In the 30th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1904), China Jinshi ushered in the Chen Jia Cohen exam. At that time, they never imagined that this was the last time in the history of China. The following year, 1905, the imperial examination system was abolished by the imperial edict of the Qing court.
Chen Jia Cohen will try three exams, with a total of 13 questions.
The first act, five historical essays:
"The Zhou and Tang dynasties valued the outside but ignored the inside, while the Qin and Wei dynasties valued the outside but ignored the inside";
"Jia Yi five baits three tables theory, Ban Gu despise its thin. However, Qin Mugong wants to dominate Xirong, and the theory of the Bank of China is also a warning, and its theory is not invalid. "
"Zhuge Liang used his skills without his heart to apply for business, and Wang Anshi used his business to avoid his name";
"The Prime Minister of Pei Du should recruit talented people and hire aides to welcome guests privately";
The Northern Song Dynasty made Jin Yu, and the Southern Song Dynasty helped Yuan attack Cai.
(Title 1, Fan Zhen, Title 2, Pingrong, Title 3, Juxian, Title 4, Reform, Title 5) (Facts, viewpoints and arguments in ancient and modern China and abroad, so it is called historical theory).
In the second game, I took an examination of the five policies of politics and art in various countries.
1, "The school has three purposes, so what about Tao? Cultivate talents and revitalize industries. If people can't stand on their own feet, they must learn to teach, so that everyone has good virtues, loyal heart, self-reliance skills and necessary knowledge, which are shared by all countries, and Japan pays special attention to the spirit of martial arts. This is also an education for the citizens of Tao Zhu. Emphasis on politics, law, financial management, diplomacy and other majors to prepare for the post, which is also the education of cultivating talents. Agriculture, industry, commerce and mining education are set up separately for the sake of enriching the country and benefiting the people, and will also revitalize industry. Which of the three is the most urgent policy. "
2. "Taixi's foreign policy often gains benefits in the name of preserving land. Give a history of nearly a hundred years to prove its strategy. "
3. "At the beginning of Japan's political reform, the country became stronger by employing westerners, while Egypt used more than a thousand foreigners, thus losing its financial judgment and the country was devastated. Try to explain its advantages and disadvantages. "
4. "Zhou Liyan's agricultural policy is the most detailed, and all scholars have knowledge of farming. In recent years, many countries have studied agricultural affairs and transferred climate through personnel. They should attach importance to land, capital and labor, and they can make good use of them to gain real knowledge. Fang Ming's academic system is now listed as an expert, hoping to preserve the legacy of important skills. Try Chen Jiaonong's strategy. "
5. "The United States has long banned China workers. At the end of this decade, it is urgent to invoke public law to refute the original agreement with a view to protecting overseas Chinese. "
This kind of question is enough for the exam now, and not many people can answer it.
The third scene, the meaning of the Four Books and Five Classics.
The first topic is: "The way of a university is to be well-known, to be close to the people, and to stop at perfection and righteousness".
The second title is: "Neutrality and justice are powerful and correct."
The third article is entitled: "to the people of the world, to gather the wealth of the world, and to retreat from the transaction, each has its own meaning."
(Great spirit, great degree, apply what you have learned)
During the China Imperial Examination 1300 years, there were many articles written by top scholars, but most of them were lost after the abolition of the imperial examination system. Especially in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the loss of examination questions and compositions was the most serious. As Shang, the last flower explorer in China, said, these compositions are "bookkeepers are not important, bibliographies are not valued, and libraries do not accept them".
Because there are not many existences, there are fewer essays by top ancient scholars that can be seen by the outside world.
Here, the composition of Liu Chunlin, the last champion, and the comments given by the examiner are fully disclosed as follows-
(5 lanes in total)
Liu Chunlin, the last champion in the history of China.
1. The Zhou and Tang Dynasties valued the outside while the Qin and Wei dynasties valued the outside, each with its own gains and losses.
