Through the study of mental health education in primary schools, teachers should do a good job in guiding primary school students and talk about their personal experience in combination with their own work. I would like to share with you the experience of mental health education for primary school students, and welcome your reference.
Experience of mental health education for primary school students
Nowadays, with the progress of science and technology, the accelerated pace of life and the complexity of interpersonal relationships, people's ideas and concepts are constantly updated, unhealthy trends and phenomena are increasingly rampant, and the social environment is increasingly complex. All this has brought a great impact on people's minds, and also affected the campus and students. In addition, more and more only children are favored by families and society, which leads to more and more psychological problems of students. Among them, students with psychological abnormalities or even mental illness have accounted for a large proportion. It is the common responsibility of the whole society to educate students in mental health so that they can have a healthy psychology. Suhomlinski said:? The most complete social education is school? Family education. ? Family education and school education are the two most important factors that affect children's growth. It is very necessary to integrate family education and school education to form a joint force of education, which is also the main aspect of mental health education for students, especially primary school students. School education is more prominent and important. Therefore, it is particularly important for teachers to learn and master mental health knowledge. Let me talk about my own two attempts and experiences in mental health education for primary school students in the new curriculum reform:
Generally speaking, the influence of family is subtle, while school education is conscious and planned. The focus of teaching is to develop students' intelligence. If we neglect mental health education, it will not only affect students' intellectual development, but also damage their physical and mental health. As far as the burden is concerned, the physical fatigue and psychological fatigue caused by students can not be ignored, especially the latter. Long-term fatigue will cause poor eyesight, loss of appetite, pallor, high blood pressure, insomnia, melancholy, emotional anxiety, lack of self-confidence, inattention and memory loss. Seriously, it will also cause students to be insane and even commit suicide. School education should permeate mental health education into the teaching and daily management of various subjects. This puts higher demands on teachers' psychological quality and educational methods. Because different teachers have different students, teachers use everything they have to educate and influence students.
First of all, teachers themselves should be able to face the reality, be positive and optimistic, and have confidence in the future; Have the cognitive ability to be competent in teaching. Original, able to effectively and reasonably solve the difficulties and setbacks encountered in work and life; Have strong psychological adaptability and activity ability; Have a sound personality, can live in harmony with others, and have more positive attitudes (such as respect, envy, trust, praise, etc. ) more than negative attitudes (such as fear, doubt, hatred, jealousy, etc.). ). Teachers' psychological normality should be supercilious, not sentimental, moderate tolerance, passionate and rational. No matter what state teachers are in, they should show the stability of their psychological state. Teachers' own psychological endurance is much higher than that of students. What should they do? Prime minister? Open-minded, broad-minded, magnanimous, tolerant of mistakes, willing to be a ladder, like students to surpass themselves. Generous manner, dignified attitude, do not forget to be a teacher, be strict with yourself and be lenient with others. Teachers should maintain a balanced attitude towards each student, and should not be biased, sheltered, despised or indifferent to students based on their own good feelings and bad feelings. Calm in case of trouble, don't get angry casually, don't bully others; Do things fairly and reasonably, without prejudice, treat students equally, do not favor one over the other, and keep the same psychological distance from each student. Teachers themselves should also pay attention to the improvement of their own psychology in the long-term education and teaching work. If students see a teacher who can know, evaluate, supervise and control himself, who is self-respecting but not arrogant, self-respecting but not boastful, confident but not stubborn, who can correctly treat setbacks, be optimistic, respect the cause, respect others, and be consistent in words and deeds, we can imagine his position in students' minds. Pupils, in particular, are very imitative, and such teachers will definitely have a great and far-reaching impact on the mental health of pupils. Therefore, to cultivate students' healthy psychology, we teachers must first have the same healthy psychology. Teachers have healthy psychology and need good educational methods.
First, create a harmonious and pleasant material environment for education and teaching.
