What are the psychological characteristics of adolescence? What are the most brilliant, beautiful and precious youth years? However, adolescents after puberty are not only a period when their physical and mental health tends to be stereotyped, but also a period when their sexual consciousness germinates and develops?
What are the psychological characteristics of adolescence? 1 1. The psychological characteristics of contradiction
Young friends will change their dependence and timid nature in childhood, become fond of making their own decisions, and are willing to handle things independently, hoping that others will treat them as adults, and their sense of adulthood, self-esteem and independence will be significantly enhanced. However, teenagers at this time are still in the transition period from children to adults. Although their psychological development has begun to shake off the innocence of childhood, they are still not as mature and sophisticated as adults. Therefore, they are often in a contradictory psychological state that I have grown up but am not mature. For example, teenagers often feel that they are very old, want to get rid of bondage and care, and want to act independently like adults, but they will find that they lack the conditions, abilities and experience needed for independence; For another example, with the increase of inner activities, I began to have my own secrets, unwilling to reveal my inner thoughts to the teacher, but I really hope to get respect, understanding and trust from others, and I hope to be recognized and accepted by people around me. This contradictory psychological state easily leads to the contradiction between independence and dependence, and between subjectivity and objectivity, which makes many teenagers fall into anxiety, as if they were in a state of anxiety, depression and rebellion.
Second, the loneliness of adolescence.
In childhood, people gradually realize that others are different from themselves. But in adolescence, self-awareness is stronger. At this time, teenagers often experience loneliness. Although there are fears, worries, loneliness, etc. In childhood, due to the relatively weak self-awareness, the above feelings can be eliminated as long as someone is accompanied. However, teenagers' self-awareness is constantly strengthening and their thinking is developing rapidly. They are often full of all kinds of fantasies and longings, and because their self-realization ability is far from enough, they have a lot of sadness and are easy to close themselves to protect themselves, so sometimes they feel lonely even in the crowd. In addition, teenagers are no longer satisfied with their parents' care and love, but more need to communicate with others and hope to have like-minded friends. Otherwise, they will not be able to share their happiness with others, and their stress and depression will have nowhere to tell, which often brings inexplicable depression. Long-term loneliness will also make teenagers feel frustrated, become more self-enclosed and self-centered, and affect the sound development of their personality.
Third, adolescent inferiority complex.
After entering adolescence, teenagers begin to care more and more about themselves and observe themselves more and more closely. Naturally, they often compare themselves with the people around them, want to affirm themselves, catch up with others everywhere, and make others look at themselves with new eyes. It is in this comparison between people that individuals can easily judge the level between themselves and others. Although there is a positive side that encourages people to forge ahead, it is easy to generalize things because teenagers are often emotional. Once you feel that you are too far behind others in comparison, or you still can't achieve your wishes through your own efforts after comparison, you will feel frustrated, lose everything with pride, become disheartened and feel inferior. Teenagers with inferiority complex will be more sensitive. They have self-esteem and self-confidence. They doubt themselves because they have not done something well, and they are easily hurt. Especially in study, when their grades and intelligence are not as good as their peers, they often can't accept the reality and study hard, but they are impatient and stressed. Lack of ideal self-awareness of physical appearance often brings them trouble, and sometimes they are at a loss because of their rapid growth, such as feeling too fat, too tall, too short, too small eyes and so on. Therefore, inferiority is actually a lack of self-confidence.
Fourth, jealousy in adolescence.
As mentioned above, teenagers often like to keep up with others, but when they find that they are inferior to others in talent, appearance or family conditions, they will have a feeling of envy, worship and efforts to catch up, which is a manifestation of self-motivation. But sometimes there will be unpleasant emotions such as shame, depression and resentment. The latter is human jealousy. In this way, when some teenagers start to worry about their own specialties and pay attention to their classmates' achievements and others' evaluation of themselves, their jealousy will be particularly sensitive. This is mainly because teenagers' psychological development is not yet mature and they don't know enough about their various abilities, so they will feel uneasy when they meet people who are stronger than themselves. In addition, if teenagers are too self-centered, they tend to care more about themselves, lack simple goodwill in their communication with others, and want to show their superiority everywhere, especially when they help more people than themselves, they will strongly hope that others are not as good as themselves in some aspects.
Hegel once said: jealous people can't achieve great things by themselves, but they try to underestimate the strength of others by belittling them and make themselves consistent with others.
Obviously, jealousy is a bad psychological state. It is also extremely unfavorable to the healthy development of teenagers.
Psychological self-regulation of teenagers;
In view of the psychological characteristics of the above-mentioned teenagers, in order to make themselves develop healthily, teenagers must pay attention to psychological self-regulation.
