(A) improve the legal system and standard system of vocational education.
Promote the accelerated revision of the Vocational Education Law. Establish the basic structure of modern vocational education system according to law, clarify the responsibilities of governments at all levels, standardize the rights and obligations of vocational colleges, industries, enterprises and other subjects, and legalize the achievements of vocational education system construction. Improve the laws and regulations to promote school-enterprise cooperation and vocational education collectivization. When revising laws and regulations such as the Education Law, Private Education Promotion Law, Higher Education Law, Teachers Law, Degree Regulations, Labor, Social Security, Foreign Experts, etc., relevant regulations should be revised and improved in accordance with the requirements of building a modern vocational education system. Establish and improve the standard system of vocational education. Accelerate the formulation of standards for running various vocational colleges that meet the characteristics of vocational education and meet the requirements of economic development and industrial upgrading. Improve the implementation and inspection system of various standards. All localities should formulate plans and implementation plans, and by 2020, all kinds of vocational colleges will basically meet the national standards for running schools.
(2) Promoting the reform of vocational education management.
Change the way the government manages. Improve the management system of hierarchical management, local priority, government overall planning and social participation, accelerate the transformation of government functions, reduce the cross-dispersion of departmental responsibilities, and reduce interference in specific matters of school education and teaching. Governments at all levels strengthen the formulation and implementation of development strategies, plans, policies and standards, coordinate the development of regional vocational education, implement the responsibility of vocational education investment, and create a good institutional environment conducive to the integration of production and education, school-enterprise cooperation and social forces to participate in running schools. Give provincial governments greater authority and expand the overall planning right of provincial governments in the construction of modern vocational education system. Strengthen industry guidance and enterprise participation. Construct the guidance system of vocational education industry, and give play to the important role of the industry in providing policy consulting services, releasing the demand for talents in the industry, promoting school-enterprise cooperation, participating in guiding education and teaching, and carrying out quality evaluation. Strengthen the construction of industry guidance capacity, and all localities and relevant departments will hand over the responsibilities suitable for industry organizations to industry organizations through authorization and purchase of services, give policy support and strengthen service supervision. Strengthen the construction of vocational education industry steering committees and teaching steering committees. Through legal system construction, policy guidance, evaluation and other ways to further implement the responsibility of enterprises to participate in school-enterprise cooperation, support students' internship and training, and carry out continuing education for employees. The employing unit shall provide conditions for employees' continuing vocational education and lifelong learning. The support of large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises for vocational education will be included in the assessment of corporate social responsibility. Expand the autonomy of vocational colleges in running schools. Implement the "negative list" system, deepen the reform of the administrative examination and approval system, promote the separation of government and school, and expand the autonomy of vocational colleges in specialty setting and adjustment, personnel management, teacher evaluation and employment, and income distribution. Improve the governance structure, internal and external constraints and incentive mechanisms of vocational colleges to ensure that vocational colleges make good use of their autonomy in running schools. Adhere to and improve the principal responsibility system of secondary vocational schools and the principal responsibility system under the leadership of the party Committee of public higher vocational schools. Improve the internal distribution mechanism of performance appraisal that reflects the characteristics of running and managing vocational colleges. Improve the supervision and evaluation system of vocational education. Improve the supervision and evaluation methods of secondary vocational education and formulate the supervision and evaluation methods of higher vocational education. Establish a system of regular supervision and evaluation and special supervision and evaluation of vocational education. Improve the supervision and reporting system, notification system, interview system, deadline rectification system, reward and punishment system and other systems, and regard the supervision and evaluation results as an important part of the performance appraisal of local governments at all levels, relevant departments and vocational colleges.
(3) Deepening the reform of the entrance examination system for vocational education.
Establish an entrance examination system that conforms to the characteristics of vocational education. According to the overall plan of higher education entrance examination system reform, formulate the implementation opinions and reform plan of higher education entrance examination system reform, accelerate the classified enrollment of higher vocational education, and establish a selection mechanism that conforms to the growth law of technical and skilled talents. Focus on exploring "knowledge+skills", individual enrollment, self-enrollment, top-notch talent exemption and other examination enrollment methods to provide students with diversified enrollment forms for different levels of higher vocational education. Accelerate the reform of the entrance examination system for professional degree graduates and expand the proportion of front-line workers with certain work experience and practical experience. Improve the teaching competition system in vocational colleges, run the national vocational college skill competition well, enhance the international influence, and take the students' competition results as an important basis for further study. Expand the opportunities for further study of vocational college graduates. Expand the autonomy of school enrollment, moderately increase the proportion of junior vocational schools recruiting secondary vocational school graduates, undergraduate colleges recruiting vocational college graduates, and gradually expand the proportion of higher vocational schools recruiting people with practical experience. Different selection methods are implemented for different types of students, and different training programs are formulated for students from different sources and different learning styles. Actively explore ways for non-registered students to take exams and enter higher vocational colleges in the inflow areas. Encourage migrant workers to adopt flexible and diverse learning methods to receive vocational education and training.
