Zhu believes that, limited by the level of knowledge, "primary school" education focuses on letting children understand and form correct behavior norms, that is, knowing what it is, that is, the so-called "what is learning"; "University" requires teenagers to further understand the truth in "things", that is, to know why, which is called poverty. Although "primary school" education also needs literacy and reading, this is not Zhu's main purpose, so it is mainly about learning.
Zhu (1 130- 1200) was a famous literary master and philosopher in China in the Song Dynasty. His thoughts influenced China for hundreds of years. He put forward the concepts of primary school and "university", which is his important contribution. Facing all kinds of scenes and methods, he put forward correct ideas with the concepts of primary school and university, and synthesized them in some way. In his thought, primary school is the basis of learning from the ancients and undertakes the mission of traditional culture. Its contents include studying ancient books in detail, considering letters and learning the contents of books.
The battle and writing of ancient prose: the university is the height of practicing ancient prose thought, and its task is to find out the essence of ancient books and practice various scenes in reality; Including memorizing inscriptions, arguing articles, reasoning articles, concessions, interpreting ancient prose, comparing articles, trying to figure out the characteristics of ancient prose, comparing ancient and modern articles and analyzing the purpose and thought of ancient prose. In On Ming Studies, Zhu elaborated on the contents and tasks of "primary schools" and "universities" and put forward some methods.
He believes that "primary schools" should first understand ancient books in detail, then conduct research, then write articles to reflect the ideas of ancient books, and finally make a comparative analysis; The "university" should pay attention to the practice of these contents, combine abstract concepts with actual scenes, and make everything clear between historical practice and empirical thinking, otherwise it will be difficult to gain knowledge and gain.
Therefore, Zhu proposed the methods of "being good at reading" and "being good at thinking", namely "speaking and reading" and "speaking and thinking": "speaking and reading" refers to thinking actively while reading, analyzing and understanding in combination with actual scenes; "Thinking" means putting all the results of historical practice and empirical thinking together and considering them as a whole.
The concepts of "primary school" and "university" put forward by Zhu and the methods of "being good at reading" and "being good at thinking" consolidated the position of China classical culture in the Song Dynasty. He not only took classical culture as the object of study and research, but also guided practice, reflected on practice and used practical experience for reference, thus promoting the development of Song Wenhua and pushing it to the peak.
Introduction to Zhu
Zhu (1 130-1200) is called Mr. Huian and Zhu Wengong. Huizhou Wuyuan (now Jiangxi) was born in Youxi, Jianzhou (now Fujian). China was a philosopher, thinker, politician, educator and poet in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Zhu lost his father since childhood and settled in Chong 'an (now Wuyishan) with his mother. He lived alone with his father and good friend Liu Ziyu, and was employed by Mr. Hu Xian, Mr. Liu Mianzhi and Mr. Liu Ziyi. In the eighteenth year of Shaoxing (1 148), he was born as a scholar, and later served in the four dynasties of Gaozong, Xiaozong, Guangzong and Ningzong. He used to be the governor of Nankang, Jiangxi, Zhangzhou, Fujian and eastern Zhejiang. The official worshipped Huan's attendance system and gave lectures to the emperor. Later, for fear of the reappearance of consorts' forces, he repeatedly used lectures to attack consorts Han Shuazhou.
However, Ningzong established Hantuo Prefecture, and Zhu was dismissed by the court. In the second year of Qingyuan (1 196), Shen Jizu, the supervisor, impeached Zhu for deceiving others with false learning, attacked him as the "leader of false learning" and listed six major charges. Zhu was dismissed for committing the crime of false learning, and later went to Jianyang to give lectures and write. In the sixth year of Qingyuan (1200), Zhu died at home.