Han Yu (768 ~ 824), Han Changli, posthumous title Wengong, was called Han Wengong, a native of Heyang (now Mengzhou, Henan) in the Tang Dynasty, and his ancestral home was Dengzhou. He is one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Self-proclaimed county looks Changli, known as Han Changli in the world (the word "county looks" is a combination of "county" and "hope". "County" is an administrative division, "Wang" is an aristocratic family, and the combination of "County King" refers to the aristocratic family within a certain region and country. And Han Yu lives in Changli, so he is also called Han Changli. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department. Together with Liu Zongyuan, he is an advocate of the ancient prose movement, and he is also called "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. Known as "a great writer" and "a hundred-generation scholar", he has written 40 volumes of Han Changli's Collected Works, Foreign Collected Works 10, Teacher's Comments and so on. It has the reputation of "the decline of eight generations". In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi commented on the advocator of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, calling it "the decline of eight generations of prose" (referring to Han Yu's ancient prose boosting the eight generations of languid writing style. ), the Ming people praised him as the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and called him "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. Du Mu, together with Han and Du Fu, is called "Du Bi" and is known as "a great writer of articles" and "a hundred generations of literators". He is the author of 40 volumes of Han Changli's Collected Works, Foreign Collected Works 10, Teachers' Comments, etc. Han Yu's Portrait and Statue (65,438+04) entered the official career at the age of 25, but suffered many setbacks in fame and career. In the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), Dezong was demoted to Yangshan County (now Yangshan County, Guangdong Province). In the first year of Shunzong Yongzhen (AD 805), he moved to Jiangling County to join the army. On his way to his post, he paid a special visit to Du Fu's mausoleum from Chen Jing Leiyang to Heng, and made a long poem "The Tomb of Du Gongbu" as a token of his condolences. He was the first to realize the value of Du Fu's poems. He and Zou Ruhui, the secretariat of Hengzhou, gathered in Hejiang Pavilion in Shigushan, leaving 20 rhymes of ancient poems. The whole poem, Zou Jun, is named "The Stab of Hejiang Pavilion", with 200 words, one rhyme to the end, one breath, sonorous tone and magnificent momentum. It is a masterpiece of chanting the stone drum in the past dynasties since the Tang Dynasty, and it is also highly praised by later scholars, and many people sing it with its rhyme. In particular, the phrase "overlooking the boundless expanse, lush and green" has become a famous sentence widely read by later generations. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1587 ~ 1598), among the seven sages of Shigu Academy, Li Shizhen, Zhou Dunyi, Zhu, Zhang Qian, and Zhu are known as the seven sages of Shigu in the world. Climbing Zhurong Peak, "Han Yu Kai Yun" is a legendary story of Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue for thousands of years, and literati in past dynasties also sang about "Kai Yun". He was also the first scholar to chant Wang Yu tablet. In the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen called his poem "The Mountain of the Mountain" "Is it a tribute under the stone drum?" Therefore, the four major events have become the most influential and greatest writers in Hengyang's human history. (According to Hengyang Dictionary of Hunan Cultural Celebrities, edited by Gan Jianhua and produced by Erya Culture)
Edit this life
brief introduction
Han Yu (768-824), a writer, thinker and philosopher in Tang Dynasty, was a scholar in the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792). With Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Su Xun and Ceng Gong, they are also called "eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Han Yu (Han Yu)
learning process
Han Yu lost his father at the age of three and was raised by his brother Han Hui and his sister-in-law. Han Hui can write articles, which has an influence on Han Yu. In his early years, he was displaced and had the ambition to study. Although he is lonely and poor, he studies hard. In the second year of Zhenyuan (786), 19-year-old Han Yu went to Chang 'an to take the Jinshi exam, and failed three times. It was not until the fourth examination in the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792) that he was admitted to Jinshi. Since then, I have participated in the three consecutive examinations of the learned and versatile Ci in the official department, all of which failed. It was not until he was 29 years old that he got a small official position in the Jin Dong shogunate in Bianzhou, and then returned to Beijing as a doctor in four schools. At the age of 36, he was appointed as an imperial inspector. Soon, he was demoted to Yangshan county magistrate because he wrote a letter about drought and hunger, please reduce taxes. Xian zong returned to the north as a doctor of the country, tired of being an official for the right illegitimate son of the prince, but failed. Since then, until the age of 50, the official position has been ups and downs. In the 12th year of Yuanhe, 50-year-old Han Yu showed his ability to deal with military affairs because of his participation in pacifying the war of Yuanji in Huaixi. He was transferred to the position of assistant minister of the official department and entered the upper ruling group of the imperial court. However, two years later, he angered Xianzong because of admonishing Buddha bones, and was almost executed by Xianzong. Thanks to the rescue of Pei Du and other ministers, he was saved from death and was demoted as the secretariat of Chaozhou (now Guangdong). After eight months in Chaozhou, the eunuch killed Xian Zong, established Mu Zong, and Han Yu was recalled to North Korea. Later, he became an official, the official family, the assistant minister of the Ministry of War, the assistant minister of the official department, and Beijing, and made great achievements in politics. In the fourth year of Changqing (824), he died in Chang 'an at the age of 57.
political propaganda
Han Yu advocated the unification of the world politically and opposed the separatist regime in the buffer regions. When I was in Tang Xianzong, I worked with Pei Du to quell the rebellion in Huaixi buffer region. The political differences between him and Liu Zongyuan did not affect their joint advocacy of the ancient prose movement. They oppose excessive pursuit of formal parallel prose, advocate prose and emphasize the importance of article content. Han Yu, one of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", was once demoted to Chaozhou for giving advice to Buddhist bones. Later, due to good governance, he moved the capital to Yuanzhou, that is, Yichun, Jiangxi, and secretariat Yuanzhou. During his tenure in Yuanzhou, Han Yu made outstanding achievements and cultivated the first scholar in Jiangxi Province at that time. Now there is a sandbar in Jiangxiu, Yichun, called Zhuangyuanzhou. Legend is the place where students studied in those days. The highest mountain in Yichun City has Zhuangyuan Building and Changli Road in Yichun City, all to commemorate Han Yu's special achievements. Han Yu was a famous essayist and an important poet in Tang Dynasty. His poems strive to be novel, bold and magnificent. The poetic circles in the Han Yu era have begun to break through the narrow world of Dali poets. Han Yu initiated a new school of poetry. He is good at driving the majestic momentum with strong brushwork, mixed with fantastic and strange flavor, and endowing poetry with rich and magnificent colors, making it spectacular. In addition, Korean poetry has the characteristics of "taking literature as poetry" in art, which has a great influence on later generations. Of course, there are also game words in Korean poetry that pursue grotesque and treacherous, which are not worth taking. He is the author of The Collection of Han Changli, The Collection of Foreign Countries, Shi Shuo, etc. Educational thoughts: Han Yu's political thoughts and world outlook are complicated. Politically, he advocated benevolent government, opposed the exploitation of officials and people, and asked the court to forgive taxes and corvees, which showed that he cared about the fate of the country and the sufferings of people's livelihood, which was one of the progressive aspects of his political thought. He enthusiastically advocated Confucian orthodoxy, which was in line with his political thought. But he also preached the feudal ethics in Confucianism and maintained the feudal system, which was of course wrong. Of course, we can't ask the ancients to go beyond history and have our current thoughts. At the same time, we should also see that there are still contradictions in Han Yu's thought. He tried to maintain "orthodoxy", but he often destroyed it unconsciously. In the preface to seeing off Meng Dongye, he put forward the realistic and combative viewpoint that "everything can't be settled before it rings". This thought had a prominent and very important influence on his prose achievements.
The literary achievements of editing this passage
Literary creation theory
Theoretically speaking, he thinks that Tao (that is, benevolence and righteousness) is the purpose and content, and literature is the means and form, emphasizing that literature carries Tao and literature combines with Han Yu's stone statue.
First, give priority to Tao. He advocated the study of ancient Chinese prose in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties and obtained the works of Zhuang Zhou, Qu Yuan, Sima Qian, Sima Xiangru and Yang Xiong. It advocates that the past should not be forgotten, and that the future should be a teacher, innovating on the basis of inheritance, and that "words must come out" and "words must be done". Pay attention to the writer's moral cultivation, and put forward the theory of nourishing qi, "If qi is strong, short words and high voices are appropriate" (answer to Li Yishu). Put forward the argument that "injustice makes noise". It is believed that the author's injustice to reality is the reason for deepening his works. In the style of his works, he emphasizes "strangeness" and takes strangeness as good. Han Yu is listed as the first of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", and is mentioned with Du Fu, and is known as "Du Fu's Poems of North Korea".
Exploration of poetry creation
He also made new explorations in poetry creation. The so-called "writing as poetry" is unique, and rhyme creates the poetic style of "reasoning poetry school". Of course, his poems also have the shortcomings of prose and discussion, which has a bad influence on future generations.
Enthusiastic educator
Portrait of Han Hanyu
Yue is also an enthusiastic educator. He can go against the trend at that time and actively guide backward learning. He "called for later learning" and "resisted to be a teacher" (Liu Zongyuan answered Wei Zhongli's book "Teacher's Way"), paying special attention to education and training young writers. He said in the article "Answer to Li Yishu": "A strong root is actually ... a loud voice suitable for short speeches and loud voices." The so-called "root" or "qi" refers to the writer's ideological cultivation and personality cultivation, emphasizing the writer's moral cultivation and literary cultivation, which is very important for doing a good job in creation. Collected works of Mr. Changli, 40 volumes, volume 10. As a martial artist, Han Yu went to Baijiayan in the north of the county many times, where he wrote a long poem entitled "The Title of Xibaijian", making Xibaijian an important scene of Baijiayan. Thought originates from Confucianism, but there are also deviant words. He pretends to be Confucian orthodoxy, opposes the purity and silence of Buddhism and the superstition of theocracy, but believes in the fate of ghosts and gods; He praised Mencius for expelling Yang Zhu and Mohism, and thought that Yang and Mohism ignored the right path and advocated using Confucius and Mohism. He advocated that Confucius should be king and should be humble and overbearing. But also praised the achievements of Guan Zhong and Shang Yang. He criticized the reform of the Erwang Group, but he was no different from the Erwang Group in opposing the separatist regime and eunuch dictatorship. These complex and contradictory phenomena are all reflected in his works. Han Yu's prose and poetry creation realized his own theory. His works in various genres, such as Fu, Poetry, Argumentation, Saying, Biography, Recording, Ode, Praise, Book, Preface, Mourning, Inscription, Form, Form and Writing, have all made outstanding achievements.
On the Achievements of Prose
On Han Yu's Full Portrait
Wen occupies an important position in Han Wenzhong. The novellas that focus on respecting Confucianism and opposing Buddhism include The Original Road, The Buddha's Bone Table, The Original Nature, The Teacher's Commentary and so on. Most of them are well organized, well organized. Miscellaneous essays such as Miscellaneous Notes and Enlightenment satirize the current social situation, with clever metaphors and profound implications; Novels, such as "Sending Poor Articles" and "Learning Solutions", adopt the form of question and answer, with humorous strokes, strange ideas and sharp edges. Literary thoughts and writing experience are diverse in genre, changeable in writing style, fantastic in image and exquisite in theory. Narrative occupies a large proportion in Han Wenzhong. Scholars who study classics, such as Pinghuai Xibei, use the styles of Shangshu, Ya and Fu, which are large in length and heavy in sentences. Ji Hua directly tells many characters, and its writing style is beyond Shangshu Gu Ming and Zhou Li's Examination of Gong Ji Zi's Rule of Man. Inherit the tradition of historical prose in Historical Records, such as the famous Biography of Zhang Zhongcheng, which combines narration, discussion and lyric in one furnace. Draw lessons from Historical Records and Hanshu to portray vivid and strange characters without discussion, such as the epitaph of Wang Jun in Dali and the epitaph of Zhang Jun in Qinghe. Memorizing literary friends can highlight the characteristics of different writers, such as Epitaph of Liu Zihou, Epitaph of Nanyang Fan Shaoshu and Epitaph of Mr. Yao Zhen. But in a large number of tombstones and epitaphs, Han Yu also wrote some works of "praising the tomb" (referring to praising the behavior of the deceased and exaggerating all his achievements in the epitaph), which was already ridiculed at that time. Collation of Han Yu's complete works
Odes in lyric articles, such as Ode to Twelve Lang, are written in prose, which breaks through the routine of four rhymes. One kind writes about friendship between friends and hardships in life, with four rhymes, such as Henan Foreign Language and Liu Zihou. In addition, a wild letter with Meng Dongye and a preface to seeing Yang off are also masterpieces with certain appeal. Han Yu's other essays, such as Biography of Mao Ying and Preface to Ding Shilian's Poems, are completely fictional and close to legendary novels. Han Yu's prose is magnificent, vertical and horizontal, odd and even, and clever metaphor; Or cunning, or solemn, with a variety of artistic characteristics; Sweep away the gentle and charming style of writing since the Six Dynasties. He is good at sublating the language of his predecessors and refining the spoken language at that time, such as "flying as a dog" ("seeing poverty"), "doing different things together" and "taking everything" ("learning to understand"), which are widely used in Han Wenzhong. He advocated "preface", created a written prose language extracted from spoken language, and expanded the expressive function of classical Chinese. But he also has an embarrassing sentence. The self-assertion that "it is impossible to do things in good times and entertain yourself" ("Sending the Poor") has a certain influence on future generations. Han Yu is also a famous poet, whose artistic characteristics are mainly strangeness, heroism and strangeness. For example, Lu Hun's Rhyme of Mountain Fire and Huangfu, Poem of Eclipse, Yuchuan Self-made, etc. have strange and profound contents. Nanshan's poems, Yueyang Tower's four ambitions of fighting, Meng Dongye's lost son, etc. Very spectacular. However, in the pursuit of strangeness, Korean poetry is often full of strange words and rhymes. Han Yu also has an unpretentious poem. Korean poetry is ancient and short, but there are also excellent quatrains. For example, in the Seven Laws, I moved to Languan to show my grandnephew, Answering Zhang's Eleven Palace Exercises, Titing Yiliang, Sending Zhang's Twelve Pavilions to Tongguan and Titing Chu Zhao Wang Dian, etc. Han Yu
Among the ancient books of Han Dynasty, Wei Huaizhong's Collection of Works of Mr. Changli of the Five Hundred Music School in Southern Song Dynasty and Waiji are the best. The most popular editions are The Collection of Mr. Changli, The Collection Outside and Legacy (reprinted by Xu Shi Dong in Ming Dynasty). In Qing Dynasty, Gu and Fang Shiju each had a single note on a poem. Qian Zhonglian's Annotation of Han Changli's Poems in the Year is another year's collection of notes. In addition, Jing Yun,, Wang, Shen Qinhan, Fang Cheng, Modern Xu Zhen, etc. The Chronicle of Zi Han written by Hong Xingzu in Song Dynasty is the most detailed. The relevant parts of Zhao Yi's Poems of Oubei, Fang's Zhao Mei and Lin Shu's Korean Studies Law are representative works to comment on his poems. Ma Shuobei was selected as a junior high school textbook.
How to evaluate the ideological significance of Han Yu's poems
Han Yu was a famous writer in China in the Tang Dynasty. He led the ancient prose movement in the middle Tang Dynasty and made outstanding achievements in prose. Su Shi praised it as "the decline of eight generations of literature". In the aspect of poetry creation, in view of the impetuous habit of the poet "stealing the green hills and white clouds and taking the grass as his own" (Jiao Ran's poetic style) and the poetic style of "rejuvenating the country" (Gao Zhongwu), we consciously inherit and carry forward the achievements of Li Bai and Du Fu in poetry creation, and strive to restore the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty. Hanyu cemetery
Therefore, he was brave in creation, bold in innovation and ingenious, which widely reflected the reality at that time and became an influential poet in the middle Tang Dynasty. However, some studies on Han Yu's literary history and works regard reflecting people's sufferings as the standard for evaluating Han Yu's poems, that is, political standard comes first. Therefore, it is of little significance to think that Han Yu's poems reflect reality and do not inherit the realistic tradition of Du Fu's poems like Bai Juyi. For example, in the History of China Literature edited by Mr. You Guoen, there is such an opinion: "From the perspective of creative practice, Han Yu mainly inherited Li Bai's freedom and boldness, Du Fu's physical and mental changes and the artistic tradition of' talking nonstop', and explored the road independently. It is different from Bai Juyi's emphasis on inheriting Du Fu's realistic spirit. " Mr. Zhan Ai's "Tang Poetry" also said: "There are some things in Han Yu's poems that reflect reality. However, the number of such poems is small, and they are often intertwined with personal misfortunes and their understanding is not deep enough. " Comrade Zhang Yanjin's Selected Readings of Tang Poems holds that: "Han Yu's poems pursue adventure, forming the characteristics of grandeur and strangeness and' taking literature as poetry'. However, it is superficial to reflect major social life. " There are similar views, which are not listed here. I think the above arguments deserve further discussion. Han Yu's poems reflecting people's sufferings are not as good as those of Du Fu and Bai Juyi in quantity, but reflecting people's sufferings is not the only criterion for evaluating writers' works. As far as Han Yu is concerned, his poems not only deeply sympathize with the people's sufferings and expose the evils of the ruling clique, but also are many works that oppose the separatist regime in the buffer regions and safeguard national unity, and even fiercely attack the harm of Buddhism and Taoism, accusing those in power of suppressing and expressing talents. These all reflect the important life of the society in the middle Tang Dynasty from different aspects, and they are very combative, so they should be said to be excellent realistic works.
Chronology of life
In the second year of Tang Zhenyuan (788), Han Yu was nineteen years old. He went to Beijing to take the Jinshi exam with the ambition of learning the world, and failed three times in a row. Han Yu statue.
It was not until the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792) that he passed the fourth Jinshi exam. According to the law of the Tang Dynasty, after being admitted to Jinshi, you must also take the erudition and macro-speech examination of the official department. Han Yu participated in the official election three times and failed. I wrote three letters to the Prime Minister and got no reply. Those who have been in power for three times have been turned away. In July of the twelfth year of Zhenyuan (796), Han Yu was twenty-nine years old and was recommended by Dong Jin as an observation and promotion officer of Xuanwu Army. This is the beginning of Han Yu's political career. During the three years of observing and promoting officials, Han Yu took every opportunity to publicize his innovative ideas of prose, and at the same time guided Li Ao, Zhang Ji and other young people to study literature. In the winter of the sixteenth year of Zhenyuan, Han Yu was the fourth examiner and passed the official election in the second year (80 1). Answering Li Yishu, written in this period, expounded his thought of closely combining the ancient prose movement with the Confucian retro movement, which was Han Yu's representative work advocating the ancient prose movement. At the end of autumn this year, Han Yu was thirty-four years old and was appointed as a doctor of imperial academy No.4 University, which was the beginning of Han Yu's entry into the government agencies in Beijing. During his tenure as a doctor in four schools, he actively recommended young writers, dared to be a teacher and widely taught his disciples, and was called "the son of the Han family". In the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), he wrote a magnum opus "Teacher's Theory", which systematically put forward the theory of teacher's morality. In winter, Han Yu was promoted to the position of suggestion, and Han Yu was in office for only two months.
In order to sympathize with the people's feelings and be loyal to their duties, he wrote "On the Hunger of the Wasted People", which was vilified by the powerful ministers and was demoted to the Yangshan Order of Lianzhou. Han Yu worked in Yangshanling for three years, went deep into the people, participated in farming, fishing and hunting activities among the villagers, and loved the people, benefited the government, was courteous and civilized. Therefore, the book "New Tang Book Han Yuchuan" is "Love the people, and people's livelihood is named after their surnames." On the appointment of Yangshan, a large number of young people went to Hanyumen, and they talked with young students about poetry. There are quite a few poems and works. Today, the Collected Works of Changli has more than 20 ancient poems and several articles. At this time, the chapter written by Yuan Tao and others constitutes an important work of Sinology, The Theory of Five Sources. This is the forerunner of Neo-Confucianism in Tang and Song Dynasties, and its theoretical achievements have great influence. In the summer and autumn of the 21st year of Zhenyuan (805), Han Yu left Yangshan, and in August, he joined the army in Jiangling. In June of the first year of Yuanhe (806), Han Yufeng recalled Chang 'an and officially authorized the doctor to run the country. Yuan Hanyu
And three years (808), Han Yu changed to Dr. Zhen. In the fourth year of Yuanhe (809), Yuan Wailang, a great official in the capital, was granted the title of East Capital and Imperial Temple. In the winter of the same year, he was demoted to Yu Ling, and later served as Fang Yuanwai Lang and Guo Zi Doctor. In the eighth year of Yuanhe (8 13), he was promoted to Bibi Langzhong History Museum, and completed the compilation of the famous history book A Record of Shunzong. In the ninth year of Yuanhe (8 14), Han Yu was appointed as the doctor of Kao Gong. In the tenth year of Yuanhe (8 15), he was promoted to the position of Zhongshu Sheren. In the 12th year of Yuanhe (8 17), he assisted Pei Du, the prime minister, to pacify Huai rebellion as a marching Sima, and was awarded assistant minister of punishments for his meritorious service. In the 14th year of Yuanhe (8 19), Tang Xianzong sent an envoy to Fengxiang to welcome Buddha bones, and the capital once set off a Buddhist frenzy. Regardless of his personal safety, Han Yu resolutely stepped onto the Buddha's bone table, denouncing the unreliability of the Buddha's bone, and demanding that the Buddha's bone be "put into fire and water to be immortal, to break the suspicion of the world and confuse future generations." When Xian Zong got the watch, Yan Long was furious and sentenced him to death. Fortunately, Pei Du, the prime minister, and the ministers in the DPRK tried their best to intercede, only to avoid death, and he was demoted as the secretariat of Chaozhou. Han Yu was appointed as the secretariat of Chaozhou for eight months. Generally speaking, he drove away crocodiles and killed people. Ask teachers to run township schools; Pay off debts and release slaves; Leading the people, building water conservancy and irrigation and drainage. For more than a thousand years, Chao Hanyu Memorial Hall |
Guangzhou has become a regional culture with individual characteristics, and Chaozhou has become a state of etiquette and a famous cultural city! In the first month of the fifteenth year of Yuanhe (820), Han Yu was transferred to Yuanzhou Secretariat. Although he only stayed in Yuanzhou for nine months, he did a great thing of "banning officials". According to the Records of the Old and New Records of the Tang Dynasty, "Yuan people took men and women as official residences, and if they didn't redeem them at the expiration of the period, they were buried. More and more, more than 700 parents learned that they had been redeemed. Because of the agreement, it is forbidden to be a servant. " In order to thank Han Yu for this behavior, the local people built Changli Academy (now) as a memorial. In September of the fifteenth year of Yuanhe (820), Han Yu sent an imperial edict to propose a toast to the whole country. In July of the first year of Changqing (82 1), Han Yu was transferred to assistant minister of the Ministry of War. In the second year of Changqing (822), he rode alone and ventured to the town to comfort the rebels. He was known as "the commander-in-chief of the three armies" in history, and he made peace with one soldier and one pawn, putting down the chaos in the town and state. In September, he served as assistant minister of the official department. In June of the third year of Changqing (823), Han Yu was promoted to a native of Beijing and an ancient scholar. The land of Jingzhao is said to be complicated and difficult to manage. Under the rectification of Han Yu, the society is stable, thieves stop, and rice prices dare not go up. Later, he was successively transferred to the Ministry of War Assistant Minister and the Ministry Assistant Minister. In the fourth year of Changqing, Han Yu asked for leave due to illness. /kloc-0 died in Chang 'an on February 2nd at the age of 57.
Edit the representative works in this paragraph.
The teacher said
For the explanation of this article, see Mr. Changli's anthology. Give Li Pan's works to the author. The main idea is to clarify the teacher's way. "In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, people's interests were not divided. In this world, Han Yu
Do not smell the teacher; Some people laughed at it and thought it was a madman. Han Yu was alone, regardless of the world, laughing and cursing. After receiving the call, he learned to write "Teacher's Remarks" and became a teacher because of resistance. "(Liu Zongyuan answers Wei Zhongli's book" Teacher's Way ") It turns out that ancient scholars should have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand. Before I was born, I studied Tao before I was born, so I learned from Tao. After I was born, I studied Taoism first, so I studied Taoism. I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers. Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools; That's why saints are holy and fools are stupid! Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused! The teacher of the boy, the reader who teaches and studies the sentences of the book, is not the person I am talking about telling his story and solving his confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know. Witch doctors, musicians and skilled workers are not ashamed to learn from each other. The families of the scholar-officials called their teacher disciple Yun, and they got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. Humble and shameful, officials are close. " Oh! Teacher's way is unknown! Witch doctors, musicians and skilled workers are despised by gentlemen. Today, its wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing! Sages are fickle teachers. Confucius taught Tanzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius. Confucius said, "Where there are three people, there must be a teacher." So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all. Li, seventeen years old, is good at classical Chinese and six arts. He knows everything and studies in his spare time. Yu Jiaqi can follow the ancient road and write Shi Shuo to make it last forever.
Military order to send a document to Heyang
Marek's Theory is an article advocating the reuse of talents. However, the writing is different. In this article, the author is ingenious, using "Bole once passed by Han Yu to listen to Ying Shi play the piano."
In the wild north of Hebei, Ma Kong "is a metaphor that" Wu Gong is a town and a river, but there is no one in the east ",praising Wu Hui for her eye-catching knowledge and being good at recommending talents; He also used "personal resentment to take everything" to compare the rare and precious value of Wu Palace's "taking warriors for the son of heaven under the curtain", which is like "resentment" and more powerful than positive praise. The article does not directly describe Wen Sheng's talent, but describes the "bad" influence brought by Wen's official career in many ways, but shows his extraordinary talent, which is very subtle and ingenious. The original text sent Wen Chu Shi to Heyang. "Bole Hebei north wilderness, empty horse. There are many military forces in northern Hebei, and Bole is good at knowing horses, but can he clear away evil spirits? "The translator said," when I say empty, I mean there are neither horses nor good horses. Bole knows horses, and when it is good, you need to lead them. There is no good one in the group. If you are unscrupulous, it is not empty talk to say that there is no horse. "East is also the northern part of Hebei Province. Those who rely on their own talents to hide in the depths of the city are called Wensheng in the north of Luo and Wensheng in the south. In March, Wu Gong, a doctor, took Heyang Town as a talent, took the ceremony as a gift, and Luo made it happen. Within a few months, I took Vincent as my talent, so I took Shi Sheng as my medium, took the ceremony as my gift, and put it under the curtain. Although Du Dong believed in many talented people, he took one person and pulled out one person's strengths; Take a man at dusk and pull him out. Pretending to be Shou, He Nanyin, the deacon of Baisi, and the doctor of our two counties, there are political problems and doubts. What do you want to ask? Who will play with the scholar-officials who go to him and the hutongs? After the boy was born, why did he ask about his occupation? The gentry's work was done in the capital, and they were treated with no courtesy. If it is, it will be called: "Doctor Kung Fu is a town with rivers, but Chu Shi, the capital of the East, is deserted. "Why not? The husband listens to the world from the south, and the one who leans on it is only for the ear. The son of heaven is in court, and the warrior of the son of heaven is in the curtain. Seek internal and external treatment, but you can't get it. The more you are trapped in this place, the less you can lead by yourself, and you will be regarded as an old man. Today, all the powerful people have been taken away. How can we be indifferent? When I was born, I worshipped at the military gate that I used to call to celebrate the world; Later it was called "personal resentment against me"! The fact that "xianggong" is the first four-rhyme poem is more orderly. As soon as Bole passed vilen in northern Hebei, the horse was empty. Northern Hebei is the place with the most horses in the world. Although Bole is good at flattery, how can he pat the horses there empty? The translator said: "when we say empty, we don't mean that there are no horses, but that there are no good horses." Bole can recognize horses, and when he meets a good horse, he will pick it out. There is not a good horse in the herd. If there are no good horses, then it is not a lie to say that there are no horses. "Luoyang, the east capital, was originally the" northern Hebei "of literati. There is a real person who is invisible but not official. There is a man named Shi Sheng on the north bank of Luoshui, and there is a man named Vincent on the south bank of Luoshui. In the third month of guarding Heyang as a special envoy, Wu Gong, an adviser to the ancient empire, thought that Shi Sheng was a talented person, so he was recruited into the shogunate according to etiquette. Within a few months, he felt that Vincent was a talented person, so he recruited Vincent into the shogunate through the intermediary of Shi Sheng. Although Du Dong has many talented people, how can we choose one in the morning and take away the best person, and choose one in the evening and take away the best person? In this way, from Yin, Henan, to the heads of various departments and officials of our two counties, if there are political problems or doubts when handling cases, who should we talk to to properly solve them? Who do the literati who resigned and returned to their hometown play with? Where do the younger generation go to learn virtue and consult? Officials passing through Luoyang from east to west are not allowed to visit their residences according to the ceremony. In this case, we can say, "As soon as Taishi Gong Wu Palace arrived in Luoyang, the Chu Shi Mansion in Luoyang was empty. "Can't you? Only prime ministers and generals are entrusted and relied on by the emperor to deal with world affairs. The prime minister recruited talents from the imperial court for the emperor, and the general selected literati warriors for the emperor to report to the army. If so, it is impossible to make this country restless inside and outside. I am tied here, I can't retire by myself, and I want to spend my old age with the help of Shi Hewen. Now, both of them have been sent away by powerful people. How can this not make me feel bitter? Vincent, who is new here, visited martial arts at the military gate, hoping to congratulate you on what I said earlier. Grasp what is said later and express my complaint about the selection of all talents. Du Dong's left-behind "xianggong" first wrote a four-character poem to praise this matter, and I wrote this preface based on his poem. This paper, with thoughts and feelings attached, strongly praises Wu Gong's identification and pity recommendation of talents, and discusses the importance of people who can identify talents to talents. One is to congratulate the world; The second is complaining about the selection of all talents. Its intention is to strongly praise Wu's ability to identify talents and hope that he can be found and recommended.