(D) Improve the governance structure of modern vocational colleges through school-enterprise cooperation.
Improve the various systems of school-enterprise cooperation. Formulate laws and regulations to promote school-enterprise cooperation in running schools. Establish and improve the cooperative planning, cooperative governance and cooperative training mechanism between schools and enterprises, so that talent training can be integrated into the production service process and value creation process of enterprises. Vocational colleges and cooperative enterprises should constantly improve the systems of knowledge sharing, curriculum updating, order training, on-the-job internship, production internship, post exchange, staff training and collaborative innovation. Promote schools to build training bases in enterprises, and enterprises to build talent training and training bases in schools. Explore the cooperation forms of school-enterprise integration, such as school entering the factory, factory entering the school, front store and back school. Promote the participation of industries, enterprises and communities in the governance of vocational colleges. Vocational colleges should set up a board of directors, and more than 50% of the members should come from enterprises, industries and communities. The establishment of a professional steering committee, more than 50% of the members should come from the employer. Improve the articles of association and system of vocational colleges that embody the characteristics of vocational education, clarify the functions and powers of the board of directors, the dean, the professional steering Committee and the workers' congress, and improve the governance ability of vocational colleges. Formulate the qualification standards for principals (deans) in line with the characteristics of vocational education, actively promote the reform of the appointment system for principals and open selection pilots, encourage entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs to serve as principals (deans), and cultivate a number of vocational education talents.
(5) Innovating the technical skill accumulation mechanism of school-enterprise cooperation.
Establish a technological accumulation and innovation consortium of key industries. Formulate multi-participation support policies, promote the linkage among government, schools, industries and enterprises, and promote the accumulation and innovation of technical skills. In the important industrial fields related to the national competitiveness, it is planned to establish a number of technical skill accumulation and innovation platforms for close cooperation between enterprises and vocational colleges, popularize and apply new technologies, new materials, new processes and new equipment, and accelerate the pace of advanced technology transformation and industrial transformation and upgrading. Promote enterprises to bring vocational colleges into the technological innovation system, strengthen collaborative innovation, promote the improvement of workers' quality to synchronize with technological innovation, technology introduction and technological transformation, and realize the synchronization of new technology industrialization and new technology application talent reserve. Promote vocational colleges and vocational education groups to actively participate in enterprise technological innovation through multi-level talent training system and technology promotion system, actively promote the spread of technological achievements, and provide talents and scientific and technological services for small and micro science and technology enterprises. Support vocational education to inherit national craft culture. Incorporate products, crafts and culture with national characteristics into the modern vocational education system, integrate national culture into the whole process of school education, vigorously promote the reform of the inheritance mode of folk traditional handicrafts, and gradually form a modern mechanism for inheritance and innovation in national craft vocational colleges. Actively develop vocational education that integrates national craft inheritance and innovation, cultural heritage protection, high-skilled personnel training and industrial incubation. Encourage folk artists, skilled craftsmen and inheritors of intangible cultural heritage to participate in vocational education.
(six) to build an investment mechanism to adapt to the modern vocational education system.
Implement financial investment in vocational education. By adjusting and optimizing the financial expenditure structure, strengthening planning, formulating standards and other measures, we will increase the investment of governments at all levels in vocational education. Local governments should strengthen the layout structure, capital construction, specialty construction and teacher team construction planning of vocational education, and increase investment in key areas and weak links of system construction. Before the end of 20 15, all localities issued the standard of per capita funding or public funding for vocational colleges according to law. Governments at or above the county level shall establish a performance evaluation system for vocational education funds, an announcement system for audit supervision, and an open system for budget and final accounts. Strengthen the information disclosure of vocational colleges in terms of school conditions, personnel training quality, and the use of training funds. Increase the transfer payment of the central government to vocational education in economically underdeveloped areas. Make full use of social capital to develop modern vocational education. Improve the charging system of private vocational education, and gradually form a charging price formation mechanism mainly determined by the market on the basis of improving the information disclosure and quality evaluation standards of private vocational education. Strengthen the supervision and inspection of enterprises to implement the policy of fully withdrawing funds for education and training of employees. Increase the publicity of preferential policies, typical cases and social benefits of vocational education donation. Encourage social forces to invest in vocational education through various factors such as capital, land, equipment, technology and talents. Improve policies such as financial discount loans and improve the financing mechanism of private vocational colleges. Encourage the development of training equipment financial leasing business. Support for-profit vocational education institutions to raise funds through financial means and capital markets. Support domestic and foreign enterprises to actively participate in Chinese-foreign cooperation in running schools in vocational education. Strengthen the basic capacity building of vocational education. Establish a diversified investment mechanism for basic capacity building involving government, industry, enterprises, individuals and society. Implement the plan to improve the quality of modern vocational education, intensify the promotion and implementation of the 12th Five-Year Plan, start the preparation of the 13th Five-Year Plan for the basic capacity building of vocational colleges and incorporate it into the local economic and social development plan, and focus on increasing the support for urgently needed majors (groups) in the fields of modern agriculture, equipment manufacturing, modern service industry, strategic emerging industries, ethnic crafts and basic public services. Actively promote the pilot transformation and development focusing on some local undergraduate universities, support the transformation and development of a number of undergraduate universities into applied technology-oriented universities, and form a number of high-level applied technical personnel training professional clusters that support industrial transformation and upgrading, accelerate the transformation and application of advanced technologies, and have a significant supporting role in regional development. Local governments, relevant industry departments and large enterprises should earnestly strengthen the basic capacity building of vocational colleges and support a number of vocational colleges to strive for the international advanced level.
