□ Our reporter Wang Zhanwei/finishing

On June 25th, the seminar "The Core Mission of Basic Education" and the Education Spring Salon were held in Beijing Chaoyang Experimental Primary School. On the basis of observing the campus culture and characteristic courses of Chaoyang Experimental Primary School, the delegates and experts listened to the theme report of "Easy Learning and Happy Growth" by Chen Lihua, the principal of Chaoyang Experimental Primary School. Gu Mingyuan, honorary president of China Education Association, Zheng Xinrong, a professor at Beijing Normal University, and Jian Kang, a professor at Peking University Institute of Education, and other participating experts discussed the core mission of basic education in depth.

Primary education should lay three foundations.

Chen Lihua, Principal of Chaoyang Experimental Primary School:

20 12,110/0, there was a report in the Beijing times that the pass rate of physical examination of senior high school students in a certain place was only 13.39%, and the physical fitness of teenagers in China has been declining for 25 consecutive years ... This data is enough to make us fall into meditation.

Basic education should not be eager for quick success, but should focus on the future development of students. So we put children's health at the core. Our school philosophy is to lay the foundation for a happy life. Under this concept of running a school, we put forward four sentences, starting from health, escorting morality, escorting habits and sailing with ability. We propose that basic education should focus on three foundations, namely, health foundation, habit foundation and ability foundation. I will pay attention to health and ability.

Our school made a small schoolbag for each child, and all the children's utensils were put in the school. If you have homework for any subject, take your exercise book home. The reason for this is that the child's body is still in the development stage, and excessive load will have a negative impact on the child's physical development. Nowadays, many primary school students have scoliosis because their schoolbags are too heavy.

Beijing requires children to spend 1 hour in school every day. On this basis, we increased 1 hour. In order to control the obesity rate and ensure the students' health, the school set up the "Little Dumpty Club" and opened a special physical exercise classroom. Every day, chubby children can come here during lunch break, follow professional physical education teachers for targeted training, and monitor their physical fitness through physical fitness tester. Recently, I found a phenomenon that the class with the best physical quality has the best academic performance. It can be seen that healthy body has a positive impact on academic performance.

We built a studio in like eyes. Every day, children are in this studio, wearing musical instruments to adjust for 20-40 minutes. After a period of training, pseudomyopia can be alleviated, and the overall effective rate of training is 93. 1%.

We inherited and carried forward the educational idea of Ma Xinlan, the former principal and special-grade teacher, and created it in practice, and put forward "easy study and happy growth", taking improving the quality of classroom teaching and enhancing the effectiveness of teaching as the main way to reduce the burden on students. In order to expand children's interests, the school has arranged 15 courses such as cooking, pottery and printmaking, and students can choose independently.

How to locate the core mission of basic education

Gu Mingyuan, Honorary President of China Education Association and Senior Professor of Beijing Normal University:

Basic education should lay a solid foundation in three aspects. The first is to lay a solid foundation for physical and mental health. Some parents think that the earlier children learn, the better, and the more knowledge they have, the better. Actually, it's not. As far as a person's development is concerned, it is necessary to lay a good physical and psychological foundation, especially the psychological foundation. Physical health can be seen and felt, while mental health is intangible and has not been paid enough attention by parents and teachers.

The second is to lay a good foundation for learning. There are two recent reports worthy of attention. In March last year, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development published a report, saying that in the 2 1 century, four skills must be mastered: the first is the way of thinking, and education should cultivate students' way of thinking; The second is the way of communication, which requires good communication with people; The third is working tools. At present, it is mainly to master information technology; The fourth is the ability to live. This year, UNESCO put forward a learning index system for basic education, including physical health, social mood, cultural awareness, written communication, learning methods, science and technology, etc. As far as physical health is concerned, in the primary school stage, it includes the following contents: first, physical health and hygiene, children should learn to be hygienic, be able to use water correctly to prevent infectious diseases, and at the same time be able to choose healthy ways to prevent non-communicable diseases; Second, food and nutrition, understand the importance of food and nutrition to the body, not only to ensure that children can get enough nutrition, but also to properly control the proportion of various nutrients; The third is sports; The fourth is sexual health; Wait a minute.

