Chapter 7 of Gardener and Carpenter ~ Practice while learning. Adults think that most learning is the result of teaching, which is what we think of as mastering learning, but in fact, inquiry learning is more important. We always have the wrong educational purpose. In fact, the real educational significance is to track the true face of the world.

1. Apprenticeship is the mainstream education mode in history.

Subsequently, the author discusses the view that pre-school apprenticeship training is history education, and goal-oriented school education is the mainstream, and introduces the significance of school education and the advantages and disadvantages of master learning methods.

2. Important education takes place outside school.

For school-age children, the biggest and most challenging change is the transition from caring-centered life to peer-centered life, which includes friends and enemies, leaders and followers, and lovers and competitors who will dominate our adult life.

After reading this, I finally returned to whether the contents expressed in the seven chapters of stroke explain the center of this book. The book introduces the author's understanding of several ways to explore the world, so that people can take this as a reference and educate their children as gardeners or carpenters to shape them according to a standard.

3. Adolescence: Wandering between impulse and control.

? The biggest difference between adolescent children and former children is that their studies leave the reserve and they act independently. As parents, we protect our children from danger from birth to childhood, but in adolescence, we must face them together or try to turn them into independent adventurers.

? Characteristics of adolescent children: The brain reproduces the neural flexibility and plasticity of preschool children. But this is not like preschool classes in adult protected areas, learning to take risks independently. I think this is one kind of control mentioned in the book: adolescent children's self-judgment and control trained through their own experiences, and the other: parents' passive intervention and control without leaving traces, such as easier access to condoms rather than prohibiting sexual behavior.

How to do it: What adolescence needs most is social rewards, especially the respect of peers. (similar scene: the feeling of first love, basketball wins the championship). The impulse of adolescence is not because they underestimate the risk, but because they overestimate the return. What parents can do in the book is to provide a more abstract and social environment, 1 summer job, 2 summer camp and travel, 3 working with children, and adolescent children observe and help scientists and scholars.