The New Women Rising in the May 4th Movement
19 19, the May 4th movement swept through Shanghai. Yu Qingtang, who was studying in Santa Maria at that time and served as the president of the Student Union, immediately responded, and gathered with representatives of Fudan Public School on Haige Road (now Huashan Road) to organize the "Shanghai Student Union", issued a declaration, decided to strike classes, organized demonstrations and took to the streets to give speeches. After "June 3rd", this scrawny "daughter" even broke through the school ban, leading female students to take to the streets early in the morning with bamboo tubes on her back, while promoting and raising money, encouraging businessmen to strike and workers to strike. "Run for a cry, work hard for a forbearance, and always walk in front of others." After that, she actively participated in the preparatory work of the National Federation of Students, and was elected as the representative of Shanghai Federation of Students to attend the meeting of the National Federation of Students. At the preparatory meetings and board meetings after its establishment, Yu Qingtang always said, "Kan Kan hits the nail on the head every time he speaks. He is not bored to that extent, and his attitude is heavy and sincere, which left a deep impression on the student representatives of various schools. " Yu Qingtang is a new woman conceived in the May 4th Movement.
Perhaps she comes from an educational family and has a unique vision of education. Before the May 4th Movement, in her early twenties, she had published an article in the school magazine Fengzao, suggesting that "the country was established in an era of fierce competition between East and West" and must "popularize education". After the May 4th Movement, she realized that "the strength of students alone is not enough", and she wanted to "awaken the people through education". She is determined to study education in the new world.
1965438+In August 2009, Yu Qingtang sold her wedding gold ornaments and went to study in the United States with the support of her brother. She went to Harvard University and Columbia University to study sociology and teaching successively, and studied under Dr. Dewey and Dr. Keberqu. She studied hard and completed the university course in two years, and obtained a bachelor's degree from Teachers College of Columbia University. She is in a foreign country and her heart is attached to the motherland; As the president of China Student Union, she often talks about state affairs with overseas students in China and publishes political comments such as "Don't forget the Shandong issue".
Although Qing Yu Hall was Dewey's disciple, he was not bound by Dewey. Dewey's theory of "education is life" was once regarded as an educational classic by the west, but Qing Yu Hall developed Dewey's theory in the later educational practice, holding that "school life is only a stage of life" and "current school education can never represent a lifelong process. The greatest role of education is to continue to guide the whole life. " Put forward a new proposition that "life is education".
Outstanding social educator
1922 In April, Yu Qingtang and her fiance Yi (the eldest son of Chinese educator and master of Chinese studies Tang) returned to China and got married in Wuxi. After the marriage, Qing Yu Tang was hired as the second normal school in Jiangsu Province and a professor at Shanghai Daxia University. At the beginning of her teaching, she discovered the disadvantages of old China education: "Education in China only cares about some school-age children. Those who step into the school gate are all children above the urban middle class, and most of them are children of rural landlords. As for the working people and their children, the vast majority are rejected outside the school gate. " Therefore, this person full of the spirit of the May 4th Movement is determined to provide private education for people.
1June, 927, Yu Qingtang was appointed as a professor and director of continuing education department of Sun Yat-sen University (later changed to Central University) and was appointed to plan social education in Jiangsu Province. She put forward the idea of vigorously promoting mass education, arguing that "mass education is the basic education for children, teenagers and adults who have dropped out of school, and it is also the continuing education and further study of basic education", which is the "forward-looking" education of the whole people. Yu Qingtang said that this was inspired by Sun Yat-sen's "must arouse the people" and "obey the will of the Prime Minister".
1928 In March, in order to train mass education teachers, she founded a mass education school in Suzhou Central University District, drafted the school charter herself and served as the principal. In order to provide practical research for teachers and students, she has established experimental units in Wuxi, such as mass education experimental area, workers' education experimental area, mass library, farmers' education museum and mass education college. Thanks to the active planning and overall organization of Qingtang, Jiangsu's mass education has developed strongly and achieved remarkable results. By 1929, there are mass schools in the province 134 1, mass education halls 3 10, and farmers' education halls 82. 1932, she joined the national social educators to form the China Social Education Society, with more than 1000 members, distributed in 2 1 provinces and cities, Europe, America, Japan and other countries. She was elected Executive Director and Director-General. Under the advocacy of Yu Qingtang, mass education was promoted from Jiangsu province to the whole country, and she was known as "the nanny of mass education".
193 1 After the September 18th Incident, students from all over the country sent delegations to Nanjing to petition against the "nonresistance" of the Kuomintang government. Afterwards, the authorities ordered the petitioners to repent, and Yu Qingtang stepped forward and made a generous statement in front of Shangfeng: "What's wrong with demanding anti-Japanese? Do students have to be the conquered? Petition students have nothing to repent of, but those who ask others to repent first should repent! " After Guo Yingqiu, the battalion chief, was arrested, Yu Qingtang stepped forward to rescue him and finally released the revolutionary youth.
