1, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed.
1, because patients with severe alcoholism may have life-threatening symptoms such as lethargy and shock, respiratory and circulatory failure may be caused by increased consciousness. Therefore, we should pay attention to preparing rescue articles and medicines, giving ECG monitoring and blood oxygen monitoring, closely monitoring respiratory changes, and giving tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation when necessary.
2, in order to prevent airway obstruction, should be given timely atomization inhalation, airway suction, turn back, head to one side.
3, closely monitor the blood gas indicators, keep the patient's normal breathing.
2, pay attention to keep warm
Patients with acute alcoholism have systemic vasodilation, releasing a lot of heat, and some even have chills. At this time, appropriate measures should be taken to increase the room temperature and cover the quilt to keep warm and replenish energy. Change sheets and clothes in time to prevent catching cold from causing other diseases.
3. Safety care
Because patients with acute alcoholism are prone to excitement, gait instability, blurred vision, epilepsy, hallucinations and other symptoms. Safety care is very important.
1, accompanied by a special person, do a good job in the education of caregivers and patients to prevent patients from falling, bumping and getting lost.
2, when patients with hallucinations or mental disorders, behavioral disorders, should pay attention to the corresponding protective measures to prevent nursing accidents.
3. When there is tremor and status epilepticus, the patient's consciousness, pupil, complexion, breathing, blood pressure and pulse changes should be closely observed, and the seizure situation should be recorded in detail, such as the location, sequence, nature, incontinence, vomiting and trauma.
4. Psychological support
1. Patients with acute poisoning should know the cause of poisoning. If depression is caused by family, life, marriage and other reasons, persuasion should be done to encourage patients to express their inner pain and contradictions.
2, reduce the fear of patients and their families, can communicate with patients, explain the knowledge about poisoning.
3. When there is language confusion, you can use cue cards to communicate with body language.
5. Ensure the supply of nutrition.
1, can be given enough nutrition, such as a high-protein and high-vitamin diet, especially a large number of B vitamins should be supplemented, and neuro-muscular nutrition drugs should be given.
2, pay attention to the balance of water and electrolyte, especially for patients with tremor and convulsion, should accurately record the quantity, heat, prevent electrolyte disorder and cause acidosis.
3. When the patient has nausea, vomiting, fatigue or even coma and disturbance of consciousness, attention should be paid to supplementing the infusion volume, and if necessary, nasal feeding should be given to ensure nutritional supply.
6. Treatment and nursing
1, acute poisoning patients don't need special treatment, just stay in bed to prevent catching cold, and they can recover in a few hours. In severe cases, acidosis, hypoglycemia and hypotension are common. Drugs that supplement glucose, vitamins and nourish nerves should be given. Insulin can also be added to glucose, and naloxone can be added to the liquid for intravenous infusion. Diet can be given a high protein and high vitamin diet.
2. Patients should be careful with sedatives during the excitement period. If mania must be used, diazepam 10mg can be injected intramuscularly, but the breathing situation should be closely monitored, and coma patients should use it with caution.
7. Health education
After the patient's mood is stable, inform him or his family about the dangers of alcoholism. For example, long-term drinking will lead to malnutrition, nervous system damage, memory loss, mental decline, gastritis, malnutrition, liver cirrhosis and other serious consequences, which will not only endanger health but also bring heavy economic burden to families. Guide the methods of abstinence, and at the same time teach some common sense of abstinence and first aid measures.
8, alcoholism diet instructions
1, patients with alcoholism can drink plenty of water (warm water, light salt water, sugar water or honey water, mung bean soup, etc. ), reduce the blood alcohol concentration, speed up urination, so that alcohol can be quickly eliminated with urine.
2, you can also eat more fruits, such as pears, oranges, apples, watermelons, tomatoes and so on. Burning ethanol with fructose.
3. Take vitamin B 1 and vitamin E to promote the decomposition of ethanol.
4, slightly drunk, add 5 grams of sugar, 30 ml of vinegar is appropriate. After the sugar is dissolved, drink it all at once.
5. Supplementing nutrition, especially thiamine (vitamin B 1) is helpful for abstinence and rehabilitation. Stabilizing blood sugar at a certain level is helpful to the success of treatment. Reduce the diet with high monosaccharide content, such as white flour and cooked potatoes, and increase the intake of plant protein and polysaccharide with high content in cereals, beans and vegetables.