A certain social and political system will inevitably affect and restrict the development of education, and education will also promote political development. Therefore, the essence of education is to serve the ruling class, so private schools will flourish during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. However, after Qin unified the world, it was necessary to strengthen centralization, and Qin's ruling philosophy was mainly law. Therefore, in terms of culture and education, the Qin Dynasty took some corresponding measures from the basic policy of respecting the law and excluding Confucianism. Its main points are: issuing a book-carrying order to prohibit private schools from taking officials as teachers.

As a highly centralized society, private schools are forbidden, because private schools are easy to form contradictions inconsistent with the views of the ruling class, laying a curse for social stability.

As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, all ancient cultural relics were in the hands of the government. Rites, music, shooting and dancing are all hidden in the ancestral hall. There are no books and utensils among the people, and academics are dedicated to officials. Education is none other than an official. At that time, I was also studying in the government, and the officer and the teacher were one. By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, academic prosperity, the decline of official learning and the rise of private learning, education broke through the limitation of "taking officials as teachers". Qin unified China, and naturally no longer tolerated the proliferation of private schools.

The reason why Qin implemented the education system based on history was not only the need of centralization, but also the basic policy of worshipping the law and rejecting Confucianism.

First of all, taking officials as teachers is the main battle of law and politics.

Han Fei, a master of legalism, said: "Today, if you learn to write and speak, you will get rich without pains, and if you defeat the enemy without fighting, you will do whatever it takes!" It is based on the wisdom of one hundred people and the efforts of one person. If there are many wise men, the law will be defeated; Those who work hard are few and the country is poor. The world is in a mess. "People who study and engage in theory are rich without labor, without the danger of war, and have social status. Who doesn't want to do such a beautiful thing? Smart people will take advantage of the law, the law will be abolished, and the country will be poor because there are no working people. This is the reason why the world is in chaos. From this, it is not difficult to see the profound hatred of legalists against other theoretical schools, and there are also some shadows of ignorant educational thoughts. On the basis of Shang Yang, Han Feizi further put forward the idea of taking officials as teachers: "Therefore, there is no simple book to govern the country, and the law is to teach;" Without the words of the former king, take the official as the teacher. "This is the ideological basis of the system of officials and teachers.

Second, taking officials as teachers was the political need at that time.

A quarrel at Qin Shihuang's birthday party in 2 13 BC. It is natural to flatter courtiers for the emperor's birthday, but Confucian doctor Chun, who has long been dissatisfied with the abolition of the county and county enfeoffment system, openly sang the opposite, criticized courtiers' flattery, and took the opportunity to criticize the county and county system for being archaic and not long-lasting, so he had a heated debate with Lisi who advocated the county and county system. From the point of view of traditional legalists, Li Si criticized the confusion of Confucianism as a hidden danger of social unrest and suggested that "all laws burn". If you are not a doctor, those who dare to have a hundred poems in the world will be burned to death by the guards. Some people dare to abandon the market and occasionally write poems. The official who knew what to do committed the same crime. If it doesn't burn for the next 30 days, it will be a city. Don't go, books such as medicine, divination and tree planting. If you want to learn laws and regulations, take officials as teachers. "

Starting from consolidating the unified feudal regime, Qin Shihuang resolutely adopted the so-called book-carrying order at the suggestion of Li Si, not to destroy all books, but to ban Confucian classics hidden in the hands of Confucian scholars or ordinary people, and to prohibit officials from learning privately. Including two aspects: first, the restrictions on the collection of books. The second is about the restrictions on running schools. The so-called prohibition of private schools taking officials as teachers does not mean the abolition of education. Provisions: those who want to seek scholars can be arranged according to the feudal dynasty, taking officials as teachers and teaching by law; What is forbidden is only the two-hearted private schools run by Confucianism since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In order to prevent Confucian scholars from gathering disciples to give lectures, forming gangs for personal gain and expanding their power. It can be clearly seen from the reasons and contents of this measure that Qin Shihuang did not want to cancel education and destroy civilization, but to eradicate the ideological influence that endangered feudal centralization.

Thirdly, the essence of taking officials as teachers is to revive official learning.

Due to the special cultural and educational policies, the official teacher system and the establishment of doctoral officers in Qin Dynasty did not establish formal schools. According to historical records, the education in the Qin Dynasty was an official teacher system. This edition of "Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor" contains: If you want to learn the law, you should take the official as your teacher. That is to say, the rulers of the Qin dynasty attached great importance to the education of legal policy, that is, taking law as teaching. The teaching of legal policies mainly depends on officials, that is, taking officials as teachers. The second is to set up doctoral officers. According to Records of Historical Records and Records of Sacrifice to the Suburbs, Qin has dozens of doctors, whose duties are: discussing affairs, preparing advice or telling stories. In addition, they can also receive lectures from students and teach laws, regulations and culture.