1, agricultural transformation:
Principle: Follow the principles of voluntariness and mutual benefit, typical demonstration and state assistance.
Policy: Implement the policy of active leadership and steady progress.
Methods and steps: First, establish a mutual aid group (socialist budding nature), then enter a primary agricultural cooperative (semi-socialist nature), and finally establish a senior agricultural cooperative (socialist nature), which is a transformation process from low to high.
2. Transformation of competitors' industries:
Policy: Actively lead and make steady progress in competitive industries.
Methods and steps: On the basis of voluntary mutual assistance, we should adopt the ways of persuasion, education, demonstration and national help, starting from supply and marketing cooperation and gradually developing into the road of production cooperation. Specifically, it has gone through three steps: from small to large, from low to high. The first step is to set up handicraft supply and marketing teams, the second step is to set up handicraft supply and marketing cooperatives, and the third step is to set up handicraft production cooperatives.
3, the transformation of capitalist industry and commerce:
The capitalist industrial and commercial reform adopts the policy of "utilization, restriction and transformation" and the method of "peaceful redemption". Specifically, it is to gradually transform capitalist private ownership into socialist public ownership through the way of state capitalism from low form to high form.
The "peaceful redemption" method of capitalist industry and commerce. "Peaceful redemption" means that the state turns private enterprises into state-owned enterprises and capitalist private ownership into socialist public ownership with compensation.
The reason for adopting the policy of "peaceful redemption" is that the national bourgeoisie is an ally of the democratic revolution. During the period of new democratic countries, the working class was exploited, the constitution was supported, and reforms were accepted, so confiscation could not be adopted. Implementing the policy of "peaceful redemption" can give full play to its positive side which is beneficial to the national economy and people's livelihood.
Adopt the way of "peaceful redemption": adopt the policy of distributing profits before public-private partnership in the whole industry; After the public-private partnership of the whole industry, the policy of "fixed interest" will be adopted. Public-private partnership in the whole industry is a symbol of the basic completion of the socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce in China.
Form of state capitalism from low to high: in the socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce, state capitalism is the main form of transforming capitalist industry and commerce.
State capitalism refers to capitalism in which the proletarian state can limit and stipulate its scope of activities. Therefore, the state capitalist economy refers to the capitalist economy under the management of the people's government, which is linked with the state-owned socialist economy in various forms and supervised by workers.
The transformation of capitalist industry and commerce with China characteristics has created a series of forms of state capitalism from low to high. The low-level forms of state capitalism are processing and ordering, unified purchase and underwriting, and distribution and consignment. The advanced form of state capitalism is public-private partnership.
1956 The decisive victory in China's socialist transformation marked the transition from a new democratic society to a socialist society in China and the beginning of the primary stage of socialism in China.
Extended data:
Three major renovation times: 1953- 1956.
The purpose of agricultural socialist transformation is to take the socialist road of collectivization and common prosperity.
The essence of the three major changes: the change from private ownership of means of production to socialist public ownership.
The significance of the three major changes: the basic completion of the three major changes has realized the task of transforming private ownership of means of production into socialist public ownership. China initially established the basic socialist system and entered the primary stage of socialism.
The shortcomings of the three major transformations are: the late requirements are too urgent, the work is too rough, and the changes are too fast.
Baidu Encyclopedia-China's Socialist Transformation