Precautionary measures for safe use of electricity 1 1. Personnel management
1. The installation, maintenance or dismantling of temporary electricity utilization projects must be completed by electricians. The level of electrician should be adapted to the difficulty and technical complexity of the project.
2, all kinds of electricity personnel should do:
1) master the basic knowledge of safe electricity use and the basic performance of the equipment used.
2) Before using the equipment, you must wear and equip the corresponding labor protection articles according to the regulations, and check whether the electrical devices and protective facilities are in good condition. It is forbidden to run the equipment "with disease".
3) Stop using the equipment, turn off the power supply and lock the distribution box.
4) Responsible for protecting the load line, zero line and switch box of the equipment used. Report and solve problems in time.
3, electricity units must establish a post responsibility system for electricity safety, clear the person in charge of electricity. The personnel on duty and maintenance personnel must master the necessary electrical knowledge, pass the examination and obtain the certificate of approval, master the methods of electric shock rescue and artificial respiration, and often participate in safety study.
4, unlicensed are not allowed to mount guard operation, found that the electrician operators engaged in electrical operation should be stopped in time.
5. Strengthen safety education, establish the viewpoint of safety production, and educate all power users to understand the great significance of safety production. Establish and improve relevant safety laws, regulations and systems, and do not operate illegally.
6, strengthen the operation, maintenance and repair test work, conscientiously do a good job of regular inspection of electrical equipment, handle problems in time when found, and fill in work records in a timely and accurate manner. In case of strong wind, rain, snow, fog and other bad weather, the inspection of electrical equipment should be strengthened.
Second, the distribution line.
1. The temporary electricity trunk line on the construction site should be buried with armored cables, and the insulated wires should be buried with steel pipes.
2. Cable trunk lines should be laid underground, and laying along the ground is prohibited to avoid mechanical damage and medium corrosion. The cable shall be directly buried outdoors, with a depth of not less than 0.6m Fine sand with a thickness of not less than 50mm shall be evenly laid up and down the cable, and then covered with hard protective layers such as bricks.
3. When cables pass through buildings, roads and other vulnerable places, protective sleeves must be added. The buried cable connector shall be located in the ground junction box. The junction box should be waterproof and dustproof, the cable joint should be firm and reliable, and it should be insulated and wrapped to maintain insulation strength, and should not bear tension.
4, rubber cable overhead laying, should be set along the wall or pole, and fixed with insulators, it is forbidden to use bare metal wire as binding wire. The spacing between fixed points shall ensure that the rubber cable can bear the load brought by its own weight. The maximum sag distance of rubber cable should not be less than 2.5m
5, cable joint should be solid and reliable; And should be insulated bandage, maintain insulation strength, shall not bear tension.
6. Cable shall be laid horizontally and fixed along the wall or doorway, and the maximum sag distance shall not be less than1.8m.
7, indoor wiring with insulated wires, the height from the ground shall not be less than 2.5 meters; Into the door line through the wall should wear pipe protection, the height from the ground shall not be less than 2.5 meters, and rainproof measures should be taken; The outdoor end of incoming line shall be fixed with insulators.
III. Distribution box and switch box
1. A leakage protector must be installed in the distribution box. The leakage protector must be installed and used according to the product manual. Mobile electric tools and manual electric tools should be equipped with highly sensitive leakage protectors.
2. The rated leakage action current of the switch box leakage protector is not more than 30mA, and the rated leakage action time is not less than 0. 1 sec.
3, distribution box, switch box wire import and export and outlet should be located at the bottom of the box, it is strictly prohibited to be located at the top of the box, side, back or at the door. Incoming and outgoing lines shall be bundled with sheaths and made waterproof bends, and the wire harness shall not be in direct contact with the incoming and outgoing lines of the box. Incoming and outgoing lines of mobile distribution box and switch box must use rubber insulated cables.
4. The rated leakage action current and rated leakage action time of the two-stage leakage protector in the main distribution box and switch box should be reasonably matched, so that it has the sectional protection function.
5. More than three distribution boxes should be equipped with leakage protection and shunt leakage protection, and one brake should not be used for multiple purposes, so that one brake leaks. Electrical equipment such as leakage protectors and switches in the distribution box should be flexible and have good contact, and reliable contacts should not be seriously ablated.
6, the distribution system must implement hierarchical distribution. The installation and internal setting of distribution boxes and switch boxes at all levels must comply with relevant regulations. The electrical appliances in the cabinet must be reliable and in good condition, and their selection and setting values should comply with the regulations. Switch electrical appliances should be marked with the purpose, and the wiring diagram should be drawn on the front door of the electrical box.
7, all kinds of distribution box, switch box appearance should be complete, firm, waterproof, dustproof, outside the box should be coated with safety color code, unified number, there is no sundry in the box. When stopping using the distribution box, cut off the power supply and lock the door. The fixed distribution box should be fenced to prevent rain and smashing.
8. All distribution boxes and switch boxes shall be operated in the following order:
Power transmission operation sequence: main distribution box? Distribution box? Switch box;
Power outage operation sequence: switch box? Distribution box? General distribution box (except for emergency of electrical failure).