The third is to lay a good foundation for going to society. People will eventually go to society, so they should be good at communicating with others, respect others' values and have social ethics.

Lei Chaozi, Deputy Director of Science and Technology Department of Ministry of Education:

It is very meaningful to discuss the core mission of basic education. The key is whether the core mission of basic education can be accurately positioned. If the positioning is not accurate, the problem will be difficult to solve. In my opinion, from primary school to high school is the stage of basic education, and it may be misleading to talk about the core mission in general. Because the core mission of primary school and secondary school is different. We visited basic education in Europe, America and Australia, and found that many practices in China are quite different from those abroad. For example, the curriculum arrangement in developed countries in Europe and America is basically based on play before the fifth grade. Now ask children to study hard and don't lose at the starting line. What is the mission of primary education? In developed countries in Europe and America, the mission of primary schools is to protect children's nature and let them play well. Physical and mental health is the first, and knowledge transfer is the second. At this point, let alone our primary school, there has been a certain degree of primary school tendency since kindergarten. Therefore, to explore the core mission of basic education, we must first clearly distinguish the different stages of basic education.

Shiyuan Wang, Director of Education Supervision Office of Chaoyang District Government:

Why ask the core mission of basic education? When we understand the core mission of basic education, does it mean that the basic ways, carriers, contents and methods of educating people are clear? When our basic courses are enough to meet the core mission of basic education, can we not add other courses?

What is the core mission of basic education? Basic education should be the education of being a man. What interests me most about Chaoyang Experimental Primary School is that the children are quiet. When you walk into the campus, students generally don't say hello to you. Everyone smiles and shakes hands, which is a kind of elegance. It is necessary to guide children to have independent consciousness, aesthetic consciousness and innovative consciousness. At the same time, children should be taught basic knowledge, basic methods, basic literacy and basic skills.

How to realize the core mission of basic education

Jian Kang, Professor of Peking University Institute of Education and former President of Peking University High School:

Basic education has basic value, universal value and relatively independent value. Now many people are saying that they are doing preparatory courses from kindergarten to primary school and middle school. We ignore the value of independence. How to understand the independent value of basic education is very important.

In primary school, a person's life growth is very active, so nutrition, health and safety become very important. Mr. Xie Weihe, Vice President of Tsinghua University, told me a story: He went to Germany to inspect a primary school and prepared a class for the children in the evening. In class the next day, he first explained his name: "My name is Xie Weihe, which means to defend world peace ..." The children suddenly became interested: "Please explain to me what my name means ..." Xie Weihe muttered to himself. Last night, he carefully prepared a China culture class. How did it get here? After class, the local headmaster applauded Xie Weihe. Some people said it was a good thing that he didn't bring his textbook to class. German law stipulates that teachers can't use textbooks to teach children under the third grade.

The core mission of basic education should be to pay attention to children's life and growth needs. There is an international saying that a school can tell everything by looking at a course, and the purpose, value and method of education can be clearly seen by experts by looking at how students learn and how students communicate. What our primary school should think about is how to meet the growth needs of children in a way that conforms to the cognitive laws of primary school students.

Education is a systematic project, and we can't simply separate all stages of education. Primary schools, secondary schools and universities have their own functions. Because of family environment and nutrition problems, children begin to get fat in the lower grades of primary school, so to a large extent, chubby children are not caused by schools. The school has done a lot of work to reduce the proportion of chubby children, which is actually a "firefighter". At present, we lack a systematic top-level design of basic education. If everyone manages a subject, it is not easy to make up lessons. It is not normal for universities to supplement middle schools, which leads to waste of resources and conflicts. This vertical connection is something we have to consider. We can't solve all the problems of children's growth at an independent stage. Not only vertical contact, but also horizontal contact.

Lei Chaozi, Deputy Director of Science and Technology Department of Ministry of Education:

How to realize the core mission of basic education? Now that students are very tired, it may be difficult to solve this problem with traditional thinking. For example, we propose to promote educational modernization with educational informationization. Here, we must first understand what is educational informatization. Don't understand informatization as audio-visual education, not recording the lessons taught by special-grade teachers, but digitizing paper information is informatization. There are still many people who think that education informatization is equipped with hardware equipment, which is very superficial.

