1, indirect experience and direct experience are unified. Students focus on learning indirect experience. Tao Xingzhi said, "Learning knowledge is like grafting". This sentence compares branches to direct experience and grafted branches to indirect experience, which shows that indirect experience is based on direct experience.

Therefore, we should make full use of students' existing experience in teaching and increase their perceptual knowledge necessary for learning new knowledge to ensure the smooth progress of teaching. If in the material analysis problem, a teacher pays attention to let students acquire knowledge by hand while explaining abstract knowledge, or let students watch visual teaching AIDS and experiments, this law will be reflected.

2. Mastering knowledge and developing ability are unified. Mastering knowledge is the basis of developing ability, and the development of students' cognitive ability depends on mastering knowledge, which provides a broad field for intelligence. Introducing the knowledge of thinking methods such as induction, deduction and problem solving to students is the way to teach students mental arithmetic.

It is better to teach people to fish than to teach people to fish, which embodies the unity of mastering knowledge and developing ability. In the problem of material analysis, if a teacher not only teaches students knowledge, but also teaches students the skills and methods of learning and how to learn, this is the law.

3. The leading role of teachers and the main role of students are unified. In the teaching process, we should not only pay full attention to teachers' teaching, but also fully mobilize students' learning enthusiasm, organically combine teachers' leading role with students' main role, and achieve good teaching results.

If in the teaching materials, on the one hand, teachers can mobilize students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning, guide students to think independently and explore actively, and act as small masters of the classroom; At the same time, on the other hand, teachers can educate and guide students in time, which embodies this law.

4. Knowledge imparting and ideological education. In the teaching process, teachers must attach importance to the ideological and moral education of students while imparting knowledge, and organically combine the two to make students develop and progress in knowledge, ability, ideology and morality.

The relationship between them is that knowledge is the foundation of ideological and moral formation, the improvement of students' ideological and moral character lays the foundation for their active learning of knowledge, and knowledge imparting is organically combined with ideological and moral education. In the materials, if a teacher carries out ideological and moral education while imparting knowledge to students, it embodies this law.

Education and the Law of Human Development

First, the order of individual physical and mental development.

Sequential emphasizes that the individual's physical and mental development is directional and sequential, and it is a process from low to high, from simple to complex, from quantitative to qualitative. Human development is irreversible and insurmountable. Teaching should be carried out in the order of students' development and step by step. Don't pull out the seedlings and encourage them, and implement the Tomb Sweeping Festival.

Second, the stage of individual physical and mental development.

The stage emphasizes that individuals at different ages show different overall characteristics and main contradictions and face different development tasks. For example, students show different characteristics in childhood, adolescence and adolescence.

Third, the imbalance of individual physical and mental development.

Imbalance emphasizes that the same aspect develops at different speeds. The development level or maturity of different aspects are not synchronized. For example, an individual's body matures first, and then his mind matures. In the first year of life and adolescence, the body develops fastest. Therefore, the teaching enlightenment to educators is that education should be carried out at the right time, and education should be carried out at the right time in the critical period or the best period of children's development.

Fourth, the complementarity of individual physical and mental development.

Complementarity emphasizes the relationship between the components of personal physical and mental development. The teaching enlightenment for educators is: combining with students' reality, we should foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, pay attention to discovering students' own advantages, promote students' individualized development, and cultivate students' self-confidence and fighting spirit.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) individual differences in physical and mental development

Individual differences exist at different levels. The teaching enlightenment to teachers is that education must teach students in accordance with their aptitude, tailor-made according to the actual characteristics of students, and carry out targeted guidance and education.