Fourth, lighting.
1, the quality of on-site lighting lamps and materials shall comply with the provisions of relevant standards and specifications. Must be well insulated, and instruments and equipment with aging or damaged insulation shall not be used.
2. The hanging height of fixed lamps installed indoors shall not be less than 2.5m, and outdoor shall not be less than 3m. Waterproof lights should be used outdoors.
3, general places to use 220V power supply lighting must be in accordance with the provisions, wiring and installation of lamps and lanterns, and install leakage protector on the side of the power supply. Safe voltage lamps must be used in special places according to national standards.
4. The office area and living area of the construction site should be equipped with lighting lamps and appliances according to the usage. The lighting and cooking equipment in the canteen must be equipped with leakage protectors. Adequate lighting must be provided for all places where people pass by and carry out construction activities.
5, the use of portable lamps and low-voltage lighting, power supply voltage should not exceed 36V, portable lamp body and handle should be strong, good insulation, power supply should use rubber cable, plastic stranded wire shall not be used. Transformers for portable lamps and low-voltage lamps should be installed in electrical boxes to meet the requirements of outdoor electrical installation.
6, the use of mobile iodine tungsten lamp lighting, enclosed rainproof lamps and lanterns must be adopted. Iodine tungsten lamp's metal lamp and metal bracket should be protected by zero connection, and the hand-held part of the metal bracket should be insulated. The power cord adopts sheathed cable, and the power supply side is equipped with leakage protector.
7, construction at night, must install eye-catching red signal lights, power supply should be located in front of the main switch of the field power supply.
Verb (short for verb) others
1, the general contractor and subcontractors must sign a temporary electricity management agreement, and clarify the relevant responsibilities of each party. Subcontractors must abide by the provisions of the site management documents, and the general contractor must supervise and manage the power facilities and daily construction of subcontractors according to the regulations.
2, all kinds of construction activities, internal and external power lines to keep a safe distance, can not meet the minimum safe distance specified in the specification, reliable protection and monitoring measures must be taken.
3. Independent distribution system must adopt three-phase five-wire zero protection system according to the ministerial specifications, and dependent systems can adopt corresponding zero protection or grounding protection methods according to the actual situation on site. The metal shell, metal bracket and base of all kinds of electrical equipment and electric power construction machinery must be protected by reliable zero connection and grounding according to regulations.
4. At the same time of using neutral or grounding protection, leakage protection devices must be set up step by step, and graded protection should be implemented to form a complete protection system. The selection of leakage protection device should comply with the regulations.
5. On-site metal structures (lighting fixtures, vertical lifting devices, ultra-high scaffolding) and various tall facilities must be equipped with lightning protection devices according to regulations.
6. When using hand-held power tools, hand-held power tools with Class II and Class III insulation shall be used according to the relevant provisions of national standards. The insulation state of tools, power cords, plugs and sockets shall be intact, and the power cords shall not be extended or replaced at will. Maintenance and inspection should be carried out by professionals.
7, the use of electric welding machine should have a separate switch, electric welding machine shell should have zero or grounding protection. The main line length should be less than 5 meters. Wiring on both sides of the welding machine shall be firmly crimped, and a reliable protective cover shall be installed. The welding handle wire shall be in place with double wires, and metal pipes, metal scaffolding, rails and structural steel bars shall not be used as loop grounding wires. Special rubber multi-strand soft copper cable should be used for welding handle wire, and the conductor should be well insulated without damage and exposure. Anti-burying, anti-immersion, rain-proof and anti-smashing measures should be taken in the installation of electric welding machine. AC welding machine should be equipped with special electric shock protection device.
8, the construction site temporary electricity facilities and equipment must use qualified products of regular manufacturers, it is forbidden to use fake and shoddy products. Safety electrical products must be certified by national professional testing institutions.
9. When repairing all kinds of distribution boxes, switch boxes, electrical equipment and electric construction machines and tools, the power supply must be cut off, the electrical connection must be removed, and warning signs should be hung. During commissioning and debugging, the operating procedures shall be determined and supervised by designated personnel.
Preventive measures for safe use of electricity. Emergency measures for electric shock accidents
(1) cut off the power immediately:
Description: Cut off the power supply: (1) Pull down the power switch to cut off the power supply; (2) When away from the switch, use the wire cutters with insulating handles to clamp off two wires (phase wire and zero wire) respectively (Note: If the wire cutters with insulating handles clamp off two wires at the same time in panic, the circuit will be short-circuited, and the current will be greatly increased, which will be more harmful. (3) Use a dry wooden stick or bamboo pole to touch the wires on the person who gets an electric shock (Note: it is necessary to prevent the wires from slipping on yourself and others, causing new people who get an electric shock. )
(Note: Never touch the person who gets an electric shock directly with your hands and other parts of your body to prevent the group from getting an electric shock. )
(2) Emergency rescue
Description: After being cut off, people who get an electric shock often go into a coma, and even their breathing and heartbeat stop. At this time, artificial respiration must be performed. People who have mastered the method of artificial respiration should give artificial respiration to those who get an electric shock in an emergency, otherwise they should contact medical staff immediately for rescue.