Erickson, a psychologist, particularly emphasized that the important task of teenagers' psychological self-regulation is to know themselves, establish correct self-identity and strong independent self-awareness. This requires:
On the one hand:
Seriously and actively reflect on yourself. As a growing teenager, they will gradually form their own independent opinions and can judge and evaluate the people and things around them with their own eyes. These views come from the observation of people and things. Similarly, knowing yourself and others also requires some observation. Observing yourself is introspection. In the process of introspection, we should pay attention to the following points: first, we should learn to let thinking slowly enter our own lives and calmly analyze ourselves, including our current situation, our relationship with others, our own advantages and disadvantages, our whole life ideal and so on. Second, in introspection, we should avoid being emotional, don't obsess over trivial matters, don't be too confident and proud, try to treat ourselves objectively, accept our occasional contradictions and loneliness, don't need too much worry, and often remind ourselves to try to overcome inferiority and jealousy.
On the other hand:
Get along with people in a friendly and harmonious way. Interpersonal communication plays a very important role in the mental health development of teenagers. Without interpersonal communication, teenagers can't grow up healthily. Through the evaluation and help of others, teenagers can receive more knowledge, truly feel the care between people, and at the same time, they can better understand their position in the eyes of others and correct their shortcomings in time, thus forming a more complete self-image. This is also very conducive to solving inner ambivalence and loneliness.
On the other hand:
Is to accept yourself and improve yourself. Ordinary people can't be perfect or worthless. Accepting yourself is not only to see your own advantages, but also to study and live confidently. But also means to be aware of your own shortcomings and deficiencies, not to deny them, but to improve them through acceptance, not to be proud of your own advantages, and not to feel inferior because of your own shortcomings. The key here is to ask our young friends to believe that they are valuable people, so as to go all out to realize their value.
The reason why self-affirmation in self-regulation is emphasized is because it is related to the future development of individuals.
Conclusion: Everyone has strengths and advantages. Everyone will feel different psychological states at different times. If you have ever had conflicts, loneliness, inferiority or jealousy, it is not surprising. Growing people are inevitable, but growing people can also get rid of these feelings and give full play to their potential through their own adjustment. Remember: Self-confidence is the starting point for self-achievement, and strive to ensure it.
What are the psychological characteristics of adolescence? 2 common psychological problems in adolescence:
Curious, competitive, one-sided vanity.
With the development of the body and the expansion of social communication, the self-esteem of teenagers is increasing day by day. However, this self-esteem is easily distorted by the pursuit of vanity. For example, one-sided vanity is used to satisfy one's curiosity, competitiveness and psychological desire for self-expression. In recent years, the number of teenagers smoking and drinking is on the rise, mainly because of curiosity, which makes them look like adults, easy to make friends, more relaxed, natural and unrestrained, generous, competitive and so-called "psychological rebellion." Some girls excessively pursue dressing up and emphasize high consumption before they go out of society. If this kind of bad psychology is left unchecked, it may go astray.
Dissatisfaction with spiritual and cultural life
Many teenagers in rural and remote areas share this mentality. They think that their real life is far from the way of life in books and movies, and their cultural life is poor, or they are overwhelmed by the increasingly heavy study burden and have no time to enjoy the fun of cultural life. The dull and monotonous life can't meet their spiritual and cultural needs, and they are dissatisfied or bored. In order to enrich their spiritual life, they will blindly seek spiritual stimulation and so-called joy in society. It is conceivable that if it is allowed to develop, what kind of consequences will be produced.
Immature love psychology
Due to the development of physical developmental psychological activities and the influence of objective environment, teenagers gradually have a good impression on the opposite sex, and the courtship psychology begins to sprout. However, limited by their knowledge structure, knowledge level and life experience, their understanding of love is still superficial and hazy, which seems childish and immature. Some people are eager to find opportunities to experience the taste of love, so there will be unhealthy phenomena such as puppy love, unrequited love and polyandry. These immature love psychology is harmful to oneself, others and even society.
Sexual Mystery and Sexual Impulse Psychology
After entering adolescence, due to the rapid development and maturity of sexual function, teenagers are interested in sexual knowledge. However, due to the relative lag of sex education for teenagers in China, a considerable number of teenagers have a certain sense of sexual mystery and ignorance. Driven by this psychology and the above-mentioned immature love psychology, people often lack sufficient understanding of sexual morality and sexual civilization, so that they can't control the temptation of external bad factors, which is easy to produce sexual impulses and eventually lead to deviant behavior and serious consequences.
Degrade one's inferiority complex.
Inferiority is a defect in the development of teenagers' personality, which degrades their ability and quality, and may be accompanied by some special emotional experiences, such as shyness, guilt, sadness and self-blame. Inferiority often affects interpersonal relationships, thus deepening inferiority complex. A large number of facts show that low test scores, repeated scores, frequent criticism, and even appearance and figure do not meet social aesthetic standards may be the reasons for inferiority. Inferiority can easily cause teenagers to give up on themselves and not strive for progress.
Right and wrong fuzzy psychology
Most teenagers are not deeply involved in the world and have shallow experience, which is easy to produce ambiguous psychology. In addition, some parents or teachers adopt closed education methods, which leads to various rebellious psychology of teenagers, which will lead them to distinguish right from wrong, run counter to the correct guiding ideology of education, and even go astray.