If the world suffers from impermanence, only those who are good at seeking the country can standardize the general trend of the world and adjust the current situation to handle affairs, so as to control their bias, and if they remain unchanged, they will be doomed. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, every time we learned from the gains and losses of the previous generation, we had to make a system, which was forced by the times and forced to keep our children and grandchildren in peace forever. The heir of the world, I don't know when it changes, following the famine, holding on without thinking, wanting to suffer and losing, can't get it. I have tasted history before, the internal and external weight of dynasties, the reasons for gains and losses, and the reasons. The husband and son of heaven founded the country, controlled the country from the central government, and generally dominated the world according to the shape, but manipulated the advance and retreat to protect themselves. It is precisely because the four parties follow the track without coveting it that the central authorities are decentralized. Over time, there will inevitably be the problem of arrogance and arrogance, and generation after generation will call the shots. But if the country doesn't sign in all directions, the court will be isolated and helpless, and it must be a traitor. Not since this time. Last week, there was a world in which princes broke ground to defend Qiang Bing, while those who defended the city were surrounded by stars and rings. Decline and decline, Zhou kept the government, but it lasted for more than 500 years. He never usurped power and was afraid of his ministers. However, since the Spring and Autumn Period, it has fallen into the Warring States period, and the governors are unrestrained and their interests are unclear. The son of heaven was famous all over the world and died in Qin. In the Tang Dynasty, there was a system of the world, with officials and soldiers, provincial capitals and powerful forces in the world. The bandits of Turkic Tubo and the rebellion of Tianbao Lingwu all supported the wings of foreign soldiers and did not die suddenly. That is to say, Chou Shiliang's violence shows its meaning, but it is too scary to repeat it, and its system is good. However, since the history of An 'an, the buffer region has been good to the outside world, more obedient, and even United against the emperor. The chaos of the clouds, at the end of the Tang Dynasty, was an incurable disaster. All this is external and internal, and its losses are too great for the court to control. Qin Shihuang punished the weekend, captured famous cities, killed Hao Jun, and collected soldiers from all over the world, thinking that the world would last forever. But without loyal ministers, Zhao Gaoyi is corrupt, and he can hold a big handle and play with obedient teenagers. The world is too familiar to check. There are also followers of Bobby Chen and Guangwu, who enthusiastically shout that the world is full of power. Wei Wendi invaded the vassals, also concealed their defenses, and helped the officials who supervised the country to look after them, so it was impossible to create chaos. However, after passing it on, it was very weak, and Sima and his son grabbed its arm. In addition, the loss is due to the lack of foreign aid at home, so both sides dare to ignore it. And not just Zhou, Tang, Qin and. There were nine cases in which the Han family punished the evil of Qin, and made friends with princes widely, and did not immediately follow suit, and there were seven cases in which the country changed. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty left the big country and his branches and leaves weakened. Soon Wang Mang rose and moved to the Han Dynasty. Song Dynasty punished the chaos of Tang Dynasty, Ji Dynasty and Five Dynasties, released the military power by drinking wine, used civil servants to soften the country, and died in Jingkang. The Ming dynasty punished the weakness of the Song dynasty, and the national seal supported the ordinary, but the teacher in trouble suddenly got up and could not be saved. If these people are all so-called more punishments to gain their own advantages, the disaster will be endless and unsolvable. Although at the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, it is impossible to look back on the future harm and prevent it before it happens. To prevent one kind of harm, there must be another kind of harm, and this kind of harm is out of prevention. However, the heirs should think deeply, understand the general trend of the world, stick to it according to the changes of the times, so that the harm will not take shape and the situation will turn for the better, and the world will have long-term stability and no worries of overturning. Otherwise, if King Wuyi of Zhou went to court, you moved to the east, Wu Qin II abused him, Wei Wu Wang Qi was in the dark, and Tang Wu Dade Zongzong appeased, the disaster might not be abrupt. Jia Sheng has a saying that a gentleman is the ancient concept of the country, the experience of today's people, the participation of personnel, the theory of ups and downs, the right to be appropriate, to go in an orderly manner, to change sometimes, the country is long-lasting. If the weakness of the four dynasties is attributed to the poor founding system of the ancestors, then there is no harm in the world.
2. Jia Yi's theory of "five baits and three tables" was ridiculed by Ban Gu, but Qin Mugong tried to use it to dominate Xirong. The theory of "Bank of China" also used it to guard against Khan, which was not invalid.