During the period of 1935, the "December 9" movement in Beijing quickly spread to the whole country. 12 On the night of February 26th, Shanghai students who went to Nanjing to petition were detained by the Kuomintang gendarmerie at Wuxi Station. Yu Qingtang immediately led a group of students from the Institute of Education to the station with food for condolences. The next morning, she called her classmates together and shouted, "You can't leave them alone. As students, you should unite to save the suffering students! " She lit a fire and made the students excited. Despite the school's obstruction, the students lined up from various side doors and rushed to the Zhongnan Grand Theatre where the detained Shanghai students lived. Social practice has enabled her to have an unparalleled understanding of China society than intellectuals studying in ivory towers. She once said with deep sorrow: "Little by little, mass educators have made some achievements, but they can't resist imperialist aggression, feudal oppression, and little by little achievements can't resist imperialist forces-rushing in and it's all over. I have worked for so many years and feel that this is a social system problem! "
1936 65438+ 10/9, Mr. Lu Xun passed away. Yu Qingtang broke through many obstacles. In Wuxi, she participated in the preparations for the memorial service led by * * and wrote an elegy: "Don't be an empty writer, the deceased shouldered the burden of liberating the nation with an iron pen and iron shoulders; If the living want to be real revolutionaries, they should show their hearts and blood and drive away the enemies who oppress China. " Lu Xun's portrait is hung on both sides.
1936, Yu Qingtang took the lead in establishing a specialized course of audio-visual education to guide teachers and students to shoot the anti-Japanese film "Fifty-six Years of Pain History" and show it all over the country. In May, 1938 was invited to attend the Lushan Women's Symposium and met Deng. Their speech on "developing women's production in the rear" was welcomed by Deng.
China is a pioneer of community education and a model of mass education.
From 1945 to 10, Qing Yu Tang became the Director of Social Education Department of education bureau of shanghai with full enthusiasm for promoting public education. She founded hundreds of popular schools. Personally mobilize nearby residents to study at the school, and set up morning classes for children, afternoon classes for women and evening classes at Shanghai Experimental People's School (now Shanghai Jing 'an District Amateur University), with a total of 1700 people. Qing Yu Hall organizes teachers and students to attend classes while building a campus. After class, organize students to participate in colorful entertainment activities, singing, dancing and rehearsing. It is not surprising that father and son, mother and son, and even grandparents and grandchildren go to the same school. The masses call it "the great people's school for the poor." 1946, Ye Shengtao, a famous educator, visited the school and praised it: "It is rare to talk about schools in China."
Among the teachers and students in this school, some are * * * members and revolutionary youths. They took advantage of the opportunity of popularizing popular education to actively carry out revolutionary activities, making this school an important stronghold "democratic fortress" for training revolutionary cadres and carrying out revolutionary activities. This caused the panic of the Kuomintang authorities, and the Kuomintang Shanghai Senate even proposed a bill to cancel the experimental public school. With the support of the underground party, people from all walks of life and parents of students, Yu Qingtang United all teachers and students to carry out the campaign of caring for the school. She said: "Experimental private schools are never allowed to be abolished or reorganized, and I will never resign. Even if the order to cancel or reorganize comes down, I won't go; Unless those gentlemen use the police to drive me away. " Wu Guozhen, the mayor of Shanghai, and Li Ximou, the director of education, invited Qing Yu to dinner and threatened her with both soft and hard inducements. She never gave in and said, "I don't care if Qing Tang dies at school." Thanks to the resolute struggle of all the teachers and students, this school was finally preserved, and she was called "the mother of folk education".
From 65438 to 0947, Yu Qingtang became a member of the China Committee of UNESCO. Her achievements in mass education are well-known at home and abroad. She developed regional educational resources. The practice and theory of "Socialization of Education and Social Education" prove that she is the pioneer of community education in China.
Do your best for people's education.
From 65438 to 0948, Yu Qingtang visited the United States for basic education, and then went to Columbia University for further education. 1949 In May, she received a telegram from the All-China Women's Federation: "Grandma's birthday, welcome back." Yu Qingtang was very excited, because she knew that this was China's coming back to attend the new CPPCC and founding ceremony. Although her physical strength has not recovered after the operation for abdominal tumor, she survived. After Qing Yu attended the CPPCC meeting in Beijing, Zhou Enlai talked to her and hoped that she would stay in Beijing as the director of the Social Education Department of the Ministry of Education of the Central People's Government. She readily accepted the appointment and said that she was "willing to step up her study and work hard to serve the people."
19491010.3, Yu Qingtang took office in the Ministry. She devoted herself to her work, presided over the drafting of the social education plan of 1950, and prepared to carry out social education nationwide. Although suffering from severe hypertension, she often works from morning till night. On February 4, that year, 65438, it was Sunday, and she felt that she had to see a doctor. However, she attended the meeting of social supervisors of vocational education in China during the day and discussed social education issues with Vice Minister Qian Junrui at night. /kloc-went to bed at 0: 30, and finally died of cerebral hemorrhage in the middle of the night because of overwork, at the age of 52.
After Yu Qingtang's death, Premier Zhou Enlai personally went to the Ministry of Education to bid farewell to her body. Dong and Lu personally went to the Ministry of Education to express their condolences. Memorial services were held for her in Beijing, Shanghai, Wuxi, Suzhou and even new york. Set up the "Yu Qingtang President Memorial Room" in Shanghai Jing 'an Amateur University.
1985, Chairman Deng of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference wrote an inscription for Mr. Yu Qingtang Memorial Hall in Wuxi: "In memory of the people's educator Mr. Yu Qingtang". There is a statue monument of Mr. Qing Yu Tang in the campus of Shanghai Jing 'an Amateur University, and a monument inscribed by Vice President Lei Jieqiong is embedded in the wall of the original education building. Lei Jieqiong's inscription: "Dedicate yourself to the mass education of Mr. Qing Yu Tang", and Zhao Puchu's inscription; "Learn and never tire of teaching people, and do your best for people's education.
Do your best. "