The so-called musical literacy includes musical literacy and musical literacy. In other words, we should not only have basic and general musical knowledge and practical ability, but also have higher musical cognitive ability and aesthetic ability. Improving music literacy can strengthen students' comprehensive quality and deeper perception of external things. With the coming of 2 1 century, education in China has reached a new level, and the educational mechanism of universities has gradually broken the tradition and moved towards the road of reform and innovation. How to strengthen the music literacy education of college students has become a subject that our college educators should seriously consider. First, the significance of strengthening music literacy education Music plays a very important role in people's lives. Good music can purify the soul, beautify sentiment and promote people's health and progress. In universities, setting up music courses properly and introducing healthy music will undoubtedly help to promote students' healthy physical and mental growth and adjust the tense learning atmosphere. Because music is conducive to developing intelligence and cultivating noble personality, some developed countries attach great importance to music education and take music as a compulsory course. The National Education Program of American Music Education "1990 Objectives" stipulates: (1) All students should be exposed to music classes; (2) Middle schools should require at least one Carnegie credit in humanities and arts to graduate; (3) Universities should require students of arts and humanities to complete one credit before they can enroll. Confucius was a great educator in ancient China, and also the earliest and most influential music educator. Among Confucius' "six arts" in training his disciples (ritual, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy and mathematics), "music" ranks second. In his educational philosophy, morality and music complement each other. "Governing the people with security, not good at etiquette, changing customs, not good at etiquette and music". "Rite" is to manage the yin and yang order of heaven and earth, and "music" is to achieve harmony. He advocates using music to improve moral quality. Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher, further deepened the purification of people's thoughts by music. He said, "Music education is much more important than other education." He believes that music education not only pays attention to moral and social education, but also undertakes the task of educating people into beautiful people and kind people. At present, the education in China is relatively backward, which reflects that the overall quality of our people has not yet reached the ideal level. We should pay full attention to college music education and consciously improve students' music quality. Second, the status quo and restrictive factors of university music education (I) The lag of the reform of education mechanism With the progress and development of the times, the education mechanism has gradually improved and matured, and it has gradually moved from the traditional education model to a more reasonable modern education that meets the training of new talents, which is most obvious in the education mechanism of universities. However, due to the profound influence of the long-term conservative education mechanism, China's education system still has considerable drawbacks. In university education, the educational consciousness is not open enough, and there is a widespread phenomenon of death and lag. The deep-rooted college entrance examination mechanism and traditional education mode greatly restrict the openness of education and the development of music education. (2) Ignoring the University Music Classroom In China, the music education for college students is a weak link, and the music classroom has not received due attention. In addition to the professional music classrooms and teaching equipment in colleges and universities with music majors, most ordinary colleges and universities only offer music elective courses, with few courses and low classroom quality, which makes many college students give up learning music knowledge subjectively or objectively, and students are poorly influenced and cultivated by music during their school days. According to the sampling survey among students, more than 90% students think that they have learned too little music knowledge in elective courses and teachers don't pay attention to teaching, so they usually play DVD to perfunctory classroom teaching; A sample survey of teachers shows that more than 60% of teachers' feedback information is that students themselves do not attach importance to elective courses, and schools do not attach importance to music education, which is full of obstacles and difficulties. Most colleges and universities have not included music in the compulsory teaching plan, and there are still many obstacles for teachers to make a qualitative breakthrough in music teaching, and there are also many practical difficulties in setting up a second class. According to statistics, in our country, more than 80% colleges and universities only take music as an elective course, with a shallow level of music education and limited teaching conditions. Many colleges and universities still don't have a decent piano, which leads to the failure of music class and teaching. Therefore, it is difficult to make a breakthrough in the improvement of music education in China at this stage. From the high school graduation examination to the college entrance examination and then to the university, the hidden rules of music class have been abolished, which has artificially discouraged students' initiative in learning music, seriously affected the improvement of students' comprehensive quality and the cultivation of students' ability, and reflected the backwardness of the quality of culture and education in China. (3) Impact of Western cultural thoughts With the wave of reform and opening up, western cultural thoughts are also impacting our traditional culture more and more. "In China, people often express their concerns to me through 1986 and 1998. The popularization level and classicalization level of western music are more and more dominant, so that the traditional music in China is in danger of being ignored or even extinct. " Another challenge that every culture faces is how to achieve a healthy balance between learning and retaining its own traditional music and accepting music from foreign cultures. At present, in the field of music in China, the shock wave of pop music and rock music with strong western culture is getting higher and higher, and the traditional music culture in China has gradually lost its former glory. College students are also crazy about the pursuit of pop music, but the content of some pop music is unhealthy and the lyrics of some songs are vulgar and extreme, which has to attract our attention. For children who are not deeply involved in the world and are in a semi-hazy stage of physical and mental development, decadent and free music will not be conducive to students' physical and mental health. Students are exposed to vulgar music too much, and it is easy to lose the