Give children a piece of air and let them breathe freely; Give children a green space and let them grow flowers and grass; Give children a painting wall and let them paint freely; Give children a feeding garden and let them feel the cuteness of animals. Follow children's nature and let them grow up happily. Create a beautiful, safe and comfortable material environment. If there are various outdoor venues on campus, it has the function of stimulating pupils' experiences and inducing pupils' activities and behaviors. In the activity venue, colorful equipment and materials are designed to make everything green and full of vitality. The classroom is the main activity space for primary school students, and we strive to make the room spacious, bright, warm and comfortable. The content of the layout changes with the change of educational goals and seasons. The neat and beautiful material environment arouses the primary school students' love for life, cultivates their sentiment, enriches their life, stimulates their curiosity for knowledge, and cultivates their exploration spirit and interest in life.
Second, create a democratic and harmonious spiritual environment for education and teaching.
The spiritual environment of campus education and teaching refers to the relationship between people and campus spirit, including the humanistic factors and activity space of primary school students' life, study and game.
Psychologist Suhomlinski made such a vivid and appropriate metaphor for the relationship between cognition and emotion. Emotion is like fertile land, on which the seeds of knowledge are sown. ? On the other hand, what if you leave? Emotion? This fertile land? , still can't stand it? Develop well? Fruit.
1, treat students equally and cross the old? Generation gap? .
Under the background of curriculum reform, teachers are required to change their mentality, change the condescending authoritative attitude in the past, communicate with students with a kind face and an equal and harmonious tone, and shorten the distance between teachers and students. Heart distance? . In such an atmosphere where personality is respected, emotions are understood, behaviors are encouraged and efforts are affirmed, students can fully release their potential creative energy, express their thoughts and feelings without any worries, and naturally express their doubts. The first is to create a harmonious, relaxed and happy learning environment.
A good classroom psychological environment is a powerful guarantee for high-quality teaching. Psychological research shows that a harmonious and pleasant atmosphere helps students to actively participate in classroom activities, while a tense and indifferent atmosphere will greatly inhibit students' enthusiasm for learning. How to reduce and eliminate students' psychological pressure in learning and cultivate students' good learning attitude? In teaching, teachers should play the role of a good guide, organizer and collaborator, create the best psychological atmosphere, let students experience their emotions, communicate with their hearts, accept their ideas, adjust their emotions, train their behaviors, let students fully display themselves, and let them learn well and easily. This not only enhances students' interest, confidence and courage in learning, but also cultivates their spirit of cooperation and joint exploration. When students' thinking, interests and hobbies have room for publicity, they will walk into the teacher, talk with the teacher and become friends, laying a solid foundation for the healthy development of students' psychology.
2. Teachers and students are sincere and relative, understanding and achieving growth.
Sincerity is the most important thing in interpersonal communication. You should understand others and put yourself in their shoes. As a teacher, we must show our true self in front of students, treat every student with sincere love, and let students feel authentic. Montessori said: A teacher is not only a teacher, but also a psychologist, because he wants to guide children's life and mind. ? Understanding is an important principle in developing mental health education. Adults are eager to understand, and children are more eager to understand. Many successful educational cases tell us that there is no education without understanding. Only by getting to know our students through various channels can we achieve the goal of successful education.
As a teacher and psychological counselor, it is difficult for him to work smoothly if he doesn't understand children's psychological feelings and get along with them sincerely. With the constant change and development of society, people's psychology is also changing. Social factors and family education have brought some difficulties to our education. Only by actively exploring, adapting to new situations and facing new problems can we constantly discover the latest trends of children and embark on a road of keeping pace with the times and not falling behind.
The modern education view holds that teachers should not be the masters of education and should not have the concept that authority is inviolable. Command and compulsory education is actually a soft knife, which not only denies students' rights and dignity, but also leads to students' psychological obstacles and stifles their creativity. Put down your airs, strive to create a relaxed and harmonious atmosphere, communicate with students as friends, and exchange sincerity for sincerity, so that students can truly feel that you are his friend, and then you can go deep into their inner world and let them accept your kind opinions and suggestions from the heart.
