First, the basic situation of migrant workers (business).
Nanjing is a concentrated place where farmers in Renqiao Town, Guzhen County manage beef and mutton. At present, there are more than 70 households in Guzhen dealing in beef and mutton in Nanjing, with an average of 20 people per household, and more than 1 10,000 people directly transferred to their hometown. Fixed sales stalls are spread all over the major vegetable markets in the eight districts of Nanjing, with an average daily sales of more than 500,000 yuan, accounting for nearly 97% of the wholesale share of beef and mutton in Nanjing. It is quite famous in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong and Henan, and is called "Guzhen Beef and Mutton". The popularity of the beef and mutton sales market in Nanjing has enabled a considerable number of business owners to get rich first, buy real estate in Nanjing, and truly integrate into Nanjing from their work and life. At the same time, it also promoted the rapid development of beef cattle and mutton sheep breeding and slaughtering industry in hometown, and became an important source of farmers' income. The reason why Nanjing beef and mutton business households can gain a firm foothold and continue to grow and develop is because they are highly organized. With the support of the county and township governments, they established chambers of commerce and party organizations, and set up a debt settlement coordination group, which gave beef and mutton operators a backbone; Secondly, there are a group of capable people who are willing to bear hardships and suffer losses. Because of their selfless dedication, they won everyone's trust, United and condensed people's hearts and formed an indestructible force; Third, Nanjing's superior policies, business environment and social environment make them feel at home.
Fengxian District of Shanghai is a place where migrant workers are concentrated in Huaiyuan County. Nearly 1000 people work there. Most of them are accompanied by fellow villagers and the degree of organization is low. Basically, they are all between the ages of 20 and 40, mainly junior high school graduates. After years of hard work and hard study, some of them have become skilled operators, and a few have become technical backbones or entered enterprise management, with an average monthly salary of about 1000 yuan. According to the survey, they are quite adapted to the local policies, society and living environment, and some migrant workers have become home there and lived a relatively stable life.
Yuhuan, Zhejiang is a famous manufacturing base and a gathering place for migrant workers. There are more than 1000 migrant workers in Yuhuan, Guzhen, mainly going out spontaneously or through relatives and friends. Their age is basically between 20 and 50. Most of them have lower education level than junior high school and lower labor skills. Their monthly salary ranges from the minimum wage guarantee line (560 yuan) to 1500 yuan, with an average of 65,440 yuan. The survey shows that most migrant workers are satisfied with their work, life, income and rights protection.
Second, the local government's policies on migrant workers
Whether in Shanghai, Nanjing or Yuhuan, Zhejiang, the education, service and use of migrant workers are very concerned, especially in work, life and rights protection. The government has taken corresponding measures and issued relevant policies, and achieved certain results. Mainly: 1, there is a strong atmosphere of paying attention to the work and life of migrant workers and safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests. The government has set up a coordinating body for the management, education and rights protection of floating population, strengthened the management and education of floating population, and actively safeguarded their legitimate rights and interests. In particular, we should pay attention to borrowing the power of the news media, comprehensively publicize and report the significance and experience of scientific management, education according to law and safeguarding the rights and interests of foreign personnel, and create a good social atmosphere. 2. Actively promote humanized management mode and change "strangers" into "family members". Humanized management of migrant workers has reduced comments and behaviors that discriminate against migrant workers. For example, Shanghai insists on people-oriented, changing the floating population management office into the population control and development office, and changing management into service. Shanghai Fengxian District Government provides monthly rent for collective apartments in 50 yuan for migrant workers, and has set up judicial offices in each residential area to provide legal aid to migrant workers. Nanjing provides migrant workers with the same services as local residents in terms of household registration, employment, business and public entertainment. Yuhuan county government has also invested in the "Xinmin Project" to gradually solve the poor living conditions of migrant workers, and to enhance their legal awareness and rights protection awareness by setting up night schools for popularizing law. 3. Improve the mechanism and actively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers. For example, in September 2004, Nanjing formulated and promulgated the Opinions on Safeguarding the Legal Rights and Interests of Migrant Workers, which provided a policy and legal basis for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers. Yuhuan county has established a wage guarantee system for migrant workers. According to the survey, there is basically no wage arrears. Shanghai issued the comprehensive insurance policy for migrant workers in April 2005, requiring enterprises to pay 172 yuan comprehensive insurance (including medical insurance, industrial injury insurance and unemployment insurance) for their employees every month, so that migrant workers can enjoy the same treatment as local workers. In view of the difficulty in schooling for the children of migrant workers, Nanjing has formulated the Interim Measures for the Children of Floating Population to Receive Compulsory Education. At present, there are about 25,500 students in compulsory education in public schools, accounting for 65% of the total number of children of migrant workers. The governments of Fengxian District, Shanghai and Yuhuan County, Zhejiang Province rationally allocated resources and allowed foreigners to set up private schools, thus solving the problem of children of migrant workers entering schools. In addition, all the above-mentioned places have actively mobilized migrant workers to join trade unions, especially the Nanjing Federation of Trade Unions has established service stations at all levels to safeguard the rights and interests of migrant workers, and the work of safeguarding rights has been carried out in depth.