I have read Jia Yi's new book, and I have seen him write to Wendi. Please say that the official of the country is the master of Xiongnu, that he is the neck of Khan, and tried to kill him. His so-called "three views" are love, skill, benevolence, sincerity, loyalty, true love, commitment and ten deaths, and he came. As for the so-called five baits, they only entertain the eyes, ears, mouth and stomach to lose their minds. Whoo-hoo, if you look at it three times, you won't lose the purpose of the holy king's softness. If you have five baits, you can't blame them for being clumsy. Husband, son of heaven and son of heaven control the Baiyue foreigners in midsummer, and each has his own way to strengthen the country and benefit the people. People who are good at governing the country may not be able to win the enemy's victory, but they may not be able to win either. If they keep powerful neighbors and enemies from committing crimes, then the world will be safe. If you guide people in * * * and take advantage of it, this so-called wisdom is not the plan for the king to strengthen himself. When reading Jia Yi's Hanshu, I started from the theory of "five baits and three tables" and was deeply despised to warn future generations. Therefore, I sigh that the book of the class is the most refined and its knowledge is the farthest. Or, in those days, Qin Mugong suffered from wise men as ministers, but left Rong Wang as a woman to enjoy the 28 th, spared his ministers, and monopolized Xirong as a pawn. Khan is a hero, collecting food and saying "be careful" in China Bank. Now Khan is a vulgar hero, and there are no more than two things in China, so the Huns will all be returned to Han. Holding is based on the concept of friendship, not invalid. However, I think that Mu Gong's hegemony is in the process of perfecting the national politics, and diplomatic skills are not suitable under the condition of stable national situation. At that time, deception prevailed in the world, and Qin was in the middle of Rong Di, so it was possible to take advantage for a while. If the Huns were in the Han Dynasty, even the heroes were weak. He ye, the Huns are in the north. They are fierce and angry. Their custom is not unique, it is out of nature. Suppose that the Han Dynasty did not seek to protect itself against the enemy, but only did good things to exhaust the country, lest the property be exhausted and the bandits in the border counties plunder it. In other words, in the civilized countries of later generations, there are people who drown their minds by introducing exotic goods with strange skills and cunning, but lose their ambitions. Why can't Han apply them to Huns? Yue, this is an opportunity for civilization to evolve. If you are good at something, you must be brilliant. If you are brilliant, you must learn from them. Husband makes the whole nation learn civilization, which is enough to increase national strength. The civilization of Han Dynasty is beyond the reach of Huns. Wei Xiaowen's career is not difficult to see in the world of the Western Han Dynasty. It is not enough to make his country rich and strong just by loving heroes and things and gradually seeking articles, rituals and music. So I call it the way to resist aggression, but we should try our best to make the country as solid as a rock and as blazing as a fire, so that Khan can fly far away without being surprised by the dust. If Jia Sheng says, although it is effective, it is not enough to take. This class is doing well.
3. Zhuge Liang used his skills without the heart of a merchant, while Wang Anshi used the business of a merchant to remain anonymous.