(seven) improve the system and mechanism to promote the fairness of vocational education.
Promote vocational education for the whole society and everyone. Extensively carry out vocational education and training for junior and senior high school graduates, farmers, new generation migrant workers, retired soldiers, unemployed people and other groups. Attach importance to vocational education for the disabled, fully consider the characteristics and social needs of all kinds of disabled people, pay attention to expanding the scope of professional education, and improve the quality of life and employment services for learners. Accelerate the development of vocational education in poverty-stricken areas. Give full play to the important role of vocational education in poverty alleviation and development, and improve the accuracy of vocational education in poverty alleviation around the industrial development and basic public service needs in poverty-stricken areas. The central and provincial governments and developed areas have increased their support and assistance to vocational education in poverty-stricken areas, old revolutionary base areas, ethnic areas and border areas. Improve the running conditions of vocational colleges in ethnic areas. There are plans to support concentrated contiguous areas with special difficulties to restrict development, and prohibit junior high school graduates from development zones from receiving vocational education in economically developed areas inside and outside provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). Improve the vocational education funding policy system. Improve the fair, just, pluralistic, standardized and efficient national vocational education funding policy system. Gradually establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism for the coverage of grants and subsidy standards in vocational colleges, and increase assistance to students majoring in agriculture, forestry, water, mineral oil and nuclear engineering. Implement the payment method of subsidy funds mainly for direct subsidy individuals, improve the policy design, account management and supervision and inspection mechanism of direct subsidy individuals, and ensure that subsidy funds benefit the educated who really need assistance. Comprehensively consider the requirements of economic and social development and vocational education reform, and adjust the charging standards of vocational colleges in a timely manner.
(8) Innovating the regional cooperation mechanism of vocational education.
Improve the counterpart support mechanism in the eastern, central and western regions. Take vocational education as a priority area for the eastern region to support the central and western regions. Encourage the eastern vocational education group to attract members of vocational colleges in the central and western regions, and the eastern vocational colleges (groups) will provide counterpart support to vocational colleges in the central and western regions. Promote the establishment of a cooperative working mechanism for secondary vocational education in developed and underdeveloped areas. The state formulates a policy of rewarding and subsidizing to support vocational colleges in the eastern region, especially demonstration vocational colleges, to expand the enrollment scale for the central and western regions. Improve the counterpart support mechanism in the eastern, central and western regions, expand the enrollment scale of cooperative schools, set up cross-regional vocational education groups, and summarize and popularize the "9+3" free vocational education model. Improve the enrollment plan and teaching management of Tibetan classes and vocational classes in Xinjiang, make overall arrangements for graduates' employment, and strengthen national unity education. Deepen regional vocational education cooperation. Encourage all localities to break the restrictions of administrative divisions, establish regional vocational education cooperation platforms, and coordinate vocational education development policies. Take the lead in promoting inter-provincial cooperation in personnel training, teacher training, curriculum development, digital teaching resources and sharing of teaching and scientific research achievements in vocational colleges in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta.
(nine) the establishment of vocational education service community mechanism.
Promote community-based running of vocational colleges. All kinds of vocational colleges should play the role of community cultural centers and educational centers, hold various forms of short-term vocational education, continuing education and cultural life courses, and open service facilities and digital educational resources to the society free of charge. By 20 15, all vocational colleges will provide more than 10 community courses. Establish the linkage mechanism between community and vocational colleges. Establish a joint meeting system between the community and vocational colleges, support the community to participate in the formulation of vocational college development planning, campus construction planning, professional construction planning and community service planning, coordinate community enterprises and institutions to provide practice places for vocational colleges, and strengthen the comprehensive management of campus surrounding environment.