1, "Normalization"

A cultural trend of thought that originated in northern Europe in the middle of the twentieth century.

The core idea is to help everyone live a normal life. People think that isolated maintenance institutions keep many disabled people away from "mainstream life" for life, so they should return to the community from isolated institutions and schools and return to normal mainstream social life. The trend of normalization directly led to the "non-institutionalized movement"

2. "Mainstreaming"

"Back to the mainstream" is a movement of integrated education reform initiated by North American countries represented by the United States after the mid-20th century.

It advocates placing isolated special children in mainstream ordinary schools for education, emphasizing "the least restrictive environment" to meet the educational needs of special children and make them return to mainstream life, thus opening the prelude to the practice of special education integration.

3. "integration"

It was influenced by the normalization trend in the mid-20th century.

Western European countries, represented by Britain, have reorganized and merged special schools and ordinary schools, so that special education and ordinary education are integrated into one track and special children have more opportunities to enter ordinary schools and mainstream society.

4. Inclusive education

Inclusive education is an international educational trend of thought that appeared in 1990s. It emphasizes that ordinary schools accept all students to participate in learning and oppose discrimination and exclusion in education. It advocates meeting the special educational needs of all children and promoting their proper development through educational measures that adapt to different differences.

Inclusive schools mean that schools should accept all children, regardless of their physical, intellectual, social, emotional, linguistic or other conditions, so as to establish an integrated school without exclusion or discrimination.

Supplement:

Definition of students with special needs:

Broadly speaking: all students with special educational needs due to individual physical and mental characteristics (disabled students and problem students) and social and cultural background differences (weakness: language differences and regions, etc.). ).

Narrow sense: students with special educational needs due to differences in individual physical and mental characteristics. (Pay attention to disabled students)