Primary school students' mental health education is not only an important part of quality education, but also an important way of quality education and a basic project in the overall structure of quality education. It can be said that without a healthy psychology, any form of quality education is out of the question.
Experience of mental health education for primary school students
2 1 century is a century full of competition. Dare to take risks, dare to explore, be good at competition, be good at cooperation and be creative are the basic requirements for talent specifications in 2 1 century. All these qualities are closely related to good psychological quality. Quality education requires students to develop morally, intellectually and physically. The development of students' quality is multifaceted, and psychological quality is not only an important part, but also a great constraint on the development of other qualities. It is both the starting point and the destination of quality education. In the article Rethinking about Quality Education, Comrade Bin Liu talked about three elements of quality education. He pointed out: "The second essence of quality education is the all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty, and the other is psychological quality and the ability to withstand setbacks. It is very important to look at social problems with what kind of mentality. " Whether a student's mental state is normal and healthy, and whether he understands and handles family relations, classmates' relations and learning problems correctly will often affect a student's learning attitude, which is an important issue related to whether a student can become a healthy person. Therefore, mental health is the premise and foundation of developing good psychological quality. On the contrary, with good psychological quality, people's mental health level will also be improved.
First of all, mental health education is the goal and core of implementing quality education.
First of all, mental health education is closely related to moral education.
Mental health education is that educators use psychological knowledge to help students correctly understand themselves and the world, adapt to society and give full play to their potential. Moral education is an activity that educators exert influence on students purposefully and systematically according to the requirements of a certain society, and cultivate students' ideological consciousness and moral quality. Both of them are educating people, and each can play a unique role, learn from each other and promote each other in the unified educational activities. Psychological education has a certain influence on moral education. Psychological education appropriately expands and perfects the goals and contents of moral education; Psychological education provides new methods and techniques for improving the effectiveness of morality; Most importantly, mental health education is conducive to updating educators' views on education and students, and has a positive impact on the whole education.
Secondly, mental health education can promote the improvement of students' cultural and scientific quality.
A study of 475 senior high school students shows that academic performance does not depend entirely on intelligence factors, and the differences among top students (whose grades are higher than IQ expectations), average students (whose grades are equal to IQ expectations) and poor students (whose grades are lower than IQ expectations) are related to personality characteristics. Excellent students have good work habits, are interested in learning, finish their homework on time, care about their academic performance, be serious and responsible and have a plan. Low achievers are self-disciplined, self-regulated, impulsive, playful, greedy for near profits, poor relations with peers, uncooperative, selfish, disrespectful of authority and tradition, not good at socializing, unhappy at school and at home, often defending themselves, resenting others, being at a loss and pessimistic about setbacks and pressures. It's normal for ordinary groups to go up and down. It can be seen that cultivating positive emotional quality, good will quality and personality characteristics can promote the improvement of scientific and cultural quality.
Third, mental health education can promote the development of physical health and physical quality.
Mental health and good psychological quality lie in a healthy body; The development of physical health and physical quality also depends on good psychological education. Psychological research shows that teenagers pay special attention to self-concept or self-consciousness, including their own image observation, concepts and opinions, their own appearance, physical strength, motor function, etc., and often compare their own image with ideal standards or peers. Comparison results, satisfaction or inferiority, if not treated correctly, will also have a negative impact on physical development. The above shows that a healthy mentality is a psychological condition for good health. Maintaining psychological health and improving psychological quality through psychological education is an important measure to provide this psychological condition.