direction of music learning and development, and their mentality is easily affected, which can easily lead to extreme impetuous personality and even serious misguided. (1) Expand the space of music teaching. In life, music is everywhere. Teachers should be good at expanding teaching space, integrate education into their usual study, life, entertainment and activities, and don't give up every opportunity and teaching sky. Teachers should make full use of their spare time and the second class to create more opportunities for classroom teaching, improve and cultivate students' music knowledge and ability in various activities, get close to and understand students in activities, observe and guide them carefully in the process of contacting with students, understand students' preferences and needs for music, correct bad preferences and misunderstandings, and open up a broader prospect and sky for music teaching. (3) Improving teaching methods Music teachers should adopt modern teaching methods such as multimedia to improve students' interest in learning music. With the acceleration of modernization, education has entered a new era. In music teaching, the application of multimedia courseware has brought new vitality to music classroom. In the teaching process, the introduction of situations, interests and emotions has been vividly and stereoscopically strengthened: vivid pictures, rhythmic accompaniment, detailed and pleasant explanations, and practical topics with exercises. Using modern teaching methods, the teaching image is vivid, the students' perception is vivid and impressive, which is conducive to promoting the development of students' intelligence, improving the quality of students' mastery of knowledge and improving the quality and efficiency of education and teaching. In the book "Electronic Pedagogy", Professor Guonong Nan made a comparative demonstration of learning, attention and memory through experimental research. Research shows that when people study, 83% of them acquire knowledge through vision; Listening accounted for11%; The sense of smell accounts for 3.5%; Touch accounts for1.5%; Taste accounts for 1%, and vision and hearing play the most important role in learning. Using visual media, the attention ratio is 81.7%; The attention of using auditory media is 54.6%; The former is much higher than the latter. It can be seen that the use of audio-visual multimedia teaching is self-evident in improving teaching efficiency. Modern teaching methods play a very important role in consolidating all aspects of knowledge and intelligence development (perception-understanding-memory-application, etc.). This new music curriculum reform is a good means to promote students' strong interest in learning music. Therefore, in the improvement of music courses, music teachers should actively create situations, develop interests and cultivate emotions. So as to make the music class lively and interesting and arouse students' enthusiasm for learning music. (3) Strengthening the teaching of music theory is the key and the law, and everything is regular. If we want to understand the essence of things correctly, we need to grasp its laws. The same is true of learning music. Music theory is the key to open the door to music. At present, the study of music theory knowledge is generally ignored in college music teaching, because theoretical teaching makes students feel boring, and music teachers think that this may dampen students' enthusiasm for learning music. Personally, I think that how to arouse students' enthusiasm for learning depends on whether the teacher can bring these contents to the classroom vividly and interestingly, so that students can realize the importance of music theory and thus have a strong interest in learning. Mastering theoretical knowledge is conducive to accurately grasping things. The cognition of things should be understood and studied in essence, so as to improve to a higher level. It is the truth that students should attach importance to and ask them to learn music theory well. Therefore, as a music educator, it is incumbent on students to understand and learn music in a deeper sense. It is not enough if students' understanding of music is limited to singing, dancing and plucking notes in daily life. We should study, create and develop music on the basis of theory, and tap the truth and infinite charm of music. Advocate learning and appreciating elegant music. Good music can cultivate people's sentiments. Music can stimulate people's aesthetic feeling and improve people's spiritual realm. Good music works should not only have a bright and beautiful musical artistic image, but also have a pleasant voice, full of life breath, showing youthful optimism, inspiring people's spirit and carrying forward new social trends. In ancient times, music was divided into positive sound and evil sound. Positive sounds can change customs and purify people's minds, while uncontrolled evil sounds will confuse people's minds. Xunzi was a thinker at the end of the Warring States Period in ancient China. He pointed out: "where the sound touches, it is against the gas, and the gas is like chaos; The positive voice is touching and responsive, which is good for the image. " Therefore, music with "positive tone" effect plays an important role in coordinating the relationship between people and promoting social harmony and unity. Some bad pop music in today's society is "bad sound". College students are not fully mature, emotionally unstable and impulsive, and external stimuli are more likely to interfere with their behavior. So try to expose them to some calm, broad and elegant music. Students are unconsciously influenced in the process of contacting music, and their personal accomplishment has also been improved. (5) Give full play to the important role of music teachers. Due to the neglect of music teaching in colleges and universities, many in-service music teachers do not attach importance to their own position, thus relaxing music education. Music teachers in many universities are perfunctory about music lessons. After a class, they just want students to sing a few songs, learn a few movements, or let students enjoy a few music works by themselves, so it's simple and easy. In this way, music teaching becomes indifferent to students, and learning music knowledge is not important. This will lead to a misunderstanding of music education and seriously affect the formation and development of students' music literacy. In addition, as a music educator, teachers' good attitude plays a decisive role in music class. Teachers have high quality and good teaching attitude. Beautiful teaching style will promote the healthy growth of students, and vivid examples will directly enter students' field of vision and beautify their hearts. Grasp a good teaching mentality: calm and quiet mentality, full of love, broad vision, elegant manners, sweet smile and beautiful voice. These will directly touch students' hearts and cultivate their elegant aesthetic taste. Therefore, teachers should be strict with themselves, learn to create the beauty of life and music, improve their musical literacy and aesthetic taste, guide students' development, and cultivate students' good musical quality and personality sentiment.