First, military national education-that is, physical education, physical education is the material basis of moral and intellectual education. (Background: Defeat in the Sino-Japanese War, the title of "Sick Man of East Asia", educators believe that the cause of failure has a lot to do with physical fitness, such as smoking opium; In addition, the Qing government's educational tradition of valuing literature over martial arts led to the invasion of foreign powers. Cai Yuanpei hopes to add military education to his education, that is, Qiang Bing. Therefore, military and national education is the material foundation. )
Second, materialistic education-intellectual education (background: Cai Yuanpei regards materialistic education, that is, developing the economy, as a means to enrich Qiang Bing. He believes that military forces need financial support in addition to military strength. However, the people are unemployed and the country is poor, so it means prosperity except Qiang Bing. I once tried a sentence: "General education should take people's livelihood as the backbone of general education." )
Third, civic moral education-that is, moral education (Background: Although military sports and utilitarian education are ways to "enrich Qiang Bing", they are not enough. If there are only two, Qiang Bing's rich countries will not only suffer, but also suffer. For example, even if the country is rich and strong and the army is strong, there will still be bullying and bullying. We should advocate the western ideas of freedom, democracy and fraternity, that is, to cultivate good moral quality. Therefore, civic moral education is the basis and center of military national education and utilitarian education. )
Fourth, the education of world outlook (background: it can be understood as values, why is it put forward? At that time, young people no longer believed in traditional culture because of successive defeats, but believed in Christianity. For example, when the cannons of the great powers came, they knelt down and prayed to heaven, which was very stupid. At the same time, influenced by Kant's philosophy, Cai Yuanpei believes that there are two worlds in the world: the phenomenal world and the substantive world. The former is real, that is, our realistic realization consists of intellectual education, moral education and physical education, while the latter is a free and completely detached spiritual world that should be pursued. Therefore, he believes that even with economy, military and morality, these are the happiness gained in the real world, and the spiritual world is still scarce, so we should carry out world outlook education. Therefore, the orientation of world outlook education is the combination of morality, intelligence and physique, and the combination of other education is the highest realm and the ultimate goal of education. )
Fifth, aesthetic education-aesthetic education. (Background: Cai Yuanpei believes that aesthetic education is the most important way to carry out world outlook education and the auxiliary of moral education. Aesthetic education is a bridge between the physical world and the phenomenal world, which has the characteristics of both. Through aesthetic education, we can purify people's minds and realize world outlook education. Therefore, in Peking University, Cai Yuanpei personally set up aesthetic courses to improve the status of aesthetic education in primary and secondary schools, so Cai Yuanpei was the first person in China's modern history to explicitly include aesthetic education in the educational policy. Because of this, he thinks that aesthetic education and religion have the same nature and function, but aesthetic education can avoid religious conservatism, so he puts forward the view of "replacing religion with aesthetic education"