Not only that, good psychological quality is also of great significance to the development of physical fitness and the full play of physical fitness. Whether it is the elements of physical beauty such as modeling beauty and vitality beauty, or the physical qualities such as strength, speed, endurance and agility. The development of these qualities requires corresponding psychological conditions. For example, extroverts are suitable for strong and fast activities, while introverts have strong motivation to accomplish their goals and are suitable for precise tasks. At the same time, you can develop your physical potential through the improvement of motor skills. Motor skills are acquired abilities, which are manifested in quick, accurate, fluent and skilled body movements. Motor skills contain arbitrary elements and are related to intellectual skills. Motor skills are psychogenic skills. It is neither an unconscious, reflex action, nor a simple muscle reaction like shaking your head. It is controlled by internal psychological process. Therefore, improving sports skills and giving full play to people's physical potential must rely on the cultivation of good psychological quality.
Finally, improving psychological quality through mental health education is the basis and condition for forming aesthetic quality.
As Suhomlinski said, without psychological cultivation, aesthetic cultivation is unimaginable. In addition, many excellent psychological qualities are not only the expression of inner beauty, but also the conditions for the formation and development of aesthetic quality. For example, a person can correctly understand the reality, treat problems objectively, comprehensively and fairly, face reality correctly, love study and work, give full play to his intelligence, have self-knowledge, correctly evaluate himself and behave appropriately, which are all manifestations of rational beauty. Another example is compassion, sincerity, integrity, justice, not afraid of violence, cheerful, diligent, careful, creative, supercilious, strict with self-discipline, self-confidence, modesty, self-esteem, etc. These are all manifestations of personality beauty. These excellent psychological qualities cultivated through mental health education are not only a part of spiritual beauty, but also a condition for the formation and development of aesthetic quality.
In a word, mental health education is an arduous and great project, a dynamic new topic and the core of implementing quality education.
Experience of mental health education for primary school students
I think the quality education advocated now should focus on two aspects, namely, physical quality and psychological quality. Physical quality is the material basis, while psychological quality is the spiritual basis. ? People? One is physical health, and the other is mental health. Only the former without the latter, get down; Only the latter does not have the former, lying down; Physical and mental health can support each other and stand up. What about modern society? Healthy? The concept of "health" has gone beyond the viewpoint of traditional medicine, which is not only physical and physiological health, but also mental and psychological health. The so-called mental health refers to the best functional state that individual psychological activities can achieve within their own and their environment.
The fierce competition in today's society has caused people's psychological pressure. Students live in such a social environment, facing the pressure of entering a higher school, are psychologically fragile, and their psychological depression can not be vented to some extent. Furthermore, the self-centeredness of the only child in China is becoming more and more serious. What's more, children lack a good living and educational environment because of incomplete families, such as single-parent families with divorced parents, parents who have lost their father or mother, and the phenomenon of raising children in different generations. According to the psychological investigation of the relevant departments, many primary and middle school students are psychologically abnormal, and the problems of students' weariness of learning and interpersonal communication are quite prominent. As many as 30% students have psychological problems of different degrees, such as willfulness, extreme, indifference, loneliness, selfishness, jealousy and inferiority. In recent years, psychological and behavioral errors and even crimes of primary and secondary school students have occurred from time to time, which has seriously affected students' physical and mental health and development, and also endangered families and society. Suhomlinski once said: We should care about children's life and health, their interests and happiness, and their spiritual life. ? As far as the current situation is concerned, it is particularly important to carry out mental health education for students. I pay attention to cultivating students' good psychological quality in education and teaching, and have the following experience in mental health education for primary school students.
First of all, we should pay attention to cultivating students' self-confidence.
A person without self-confidence can't overcome difficulties and go forward bravely. Therefore, good self-confidence is very necessary for a person to achieve his career. So, how to cultivate the self-confidence of primary school students?
1. Celebrities should learn from themselves, set an example and cultivate self-confidence.
As we all know, Einstein is a great scientist, but many people don't know that he was a great scientist in primary school. Stupid kid? . Once, the teacher asked each student to make a small bench. When he took out his bench, the students laughed loudly. He told everyone that this disgraceful bench is the fifth one he has made, and the first few are even worse than this one. Obviously, little Einstein has a confident attitude. He believes he can do well on the bench. In fact, he does better every time. It is this self-confidence that enabled him to keep climbing on the road of science and finally achieve fruitful results. I tell this story to students, so that students can correctly understand their potential and believe that they will succeed through hard work.