Educational informatization will bring about educational revolution, including the revolution of teaching methods and learning methods. How can teaching methods be revolutionary? It's not that a teacher teaches well, but that a broadcast on the internet is informatization, but that we use informatization to let students understand what we didn't understand in the past. For a simple example, there is a saying in Chinese textbooks that "Xiao He only shows sharp corners", which I only understood last year. Such problems can be vividly told to students by means of informationization, which is the advantage of informationization.

What kind of children for the world?

Xu Hui, Vice Chairman of NLD Central Committee, Standing Committee Member of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and Deputy Secretary General of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference:

Looking at a primary school, I am more concerned about how the school conveys care. There is a story: In those days, students from the Department of Sociology of the University of Chicago went to a primary school to investigate, and the results made them very disappointed. This primary school is full of problem students and problem teachers. The conclusion of the investigation is that the school has no future and the students have no future. Decades later, a professor paid a return visit to these once-troubled students, and as a result, they all developed well. During the interview, they all mentioned a teacher. So the professor went to interview the teacher again. The teacher said a word-love. He believes that in kindergartens and primary schools, how teachers convey love is the most important. In Chaoyang Experimental Primary School, I am glad to see many details that prove that the school is trying to do so.

I think another observation point of a school is whether it provides opportunities to promote students' potential. Chaoyang experimental primary school has done very well in this respect. The school has arranged 15 extended courses such as cooking, pottery and printmaking for students to choose independently, which is a platform for their growth.

The success of education cannot be judged immediately, but what kind of person children will grow up in the future. No matter how successful the education is, we should always keep a humble heart. We should sow the seeds of love for our children from an early age and provide space for their growth.

What I want to emphasize is: don't provide children with the joy of domestication, but provide them with the happiness of freedom. A pet dog looks happy, but we don't know if this domesticated happiness is the pet dog's own happiness. Dewey said that school is society, and Tao Xingzhi thought that society is school. Therefore, schools should attach importance to the communication between children and society, and it is very important for their development whether children have the opportunity to care for poor disabled children in society.

Wu Zhengxian, Director and Special Teacher of Primary School Mathematics Teaching and Research Section of Basic Education Research Center of Beijing Academy of Educational Sciences:

The heavy academic burden of students has aroused the concern of the whole society. I also asked this question at the National People's Congress: People should have dreams. If children don't even have time to dream, how can they realize their dreams? What is the core mission of basic education? In my opinion, the first thing is a healthy body. Without a healthy body, nothing else can be discussed. The second is the sunshine mentality. Children should have a good attitude, self-confidence and respect for others. This kind of good attitude is very important. The third is a wise mind. Someone always tells children that when they are young, they will be bitter and happy when they grow up. In fact, happiness is made up of every day. If a child is unhappy in class, his whole quality of life will be greatly reduced. Therefore, to pay attention to life and give children happiness, we should start from ourselves.

There is a value judgment in it. I especially appeal to education administrators to establish correct values and think about the requirements of future society for talents. Students' grades have gone up and they have been admitted to a good school, but what's the point of unhealthy thinking? Therefore, we hope to educate people to ask: What is our mission? What kind of educational values should be established?

Professor Zheng Xinrong from Beijing Normal University:

The exploration of experimental primary school in Chaoyang District returns to the proposition of education itself, that is, life, life and survival. It can be seen that the exploration of basic education in China is not in a vacuum. President Chen, like Transformers, has integrated different educational elements, making use of existing conditions and opportunities to create an educational environment in accordance with educational laws and guiding children's growth, which is commendable.

At the same time, I also put forward two small questions for your consideration. One is healthy, happy and easy to learn. I think that although it is good to study easily, we should pay more attention to meaningful learning, because learning is a meaningful process, and the meaning includes difficult exploration and pleasant experience. Second, the problems faced by basic education in the whole country. Is basic education supposed to undertake more missions to human commonness or to individual individuality? On how much space, open a space for students' personality, potential and interest? All these require great practitioners to continue to explore.