Adolescence is a very sensitive growth stage, and young friends should pay attention to adjusting and balancing many psychological misunderstandings during this period. We should strengthen the cultivation of our own psychological ability. If we have any bad psychology, we should take courage and perseverance to overcome it and get rid of it after discovering it.
What are the psychological characteristics of adolescence? What are the methods of adolescent mental health education?
First, face up to psychological problems and shape students' sound personality.
Sound personality is an essential quality for students to go to society, and the shaping of sound personality must follow the law of students' physical and mental development. Senior high school students are in the awakening and development period of "self-consciousness" and "independent consciousness". When they grow up, there are still many immature places, and they must rely on the guidance and help of teachers. It is necessary to change "external plastic" into "internal plastic", master students' hobbies, enrich students' lives, and make students full of confidence in their study and future. Teach students to learn self-evaluation, self-regulation and self-control from the aspects of modern consciousness, self-cognition, basic moral norms and codes of conduct, so as to form their own relatively stable personality characteristics and achieve the goal of constantly improving personality shaping.
Second, give psychological guidance to adolescent students and teach them the methods of psychological adjustment.
High school students entering adolescence, with the maturity of physical development, will inevitably have curiosity about the opposite sex and look for love. They are inexperienced in life, impulsive, lack of self-control, and easily fall into the quagmire of puppy love. In order to guide students to correctly understand the harm of puppy love and successfully spend adolescence, psychological counseling is needed for students. Chatting is one of the effective ways to deal with students' psychological emotions. If teachers can skillfully grasp the opportunity, take the knowledge of adolescence and sexual psychology as the guide, and analyze it layer by layer, it will go deep into students' hearts and enlighten them. In addition, there are sensitive and important issues such as "idolization phenomenon" such as "super girl" and "pursuing high consumption" such as wearing brand-name clothes. If teachers can use relevant psychological knowledge for educational guidance, their persuasiveness is far better than empty preaching.
Our school has brought adolescent education into the scope of students' ideological and moral education, and regularly provides adolescent education to students, including modern youth outlook, adolescent physiological and psychological knowledge, watching adolescent knowledge videos, questionnaire design, distribution and analysis. With what kind of outlook on life as the theme, organize students to discuss and discuss in various forms, guide students to draw a clear line between pure friendship, sincere love and puppy love, recognize the scientific outlook on life, set up lofty ideals and aspirations, educate students to cherish the good times of adolescence, concentrate on their studies, let students know themselves, and achieve self-love, self-respect, self-respect and self-improvement, with certain self-control ability.
Third, build an overpass to pour out one's feelings and carry out psychological consultation.
People's psychological activities have their hidden side, and students hope to solve some hidden psychological problems through counseling, especially individual counseling. In order to eliminate students' prejudice and misunderstanding about mental illness, such as mystery, fear and shame, we always adhere to the principle of confidentiality in consulting work, starting with prevention. Teachers use the opportunity of individual talk and individual education to guide some students with psychological problems and obstacles according to the actual situation of students, and strengthen individual education for students. For example, students who are introverted and unsociable can combine relevant social psychology knowledge to carry out social communication and social adaptation education; For those so-called "hopeless" students, guide them to exercise their will quality; For students with poor academic performance, we should not only educate them for the purpose of learning, but also teach them scientific methods of observation, memory and thinking, so that they can improve their learning methods and make greater progress; Students' emotional, personality and interpersonal defects caused by mental health problems should be eliminated in various ways to avoid unnecessary harm and consequences. When conducting individual education and psychological counseling, the tone should be mild, the attitude should be sincere, and the appropriate place should be chosen for conversation. This will help students better adapt to society and know themselves, improve themselves, and promote students' self-awareness of self-psychological health care and self-psychological support system.
Fourth, establish new health files and psychological files.
After freshmen enter the school, the school conducts physical examination for students every year, and establishes a health card for each student to understand and master the physical development of students. Physical education class regularly tests students' health. The school has formulated the standard grading standard of the exercises between classes, designed the list of the exercises between classes, and assessed the quality of the exercises between classes from three aspects: fast, quiet and orderly. In this way, the quality of recess exercise has been improved, and students who are growing and developing in adolescence have been exercised, which is more conducive to their health.
Teachers can use observation, experiment, scale measurement and other methods to understand and master the characteristics and level of each student's psychological development and establish each student's psychological file. For example, students' psychological characteristics such as intelligence development level, personality characteristics and temperament types can be measured by psychological scale; We can also understand the psychological development of students' psychological process, emotional will, self-awareness and social communication ability through observation and experiment. You can also understand the typical psychology of students through their manners, notes, articles and behavior. Then teachers can establish psychological files in the form of cards for future management, education and teaching activities.
Through the above work, we can better understand the psychological and physiological state of students. It can not only take care of students' common age characteristics, but also take into account each student's personality characteristics, systematically and dynamically observe their psychological changes and development process, and truly teach students in accordance with their aptitude and prescribe the right medicine.