2. Challenge yourself in sports and cultivate self-confidence.
There are many ways for students to exercise. I usually adopt the following methods: First, let students organize their own classes and team activities. From the content of class activities, the determination of program host, the creation of host words, the arrangement of activities to the summary, teachers do not participate, and students can make their own decisions. In this way, every student's potential can be brought into play, so that he is full of confidence in himself; The second is to implement the rotation system of class committees so that every student can be fooled? Manager? Opportunity. The traditional fixed class Committee system makes most students think that they can't be cadres, and they can't be class cadres well, which leads to inferiority complex. Implement the rotating class committee system, so that every student can become a class cadre and participate in class affairs management. Practice has proved that as long as each student is provided with a stage, they can become excellent class cadres. Third, teachers had better not interfere in what students are assigned to do. We often see this phenomenon: when cleaning, some teachers often help students even sweep the floor, clean the table and clean the windows; When running a blackboard newspaper, some teachers often help students design, typeset, draw headlines, write calligraphy and so on. Are they worried about pupils? Small? Doing things badly and doing things by hand just missed many students' opportunities to exercise. I try to avoid this practice in my work. As a result, Qi Xin, a classmate, made concerted efforts. Some went to look for relevant information on the blackboard newspaper, some drew and some wrote, and the students were in high spirits. The blackboard newspaper was soon completed. Practice has proved that as long as students are allowed to do it, they will do better and better, and students will constantly enhance their self-confidence in exercise.
3. Feel self-cultivation and self-confidence in the collective life.
It is a very important job to cultivate students' sense of collective honor. Let every student know that I am a member of the group, then they will consciously cherish the group and always want to win glory for the class. We should lose no time in collectivism education. Whenever the class gets a little honor in the activities organized by the school, I will let the students know that this honor is hard-won, and it embodies the hard work and sweat of every student in the class. We should also carry out regular patriotic education. Educate students from an early age to love the motherland and let them know that our class is a small molecule of the motherland. If you love your country, you have to love our class. Usually, we should start from small things and strengthen the sense of collective honor. It turns out that the cleaning of classrooms and clean areas requires teachers' supervision, and some students even evade labor tasks. Several naughty students in the class often bring snacks to school and then throw them away. Since I made them health assistants in schools and classes, they have become more and more self-motivated and their bad habits have disappeared. Influenced by them, students know that they are part of the class collective, so they should consciously safeguard the collective and complete their own labor tasks. Now when the teacher is away, students can clean up carefully, and the health work in the class is often praised by the school. Students not only don't throw their own things around, but also pay attention to the surrounding environment and supervise others to prevent damage to the surrounding environment.
Second, create an environment conducive to the healthy development of students' mental health
1. Create a beautiful campus environment.
School is students' second home, and students receive education from school unconsciously. Therefore, what can an elegant, clean, civilized and comfortable campus environment give students? Moisturize things silently? Good psychological influence. Have any schools tried? Create a scholarly campus? In terms of activities, the teachers and students of the whole school use their spare time to carry out a series of cultural activities such as reading classics, writing reading notes, making beautiful bookmarks and holding reading posters; Some schools have painting and calligraphy galleries, famous sayings and aphorisms, school mottos and various publicity windows on campus, which will give students beautiful enjoyment and rational thinking. In addition, most campuses are now full of flowers and green grass. These natural and humanistic landscapes touch students' senses all the time, which makes them influenced by beauty and morality, educated in pleasure and consciously form a positive attitude.