There is nothing worse in the world than being powerless in the current situation. The country is exhausted, at home and abroad, and the situation is in jeopardy. However, if the ruling and opposition parties are busy and have no impact, then relaxed people will not be able to recover and eventually save the world. Although practicing business and Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, those who are worthy of the times and are good at serving the country will not dare to follow scruples, causing the world to suffer. Such as violent drugs, although not for health, it is difficult to get up when you are seriously ill. After Zhuge Wuhou inherited Liu Zhang and Wang suffered from the decline of the Northern Song Dynasty, they all said that they were sickly and relaxed, and they could not be cured unless they applied for starting a business. The marquis of Wu, on the other hand, used it to gain a sense of rank among the officials and the people. Jing Gong, poisoning the world, has been criticized so far. He Zai and Wu Hou have no mind to apply for business, but use their own skills and skills to apply for business, just keeping their names secret. Why is it natural to know? Historically, Wu Hou was honest, fair, loyal and profitable. Those who were enemies were rewarded and those who violated the law were punished. He also said that those who fear and love in the end, in the territory of the country, although the punishment is harsh and there is no complaint, admonish them with their intentions. However, in the future, those who govern the country must first have the heart of a warrior, and then they can apply for business. If they steal it, they will be cruel and despicable. Wang has the ambition to change the world and customs, and is deeply aware that the world is covered by customs. If he doesn't enforce the law resolutely, he will be scratched by the group discussion. He also thinks that the knowledge of applying for business is not enough to convince the government and the public, but he denies his name, but he believes in Zhou Li. However, Gong Jing did not misunderstand Zhou Li, but attached it to Zhou Li's ear. Therefore, it is untrue to say that Zhou Li belongs to it. If you don't know the officials of the imperial court, you will be denounced as the law of applying for business, but because you trust the former king's government to keep his mouth shut and the pawn attackers will attack themselves, you can't hide anything. You are committed to winning with your own emotions, advancing with your own people, rejecting people who are different from you, and letting the villains find ways to cater to them. The new law is suitable for poisoning the world and making it a great shame. Ha ha. Administration is inhuman, although there are good laws and good intentions, but it is enough to harm people. Therefore, Cheng Zi said, it means to be close to your toes, and then you can be the law of Zhou Guan. Wu Wuhou and Gong Jing are far apart in technology, but their success or failure is extremely uncertain, not only because of their different ideas, but also because of their experiences. The marquis of Wu was rich in talent, Jin Wengong was rich in gentleman, and Jin Wengong was rich in verbal attack. However, this is not only the misfortune of Jing Gong, but also the misfortune of Song Dynasty.
This school has three purposes. Therefore, Tao Zhu's citizens, talents and industries will be revitalized. If people can't stand on their own feet, they should learn to teach, so that everyone can have the skills and necessary knowledge of kindness, loyalty and self-reliance. Tao Zhu attaches great importance to the spirit of Wushu and the education of citizens. Focus on politics, law, financial management, diplomacy, etc. This is also a kind of education to cultivate talents. Education in agriculture, industry, commerce and mining is also set up separately to enrich the country and benefit the people. Which is the most urgent policy?
There are dozens of people around the earth and the country, and the number of their ups and downs is endless. The Great Plains must start with education, so schools are equally important to all countries. The school has three major purposes: to promote the citizens of Tao Zhu, to train talents and to revitalize industry, and the three cannot be neglected. Scholars must consider the nature of their own country and think it is the most important thing. In today's China, because of its weakness, if it wants to compete with foreign powers by studying war, it must take Tao Zhu citizens as its first priority. What? If the national qualification is unqualified, then the country cannot be established. Although talented, it can be used by me and others. Although there is an industry, it can be owned by me or by others. The so-called citizens have the virtues of kindness, loyalty and love, the ability to stand on their own feet and the necessary knowledge. Understand the relationship between the body and the country, the obligation to the country, dare not to be selfish with a body for the country, dare not to be unique to the country with a body. Anyone who is an enemy of the country, although there are sages, will do their best to resist. As for the powder body, he will never regret it and will not give it to others at the expense of his hair. With this qualification, we will become the people of the whole country. Although there are strong neighbors, they will seize their anger, and if they dare to commit their crimes, talents will flourish and industry will flourish. Because China values literature over martial arts, his people are weak and lazy, and he does not seek personal gain. He has no virtue of kindness, regards state affairs as his own business, has no loyalty and love, specializes in benefit sharing, has no skill of self-reliance, and knows nothing in the end. Those who know a little about foreign languages and are used to it will listen to others. It is not difficult to train talents and revitalize industries. Fang wants to build a school today for the sake of prosperity. It is not enough to save his accumulated habits without encouraging his unique spirit. Japan and I are in East Asia, and its disadvantages are similar. Today's Japan, second only to the great powers, also attaches great importance to martial arts. There is a shortage of talents now. Political laxity, complicated laws, financial exhaustion and diplomatic mistakes make it imperative to set up a special department to reserve talents. However, stealing means talent, and ordinary politics cannot be good. In any case, if one person repairs it and hundreds of people shave it, it will inevitably fail. In ancient times, the country was founded only by two or three heroes. Today's founding depends on the citizens of the whole country. Otherwise, 1 million stupid people are called nobody, in order to compete with civilized powers. Although there are heroes, how can we be caught off guard? As for the industry and agriculture, stick to the rules, take advantage of commercial mines, and see outsiders. China is hard-working, rich in resources, and should find another way to get rich, especially to serve in a down-to-earth manner. However, if you are prosperous, you must recruit foreign stocks, create profits and invest in others. None of them have any unique qualities, so the benefits are not prosperous, but harmful. So if you look at it, you will develop a complete national, and then the talents will be our talents. The talents and industries of other countries will be our industries, not foreign industries. That's what Fukuzawa Yukichi, a Japanese educator, meant when he tried to take the word independent self-esteem as the biggest educational program.
