original text

He is quick-thinking and eager for knowledge, and he is never shy to ask his subordinates for advice. A person's real knowledge lies in knowing what he knows and what he doesn't know. Know silently, never tire of learning, never tire of teaching. The Analects of Confucius

I have tasted that there are three times to learn, namely, heart, eyes and mouth. The heart is not here, the eyes don't look closely, the heart is not single-minded, it can only read, never remember, and it won't last long. Of the three, the heart is the most urgent. Since the heart is here, won't the eyes be there? (from Zhu)

When reading, Gai scholars should be ambitious, knowledgeable and persistent. If you are ambitious, you will never be willing to be dirty; If you have knowledge, you know that knowledge is infinite, and you dare not sell yourself short. Such as Hebo watching the sea, such as a well frog peeping into the sky, no one knows; Nothing is impossible if you have perseverance. These three are indispensable. (from Zeng Guofan)

Full text translation:

Smart and studious people are not ashamed to ask for advice from people who are lower in status and less knowledgeable than themselves. Knowing is knowing, and not knowing is not knowing. This is true wisdom. Remember what you have learned silently, so that you are not satisfied with your study and don't know how tired you are.

I once said: reading pays attention to "three", that is, when reading, you should concentrate, read carefully and read aloud. If the heart is not in the book, then the eyes will not look carefully; Because the mind and eyes are not centralized and unified, they just look casually and will not remember. Even if they do, they will not remember for a long time. Of the three, the heart is the most important. If you concentrate, will your eyes and mouth wander?

Scholars should be ambitious, knowledgeable and persistent in reading. If you have ambition, you will never be willing to be inferior; If you are knowledgeable, you will know that there is no end to learning. If you have no experience, you will not be satisfied with yourself. For example, Hebo looks at the sea and the frog at the bottom of the well looks at the sky, all of which are ignorant; With perseverance, nothing is impossible. Aspiring, erudite and persistent are indispensable.

To annotate ...

Min: Smart.

Good: preference.

Shame: feel ashamed.

Know: Know "wisdom", be smart and wise.

Tired: satisfied.

Teaching: teaching.

Say: say.

Manlang: Whatever.

Urgent: important, important.

G: at the beginning of the sentence, send the word.

Teacher: generally refers to the intellectual class.

Constant: perseverance.

Dirty: inferior, inferior.

Paragraph: adverb, which means absolute and certain.

Brief introduction of the author

Zhu (1130 September15 ~1200 April 23rd) 52 lines, nicknamed Lang Lang, small print, dark word, dark number, later called Dark Weng, also known as Mr. Ziyang and Kao. Shi Wen, also known as Zhu Wengong. Han nationality, whose ancestral home is Wuyuan County (now Wuyuan, Jiangxi Province), Jiangnan East Road, was born in Youxi, Nanjian Prefecture (now Sanming City, Fujian Province). Zhu Zi was a famous philosopher, thinker, educator, poet and representative of Fujian School in the Southern Song Dynasty, and he was the most outstanding master of Confucianism since Confucius and Mencius.

Problem induction

1, what does Zhu's reading method "three" specifically mean?

Three: the heart should understand, the eyes should see and the mouth should read. Spiritual enlightenment refers to thinking, and only through "enlightenment"-repeated taste can we understand the essence of books; Eyes should look carefully to remember knowledge comprehensively and accurately; The mouth should read the sound, so as to mobilize the comprehensive functions of hearing and vision, enhance memory and help understanding. These three "Dao" are summarized accurately, and the words are boring and thought-provoking, thus becoming the guidelines of later scholars.

2. How to understand Zeng Guofan's reading "three haves"?

Zeng Guofan put forward "three haves" in reading: one must have ambition, the other must have knowledge, and the third must have perseverance. If you have ambition, you will not be willing to be a lowly person. Only with knowledge can we understand the endless truth of learning. If you have perseverance, nothing is impossible. To achieve something, these three aspects are indispensable.

3. What does the reading method of this article inspire you?

From the Analects of Confucius, I understand that besides hard work, dedication and "shameless" are required in reading. Everyone has his own strengths. If you keep learning from others, you will really grow. From Zhu's words, I know the importance of studying wholeheartedly. Only with one heart and one mind can reading get twice the result with half the effort. From Zeng Guofan's words, I understand the importance of ambition, knowledge and perseverance, and inspire me to have ambition, knowledge and perseverance in reading.