(3) Protect the environment around the person who gets an electric shock:
Attention: Preventing crowds from crowding is not conducive to emergency rescue.
2. Emergency measures for electrical fire:
(1) cut off the power supply first and call the police in time.
Attention: cutting off the power supply as soon as possible and giving an alarm in time can greatly reduce disaster losses and casualties.
(2) Yellow sand or carbon tetrachloride fire extinguisher should be used for electrical fire extinguishing.
Note: During electrical fire extinguishing, it is absolutely forbidden to pour water on wires or electrical appliances before cutting off the power supply (note: water is conductive, which will cause a wider range of electric shock accidents). Don't touch electrical equipment or wires after fire fighting to prevent electric shock.
Do it yourself:
1. Students check the unsafe places where the school has no electricity in groups;
2. Check whether there is electricity safety at home;
3. Put forward rectification opinions on the problems found in unsafe electricity use;
4. How to deal with electric fire in case of electric shock accident?
Chapter III (1) Precautions for Safe Electricity Use. Every family must have some necessary appliances, such as test pens, screwdrivers, rubber pliers, etc. And there must be safety wires and fuses of various specifications suitable for the right to use household appliances.
(2), every household meter must be equipped with master insurance, and the meter should be equipped with master breaker and leakage protection switch.
(3) In any case, it is forbidden to use copper wire and iron wire instead of fuse. The size of the fuse must match the capacitance. When replacing the fuse, remove the porcelain box cover and replace it. It is not allowed to overlap the fuse directly in the porcelain box, and it is not allowed to replace the fuse with electricity (without opening the circuit breaker).
(4), fuse blowing or leakage switch action, must find out the reason to turn off the switching power supply. Under any circumstances, it is not allowed to use the short-circuit insurance of wires or the tripping mechanism of forced leakage switch to send electricity.
(5) When purchasing household appliances, carefully check the technical parameters (such as frequency, voltage, etc.). ) meet the local power consumption requirements. It is necessary to know how much electricity is used and whether the existing power supply capacity of the family meets the requirements, especially whether the wiring capacity, plugs, sockets, fuses and meters meet the requirements.
(6), when the household power distribution equipment can't meet the requirements of household appliances capacity, should be replaced, it is forbidden to make do with it. Otherwise, overload operation will damage electrical equipment and may also cause electrical fire.
(7) When buying household appliances, you should also know their insulation performance: general insulation, reinforced insulation or double insulation. If grounding is used for leakage protection, grounding wire is essential. Even for electrical equipment with reinforced insulation or double insulation, it is beneficial to do protective grounding or protective grounding.
(8) Household appliances with motors (such as electric fans, etc.). ), you should also know the heat resistance level and whether it runs continuously for a long time. Pay attention to the heat dissipation of household appliances.
(9) Before installing household appliances, you should check the requirements of the product manual for the installation environment, and pay special attention not to install household appliances in an environment with damp heat, dust or flammable, explosive and corrosive gases as much as possible.
(10), when wiring indoors, the phase line and the zero line should be clearly marked and consistent with the wiring of household appliances, and they should not be staggered.
(1 1), the connection between household appliances and power supply must use switches or plugs, and it is forbidden to directly insert wires into socket holes.
(12), all household appliances requiring protective grounding or safe zero connection should adopt three-pin plugs and three-pin sockets, and two-pin plugs and two-pin sockets are not allowed to be used instead, resulting in neutral grounding (or zero connection) wires.
(13), it is better to have no connector in the middle of home wiring. If there must be a joint, it should be firmly contacted, wrapped with insulating tape, or a porcelain junction box. Standard uses medical tape instead of electrical tape to wrap joints.
(14), wires and switches, circuit breakers, fuse boxes, lamp holders, etc. The connection is firm and reliable, and the contact is good. The multi-rubber flexible copper wire connector should be twisted first, and then placed under the connector screw gasket to prevent the thin strands from spreading and contacting another connector and causing short circuit.
(15), household wiring shall not be directly laid on flammable building materials, and porcelain beads or clamps must be used if wiring is needed on wood; Porcelain sleeves must be used to penetrate the board. Flammable plastics and other flammable materials shall not be used as decorative materials.
(16), the grounding or neutral line is normally not charged, but in case of leakage after disconnection, the shell of the right electrical appliance will be charged; In the case of short circuit, the grounding wire also passes a large current. For the sake of safety, the specification of the grounding (neutral) wire shall not be lower than that of the phase wire, and switches, fuses or connectors shall not be installed on it.
(17), the grounding wire should not be connected to the tap water pipe (because the tap water pipe joint is now sealed with insulating tape and has no grounding function); Do not connect it to the gas pipe (in case of gas explosion caused by electric spark); Don't connect it to the ground wire of the telephone line (in case of strong current and weak current); Nor shall it be connected to the down lead of lightning rod (to prevent lightning strike).
(18), all switches, knives and fuse boxes must be covered. Bakelite cover plate is aging and incomplete and must be replaced. Dirty and wet people must be wiped clean before use after power failure.
(19), the power cord should not be dragged on the ground to prevent the power cord from tripping and damaging the insulation.