Yes
5. Be neutral and fair, be strong and correct.
Since ancient times, the rule of emperors and the way of sages are nothing more than one China. Those in the middle, those who should be regarded as the world standard. However, in the crowd, the rate is respectful and cannot stand on its own feet. However, a hero, an extraordinary person, can't help but be restrained and can't return to the big and medium. In other words, if you are in the middle, but the pawn can't last forever and consistently, then the customs will be tired. Only a gentleman can get rid of the fatigue of material desires, but he is self-sustaining and commendable. The master's answer to Lutz's question is powerful, while the return to the gentleman is neutral and fair, powerful and correct. Believe in it, it can be strong. Moreover, I have seen the changes of the world, so many people scratch my neutrality. When an ordinary person encounters difficulties, he must first rely on the word "near right" as a plan to incite people. A less knowledgeable person may know his stupidity and stand on his own feet without falling into his trap. If you are here, you will find huge swindlers and traitors, people who are unique in resisting each other, people who attack each other and make their own plans, and people who suit their own views, then you won't feel that you are willing to follow them without doubt. The potential flame became, the followers became countless, and the plot gradually exposed. What's even more ridiculous? At this point, although I am conscious and angry, I regret it. It's common to eat your navel when you lose your virginity. Since ancient times, loyal people can't stand neutrals, and so often. A gentleman, on the other hand, has enough knowledge to distinguish between right and wrong in the world and burns like black and white. Its strength is enough to take measures against the trend, and it is as unshakable as a pillar. When the world is in the autumn of ignorance, it is extraordinary to cherish eternal suffering. I worked my ass off and died, and then the whole world took the lead, got up, robbed them of their introduction, and talked about it in succession. And those who are curious and sophistry, when thinking about taking the opportunity to betray the country, rely on the words of a gentleman to protect the country and save the world. And this gentleman here is in the middle, if nothing is different from ordinary people. When his heresy was defeated, he killed the whole world, and the gentleman did not suffer. Times have changed, the world has changed, and you put on Li Zhuo, which makes you feel very calm. The world is amazed and laments its magic, but I'm not sure what it sets is so solid. A husband can only rely on a few candles. First, he has a certain determination to stay out of it, and then sweet words are not enough to lure him, group doubts are not enough to move him, tactics are not enough to make mistakes, and financial interests are not enough to annoy him. To be original, it is also possible to win selfish desires. Therefore, self-victory is powerful.
Liu Chunlin took three exams. After three exams, the examiner was very surprised after reading Liu Chunlin's composition, and gave comments respectively. It was the examiner who strongly recommended Liu Chunlin to the court as "the last person in the first group".
The original recommendation of this house:
The first lecture is about ancient learning, deep thinking, clear and correct brushwork, troubles in all directions, and heartfelt changes.
The second act is familiar with foreign situations, eloquent and thorough.
The third discussion is about galloping the battlefield, and you are now in the ancient Han Dynasty.
Civilization hall of the original batch:
The first game is full of ups and downs, which is the one that can get the best of the ancients. The first two or three arts are the best, and the rest are just right.
In the second scene, the first artistic language is excellent, and the rest can actually point to Chen.
In the third game, the flying word is eloquent and incredible.
In this imperial examination, Zhu Ruzhen and Shang ranked second and third among the top three except.