1, Introduction
Aristotle's educational thought of harmonious development of body, morality, intelligence and beauty is based on his soul theory. He divided the human soul into three parts: plants, animals and reason.
Among them, the soul of plants is the lowest, mainly in the body part, which refers to the nutrition, growth and development of the body; Animal souls express human instinct, emotion and desire. The soul of reason is an advanced part, which is mainly manifested in thinking, understanding and judgment.
Aristotle put forward the educational thought of harmonious development of body, morality, intelligence and beauty according to his soul theory.
2. Suggestions
Aristotle believes that in children's education, "the first thing is to train their bodies. In his view, the purpose of physical exercise is to make people healthy, strong and brave, and then form the habit of physical exercise, so as to participate in various sports activities.
Aristotle pointed out that the important purpose of physical exercise is to cultivate students' brave quality, but it must not make people "cruel" like Spartans.
Therefore, he demands that students' physical exercise must be moderate, otherwise it will damage children's physique and hinder their growth.
Aristotle also believes that in order to govern the country well, we must attach importance to the moral education of citizens. In moral education, Aristotle emphasized the importance of cultivating students' habits. Because in his view, reason and habit are the foundation of human virtue.
So he pointed out that "when educating children, of course, we must first work hard on their habits."
The purpose of moral education is to gradually develop the good moral character of moderation, moderation, justice, moderation and courage through practical activities and repeated practice.
In terms of intellectual education, Aristotle believes that the purpose of reading, writing and even painting is for future practical application. For example, in order to handle family affairs and engage in political life.
Influenced by Athens' educational thought, Aristotle classified the reading, appreciation and singing of literary works and poems that should belong to intellectual education as music education.
Music education is the core part of Aristotle's educational thought of harmonious development. In Aristotle's view, music is not only the most effective means to implement aesthetic education, but also bears some intellectual education functions and is an indispensable part of moral education.
In his view, music is an important force to form a person's character. It is not only suitable for adolescence, but also for all ages.
By learning music knowledge from an early age, you can recognize the beauty of music and have fun from it. Learning music in adolescence is beneficial to physical exercise and academic performance. When I was young, I studied music to appreciate noble tunes and melodies.
Therefore, Aristotle advocates that music must be included in the education plan.