Problem description:

A friend is a little naive, and now it's time to find a job. I'm worried. How can I get rid of it?

Analysis:

Adolescence is an important period in the process of human physiological changes. Adolescence is characterized by sexual development, and the secondary sexual characteristics become more and more obvious. For example, girls are getting fuller and fuller, boys are growing beards, and children's voices have changed from crisp and childish children's voices to adults' voices. This physiological change from children's voice to adult's voice is called "physiological voice change", and the time of physiological voice change is called "voice change period" in medicine.

The period of children's voice change is the key period of children's voice development. Generally speaking, how a child's voice becomes during this period determines the quality of his voice throughout his life. To know whether a child has entered the stage of voice change, the key is to look at the age, gender (boys are mostly in 12 to 14, girls are mostly in 12) and voice. If the child is in a voice change period, his voice is hoarse, and his voice can't go up when singing, and he finds that the vocal cords are congested, indicating that the child has entered a voice change period.

In terms of the physiological structure of human throat, it is not mature until the age of fifteen or sixteen, and there is little difference between men and women, so there is little difference between men and women's voices at this time; Until the mature stage, there are significant differences in the physiological morphology of male and female throats. Male larynx gradually widens, vocal cords are elongated, Adam's apple is prominent, and his voice gradually becomes heavy and low. During this period, the throat changes of women are not so obvious, so the voice changes little. During the voice change period, boys' voices are usually about 8 degrees lower than before, and girls' voices are about 3 degrees lower. During this period, the child will also have symptoms such as hoarseness, dry throat, itchy throat and foreign body sensation in the throat.

Most children enter the voice change period around 15 years old. The voice change period of girls is usually 1 year earlier than that of boys, and the average duration of the voice change period is 1 year, with the shortest duration of 3-6 months and the longest duration of 2-3 years. In addition, the length of the voice change period is also related to geography. Children in the south have a shorter voice change period, while children in the north have a longer voice change period.

The voice change period can be roughly divided into three periods: at first, the voice didn't change much, and children's voices were still used when talking and singing, but sometimes I felt that my voice was out of control, it was difficult to pronounce high notes, and the voice couldn't last, and sometimes I sang out of tune or had strange sounds; In the middle stage, the sound changes obviously, and the tone becomes lower and thicker. Although there are still children's voices, there are fewer and fewer children's voices and more adult voices. In the later stage, the voice has completely become the voice of adults, but there is still a period when the voice is unstable and uncontrollable.

Voice change is a necessary stage of human growth and development, and it is a normal physiological phenomenon, so don't worry. In order to let children go through this period smoothly, parents should pay attention to the following points:

First, guide children to learn the physiological and health knowledge of adolescence, so that they can understand the sound changes and a series of changes in the body before and after puberty.

Second, let children maintain psychological and emotional stability. Studies have shown that emotional stress often leads to vocal cord dysfunction, edema, long polyps and other pathological conditions. Therefore, it is of great significance to let children feel happy and get through the voice change period safely.

Third, there must be adequate nutrition. In clinic, we find that many young people with hoarse voices are out of proportion to their age and have weak physique. After investigation, it turned out that it was caused by insufficient nutrition during the voice change period. Therefore, we must eat more meat, eggs, dairy products and fresh fruits and vegetables during the voice change period. Don't eat spicy and fried food, let alone smoke and drink.

Fourth, get enough sleep. This is an important measure to protect your voice. Lack of sleep will lead to cerebral blood supply disorder and higher nervous activity disorder, which can not effectively play the role of cortical neurons in regulating and controlling laryngeal muscles. If the waste such as carbonic acid and lactic acid in laryngeal muscle is not discharged in time, it will cause vocal cord spasm. In addition, sleep can rest the brain and throat. Therefore, children with voice change should live on time and sleep for 9 hours every day.

Fifth, we should educate children to control their own voices. Arguing loudly, shouting loudly and singing loudly are the most likely to damage the vocal cords, and children should try to avoid them.

6. Ask the laryngologist to check the child's throat regularly and correct his bad tendency in time.