Celebrity name: Ushchinski
Date of birth: 1824- 187 1.
Celebrity title: educator
Celebrity country: Russia (Russia)
Ushinski said:
Konstantin Dmitrievich ushinski (1824— 187 1) was a Russian educator in19th century. Graduated from Moscow University. He used to be a teacher in a law school, an orphanage and the director of an aristocratic women's college in smalley. He was dismissed because he was inclined to progress, and was sent abroad, where he stayed for five years.
In ushinski's educational works, On the Nationality of Public Education (1857) occupies an important position. This paper is aimed at the Western European School which advocated copying other national education systems and the "quintessence of Chinese culture" school (Slavic School) which clung to its shortcomings at that time. In this paper, ushinski understands nationality as the characteristics of each nation due to its historical, geographical and natural conditions, and advocates the nationality principle of education as the basis of the education system, pointing out that the nationality principle of education is characterized by its own national characteristics, and does not blindly copy (but does not exclude) the education system of other countries, putting the language of the motherland on the basis of teaching and returning the right to education to the people. The nationality thought of education also runs through ushinski's other works and becomes one of ushinski's most distinctive educational thoughts.
Ushinski also attaches great importance to the role of labor in human training and education. In the article "The Role of Labor in Psychology and Education", he fully affirmed the role of labor in people's material life and spiritual life, and endowed labor education with great significance. He believes that labor is the source of improving people's physique, intelligence and morality, advocates that education should arouse the young generation's desire for labor, and requires schools to educate students to respect and love labor, devote themselves to cultivating students' habits of mental work, and pay attention to combining students' mental work with physical activities. These views are undoubtedly worthy of attention and have long-term historical significance.
Man is the object of education is ushinski's masterpiece. The content of this book is grand, which mainly demonstrates the principles, processes and methods of education from the perspectives of physiology and psychology. In the preface of the book, the author expounds the importance of education and the construction of educational theory, the nature of pedagogy and the ways to establish and develop educational theory. He pointed out that the main object of educational science is to study people in the process of education, and called the art of pedagogy "the most extensive, complex, sublime and necessary art of all arts". It is believed that educational science should be widely introduced into social science related to education. Natural science and psychological science, and based on the regular knowledge they provide, determine the purpose and content of education, and choose various educational means and measures. The discussion also involves the understanding of the essence and foundation of pedagogy.
Selected Works of Modern Western Education, People's Education Press, 2000.
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