2. Create educational situations to promote the optimization of students' psychological quality.
At present, the psychological and behavioral problems of teenagers are increasing day by day, and human psychology and behavior are inseparable. Good behavior habits are dominated by good psychological quality, and at the same time, good behavior habits can be internalized and accumulated into certain psychological quality. Therefore, mental health education in schools is not a simple oral sermon, but should create various situations to encourage students to experience, know, educate and control themselves in action, form good behavior habits and form certain psychological quality. For example, some students now have poor self-control, bad temper and strong rebellious mentality. There is a dustbin in the classroom, so he throws the rubbish out of the window. When he saw the bottles and jars, he insisted on stepping and kicking with his feet, picking and trampling on flowers and plants at will. In order to change this bad habit, can schools carry out it? What you left behind was rubbish, and what you picked up was quality? Activities, and put environmental protection trash cans in every corner of the campus. The trash cans are polished as bright as new every day, and the boards are erected in the flower beds. Write? Please take care of us! ? Waiting for entreaties will help students not have the heart to destroy and change bad habits in the past. Only with healthy and good psychological quality can we show the best behavior effect. Therefore, creating various situations and suggesting through psychological cognition can cultivate students' healthy psychological quality and promote their good behavior habits.
Thirdly, mental health education should be permeated into the whole teaching process.
The content of mental health education is integrated into subject teaching, and students can receive mental health education in the process of mastering subject knowledge through the organic combination of the two. Several problems in mental health education in subject teaching;
1. Pay attention to excavating the contents of psychological education in subject textbooks.
Whether in the sense of psychology or pedagogy, subject teaching is a process of exerting influence on students' psychological development. In teaching, I pay attention to excavating and organizing the learning content that has an important influence on students' psychology, so that it can subtly influence students' minds in the teaching process and make the subject teaching process get twice the result with half the effort. I used to be a Chinese teacher and head teacher in grade five. All the students come from the urban-rural fringe and rural areas. Due to the influence of living environment, students' organizational discipline is not strong. In order to strengthen organizational discipline, when I teach my comrade Qiu, I inspire students to talk about their own experiences in combination with the actual situation in schools and other public places, so that they can realize their shortcomings and the importance of discipline. Since then, many students can consciously abide by discipline and boldly stop violations.
2. Create a good classroom psychological education environment.
Psychologist Rogers tells us that creating a good teaching atmosphere is the premise of ensuring effective teaching, and creating a good atmosphere is based on good interpersonal relationships. ? Suhomlinski once said: You are facing the extremely fragile and vulnerable hearts of children. Learning in school is not about putting the knowledge in one mind into another without enthusiasm, but there is always spiritual contact between teachers and students. ? It can be seen that the key to the success of psychological education in subject teaching lies in the psychological fit between educators and educatees. Therefore, it is very important to build a harmonious and good classroom psychological education environment. Teachers should put down their airs, treat every student harmoniously and equally, respect their personality, treat them as their friends, and let students really accept you psychologically. Only in this way, can teachers be qualified to be the guides and inducers of students' learning process. Students should also be allowed to have different opinions and criticize teachers. On the basis of emotional compatibility, create a free and equal psychological atmosphere. At the same time, we should pay special attention to students with learning difficulties. We should not only strive to improve their academic performance, but also pay attention to analyzing the psychological causes of learning difficulties and giving guidance.
3. Pay attention to the design of subject teaching activities.
Students' psychology develops in activities. Teachers should carefully design the teaching of each subject, mobilize students to actively participate in the whole teaching process, and give every student an opportunity to show himself as much as possible, so that students' psychological quality can be cultivated and improved in the teaching process. Classroom teaching activities should integrate mental health education into interesting activities according to the laws of physical and mental development and age characteristics of primary school students, and the design of activities should be diversified. Different forms of activities can be designed according to the different psychological counseling contents and age characteristics of primary school students, such as roles, games, sketch performances, story telling, guessing, discussion, cultural and sports activities, etc. Every activity should be designed to achieve at least one clear psychological counseling goal. Through these interesting psychological counseling activities, students gradually realize the importance of mental health and the methods of self-mental health care.