Three, the current outstanding problems in the work, life and rights protection of migrant workers.
Although some effective measures have been taken and a lot of work has been done to solve the work and life difficulties of migrant workers and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, migrant workers are still in the fringe of urban and rural areas. Their specific identity and occupation determine that they still belong to the social vulnerable groups, and there are still many problems in their work, life and the protection of their legitimate rights and interests.
Through investigation, it is found that the current migrant workers in our city generally have the characteristics of "three lows, one difference and one big". "Three lows" means low educational level, low technical skills and low income level. "One difference" means poor working and living environment. A considerable number of migrant workers without skills can only do hard, dirty, dangerous and tiring work, with long working hours and low wages. In terms of living conditions, migrant workers with skills, stable jobs and high incomes basically rent houses, and the environment and conditions are slightly better. Low-income migrant workers can only live in simple houses or sheds, with poor sanitary conditions and basically no amateur entertainment. The "first big" is high mobility. Some migrant workers often change their work units or work seasonally because of business conditions, seasonal changes and irregular operation of employers.
In the survey, the outstanding problems reflected by migrant workers mainly include the following five aspects: First, the signing rate of labor contracts is low, and the employment and labor management of enterprises are still not standardized. Second, the wage level is low, and the wages of a considerable number of migrant workers are close to the minimum guarantee line. Although there are few cases of deduction and arrears of wages, there are great differences in overtime subsidies. Third, there is a general lack of basic social insurance, and only a few enterprises with better economic benefits and higher income participate in the insurance. Fourth, labor safety and health conditions are poor, labor intensity is high, and life safety and physical health are still threatened. Fifth, children's right to receive compulsory education cannot be fully guaranteed. Even if some children attend public or private schools, the quality of education is difficult to guarantee because of poor teaching facilities, few teaching materials and weak teachers.
Fourth, further protect the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers.
Effectively protecting the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers is the main problem faced by the government and relevant departments, and it is also an inevitable requirement for building a harmonious society. To this end, it is suggested that:
1, attach importance to the construction of labor export base and improve the organization of labor export. Facts have proved that the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers exported by organizations can basically be guaranteed, and "stragglers" are often the objects whose rights and interests are violated. Therefore, it is necessary to further strengthen the construction of labor export bases in counties and townships, strive to improve the degree of organization of labor export, and implement orderly flow, so as to truly ensure that the output is organized, the flow is orderly, the destination is archived, the income is guaranteed, and the rights and interests are guaranteed.
2. Strengthen pre-export training to improve the comprehensive quality of migrant workers. While paying attention to the vocational skills training of migrant workers, we should give them special training in laws, regulations, policies and common sense of urban life, enhance their awareness of safety, health, law-abiding and rights protection, so that migrant workers can have corresponding comprehensive quality, pay attention to their good image, develop healthy living habits that adapt to the local environment as soon as possible, and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests with corresponding legal and policy knowledge.
3. Actively explore, establish and improve relevant organizations, and enhance the self-management and rights protection capabilities of migrant workers. First, learn from the successful experience of other countries, and establish a federation of migrant workers' trade unions. The Federation of Migrant Workers' Trade Unions is a new trade union organization that integrates the trade union work of migrant workers' exporting and importing places. Its main feature is that trade unions implement cross-regional two-way management and two-way rights protection. By establishing and perfecting the trade union organization of migrant workers, more migrant workers are mobilized to join the trade union organization, so that the legitimate rights and interests of the vast number of migrant workers are guaranteed. Second, temporary party organizations should be established in places where migrant workers are concentrated, so that as long as there is party member, there will be party organizations, so that migrant workers in party member can "leave their homes, organize and flow". Carefully select migrant workers with strong ability, high prestige and dedication as leaders of party organizations, pay attention to strengthening the construction of party organizations, and constantly enhance the cohesion of party organizations, so that party organizations can become a bridge between migrant workers and export, import and enterprises, and become the reliance and backbone of migrant workers.
4, learn from the successful experience of other places, strengthen the management and service of migrant workers in our city. With the steady progress of urban economic construction, the number of foreign workers coming to work in our city will increase year by year. Create a favorable legal, policy and institutional environment for farmers to work in cities and protect their legitimate rights and interests. First, it is necessary to put the research and solution of the problem of migrant workers on the important agenda, and truly incorporate the contents related to urban economic and social development such as promoting the orderly transfer of rural labor force to cities and towns and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers into the overall economic and social development plan; The second is to set up a population control and development office to specifically perform the management and service functions for migrant workers. Establish a multi-sectoral joint meeting system, formulate plans, introduce policies, and coordinate and solve related problems; Third, on the basis of careful investigation and reference to foreign experience, timely study and formulate the "Opinions on Safeguarding the Legal Rights and Interests of Migrant Workers" to provide a policy and legal basis for effectively protecting the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers.