The Origin Clues of Western Universities

It is generally believed that, with a few exceptions (such as Azhar University in Cairo), modern universities originated from medieval universities in Europe. Before that, ancient Egypt, India and China were the cradles of higher education. Ancient Greece, Rome, Byzantium and Arab countries all established quite perfect and developed higher education systems. Although many educational historians refer to the higher education institutions in these places as universities, most scholars believe that they are not real universities, and the real universities still come from European medieval universities. There is no doubt that the origin of universities in western countries is not consistent, but one after another. European medieval universities did not start in all European countries at the same time. In European history, the Middle Ages refers to its feudal social era, from the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD to before the Renaissance.

The Origin and Changes of China University

Modern universities originated in the west. In many cases, the worldwide academic migration from one country to another is the result of colonialism. For example, universities established in the United States are directly influenced by Britain. Universities in Africa and Asia are deeply influenced by the academic model of Britain and France because of colonialism. In addition, Germany's new academic model in the19th century had a great influence on the United States, while America's "land-grant college" model influenced universities in India, Latin America and some African countries. Most universities in Eastern Europe adopted the German model, but also absorbed some features of the French model (P. G. Altbach, 1985). Although the spread of academic model is rarely one-way on the whole, it is more an interaction, but as far as the origin of universities is concerned, the spread of academic model in universities is mainly one-way.

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