirohito, former study room, 1999, p. 87.
Masaaki Shirakawa's death is regarded as a war dead, and his spiritual position is also enshrined in the Yasukuni Shrine. The following spring, Hirohito held a sacrificial ceremony in front of Shirakawa's tomb. Recalling Shirakawa's loyalty, Hirohito secretly shed tears. Later, the emperor wrote this feeling into a poem and gave it to Shirakawa's widow.
Girls' birthday party? Young sacrifice? Japan, March 3rd, is a traditional Japanese Daughter's Day. The war is raging, and my heart is full of sadness. It is rare to love you and overcome all difficulties. I will always remember the merits of the armistice.
The poems written by the emperor in calligraphy were sent to liegeman. There was no precedent in the past, and at the same time, I was worried that the * * * given to the military was too big, so it was not published for a long time.
? One? 28? The incident lasted for 35 days, and the Japanese army changed its commander in chief, killing more than 3,000 people. At the same time, it also caused the joint intervention of western powers, and Japan was once trapped in the predicament of being besieged and isolated. But? One? 28? Shortly after the incident, the Japanese Kwantung Army pointed its aggression at North China.
193365438+1On October 3rd, the 4th Brigade of the Kwantung Army Infantry, under the cover of planes and artillery, occupied Shanhaiguan, the throat of the northeast leading to North China. In mid-March, the whole province of Jehol fell, and in April 17, Luandong was also occupied by the Japanese army.
Kwantung Army sent troops to Jehol, which was approved by Emperor Hirohito. 1on March 24th, 933, Okamura Ningji, deputy chief of staff of the Kwantung Army, was ordered to return to China to report the operational situation of the Jehol to the emperor. According to Okamura Ningji's memory, what about the emperor? After listening to my last performance with great interest? [Japan] Inaba Masao: Memoirs of Okamura Ningji, Zhonghua Book Company, 198 1, p. 44 1? /kloc-in April of 0/5, Emperor Hirohito also issued a warning to the Japanese army invading Jehol. General Kwantung Army, who fought in Jehol, braved the wind, rain and obstacles and advanced at a high speed, outnumbering them, which enhanced the prestige of the imperial army at home and abroad, and I deeply appreciated its loyalty. However, the world situation cannot be accommodated in an instant, and your generals should cultivate their own spirit. I have great hopes. ?
Emperor Hirohito was in favor of the Kwantung Army's occupation of Jehol, but he was a little worried about the Kwantung Army crossing the Great Wall and occupying the Luandong area south of the Great Wall. Emperor Hirohito was shocked that the Kwantung Army had fought all the way to Luandong, and the British government made a serious protest to the Japanese government for its rights and interests. In addition, Hirohito is also worried that it will pay a heavy price to rush in without adequate preparation.
/kloc-in April of 0/9, the emperor summoned Makazaki, the undersecretary of army staff, and asked him face to face. Didn't Kwantung Army retreat from Luanhe River? ? Immediately after being summoned, Masaki Yuka sent a cable to Xiao Di Guo Zhao, chief of staff of the Kwantung Army, saying? If you don't retreat immediately, you will be ordered to retreat? . On April 20th, the Kwantung Army Command had to order the Kwantung Army to withdraw the Great Wall Line from Luandong, but still? Continue to threaten the resistance in North China? .
On May 2nd, Xiao Yiguo reached an agreement with Chief of Staff Zhao He and Army Province in Tokyo? Play along the Great Wall? 、? Give priority to forced landing, and internal change strategy should be secondary? Shanhaiguan battle plan, and please the emperor for approval. The kwantung army command issued the order to invade the pass the next day. The kwantung army once again launched an attack on Luandong and stormed Luanxi at the same time. The situation in North China is in jeopardy. On May 3 1, Chiang Kai-shek's government was forced to conclude the Tanggu Agreement with Japan, which in fact recognized the legitimacy of Japan's occupation of the three northeastern provinces and Jehol, and recognized Jidong as? Unarmed area? The whole of North China was placed under the surveillance and control of the Japanese army.
After the Tanggu Agreement was signed, Emperor Hirohito visited the Yasukuni Shrine to pay homage to the fallen soldiers. Good news? To express their joy. Since then, the Japanese government has pushed its luck and frequently made troubles in North China, forcing Chiang Kai-shek's government to sign the He-Mei Agreement and the Qin-Tu Agreement, thus seizing the sovereignty of Hebei and Chayu provinces. 1April, 936, with the approval of Emperor Hirohito, the one-year rotation system of North China garrison was changed to a permanent system; The original two infantry brigades were expanded into a strategic corps consisting of two infantry regiments, artillery regiments, tanks, cavalry and engineers, with a total strength of more than 5,000 people.
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The post of garrison commander in North China has also been upgraded, from the rank of major general to the rank of lieutenant general, which was directly appointed by the emperor, not the military department? Pro-replacement? . Lieutenant General Tamatsukaze, head of the Japanese 1 Division, became the first commander appointed by the Emperor himself. The change of the Japanese army has suddenly clouded North China, and a bigger storm is coming.