According to the scientific, practical and service characteristics of medicine, combined with the reality of moral education in teaching hospitals, we should fully understand the urgency of strengthening and improving professional ethics education for medical students under the new situation, and strive to make moral education in teaching hospitals reach a new level. With the continuous improvement of market economy and the deepening of medical and health reform, the values of medical staff have changed greatly, and the moral values are diversified. People's way of thinking, value orientation and moral concepts have also undergone profound changes, resulting in the impact and alternation of various concepts, which has brought a new situation to medical students' professional ethics education.
"The so-called professional ethics is the sum of moral norms, moral sentiments and moral qualities that are closely related to people's professional activities and meet the requirements of professional characteristics. Professional ethics is the basic code of conduct that all employees should follow in their professional activities, covering the relationship between employees and customers, occupations and employees, and occupations and occupations. With the development of modern social division of labor and the enhancement of specialization, the market competition is becoming increasingly fierce, and the whole society has higher and higher requirements for employees' professional concept, attitude, skills, discipline and style. "[1]. It is an important part of social morality, a concrete manifestation of social morality in professional activities, and a more specific, professional and personalized social morality.
Medical students' professional ethics education is a purposeful, organized and planned systematic education for medical students in accordance with the requirements of socialist professional ethics, so as to cultivate noble moral quality and improve their professional moral quality. Under the new situation, strengthening the construction of medical students' professional ethics and comprehensively improving the quality of medical students' professional ethics is an important content of conscientiously implementing the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Further Strengthening and Improving College Students' Ideological and Political Education, and also an important content of correcting unhealthy trends in the medical industry.
1 the importance of professional ethics education for medical students under the new situation
At present, China's medical and health system tends to be commercialized and marketized, and the State Council Development Research Center has put forward a new medical reform framework for China's medical and health system reform. In such a turning medical situation, it is particularly important to strengthen the professional ethics education of medical students. As a teaching hospital, the students trained not only have high technical requirements, but also have strong professional ability. First of all, to become a qualified medical worker, we must have the idea of dedicating ourselves to the medical cause and serving patients wholeheartedly. Without this idea as the basis, no matter how high the medical skill is, it is empty talk. As President Yu, a national model worker, said, "There are patients with medical faults, patients with medical injuries and patients with medical help." Therefore, professional ethics education must adhere to the characteristics of health industry and medical students and pay attention to professional ethics education, especially for those students who have no work experience, which will have a far-reaching impact on their life development.
1. 1 The lofty and sacred profession of doctor makes it necessary for us to review the Hippocratic oath.
Medicine is a science to explore the mysteries of human life. Many things in the world can be restored, but life cannot be regenerated. The unparalleled cherish and care for life makes medicine seem so supreme and lofty, thus making people who pursue medical career seem so lofty and sacred (Hippocratic oath: the sacred code that warned human professional ethics in ancient Greece, hereinafter referred to as oath). The Hippocratic oath has been circulated for 2400 years and has become the most sacred moral principle of doctors' profession since ancient times. Up to now, almost all medical students have to learn the Hippocratic oath in the first class and ask them to take a formal oath. As a sacred principle of professional ethics, it is still extremely important for a clinical medical student. "oath" requires respecting teachers and inheriting; Only for the benefit of patients, not harming others; Treat patients equally, regardless of grade; Respect the patient's right to privacy and keep it strictly confidential. For thousands of years, the connotation of the Hippocratic oath has been the goal and code of conduct of all doctors and medical students. Under the current new situation, combined with the spirit of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council's Decision on Health Reform and Development, medical students in the whole school should consciously abide by the "oath", that is, serve patients wholeheartedly, establish good professional ethics, and cultivate the humanitarian spirit of saving lives, strong professional responsibility, lofty professional quality and selfless dedication. If you violate the Hippocratic oath, it is equivalent to treachery and eternal shame. Because the future medical work of medical students is directly related to people's life and health, we must attach importance to the professional ethics education of medical students.
1.2 The high risk of doctors' profession makes it necessary to reiterate the education of professional ideals.
Vocational ideal education is not only vocational education, but also ideal education, and it is also a kind of professional ethics education. Doctors are a profession with dangers and risks. No matter plague, smallpox, leprosy, AIDS, including infectious diseases such as SARS in the past, or risk factors such as radiation injury, chemical poison injury and needle infection, they have threatened the lives of countless doctors. Teaching hospitals have the responsibility to guide medical students' career direction and cultivate medical students' professional ethics and quality through professional ideal education. Since you choose the profession of doctor, it means you choose the corresponding responsibilities and risks. Because only by knowing the difficulties of medical career will there be fearless climbers who advance wave after wave; Only by knowing the preciousness of life and the incomparable love for life can there be brave and selfless devotees who protect life with life and exchange life for life. In the battle against SARS that year, the soldiers in white used their own actions to interpret the profound connotation of medical workers' saving lives and selfless dedication, and practiced the Hippocratic oath of voluntary dedication to medicine, becoming the most lovely people on the battlefield without smoke. As Marx said, "We should choose a career that can best work for mankind, so that our happiness will belong to millions of people and our cause will exist quietly." . In the face of our ashes, noble people will cry. "The career ideal education of medical students is particularly important today.
Under the trend of commercialization and marketization of medical system, it is necessary to attach importance to professional ethics education.
At present, China's medical industry is facing severe challenges in the period of social transformation, and the relationship between doctors and patients is tense. People lack confidence in such a humane career. In order to maintain the sanctity and loftiness of doctors' profession, we urgently need to educate medical students on professional ethics. Judging from the current situation of medical service system, good professional ethics is the prerequisite for competent medical work. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people's demand for medical care has turned to more extensive and socialized medical services such as rehabilitation, psychotherapy, health education, prevention and care of senile diseases and degenerative diseases. Some medical students trained by medical colleges will be enriched to hospitals, and some will become community general practitioners. However, whether it is a hospital doctor or a community general practitioner, their duty is to provide quality services for patients. Good professional ethics is not icing on the cake, but the basic premise of doing a good job. Without basic professional ethics and good service to patients or residents, they may not be competent for medical work. Judging from the correct handling of the doctor-patient relationship at present, it is based on the good professional ethics of doctors. The current medical model has changed from "biomedical" model to "social-psychological-medical" model, and the causes of diseases are becoming more and more complicated. Only when doctors and patients respect each other, cooperate with each other and fight against diseases together can health be maintained. This requires medical students to cultivate their sound personality and good professional ethics in clinical practice.
2 under the new situation, medical students' professional ethics education training approach
In order to improve the effectiveness and effect of professional ethics education for medical students in China, it is necessary to constantly improve and perfect the existing professional ethics training channels and expand new channels. When discussing and studying the ways to cultivate medical students' professional ethics at home and abroad, we should learn from others' strengths and form a way to cultivate medical students' professional ethics, which is characterized by professional ethics education throughout the whole process of professional education, combines professional ethics education with clinical medical practice, and aims at improving medical students' self-moral education ability, and is suitable for China characteristics.
2. 1 Define the goal and value system of professional ethics education for medical students.
The theoretical course of medical ethics is the main channel of professional ethics education in schools. From the basic methods of ideological education, theoretical education is the most important and basic educational method [2], and its task is to cultivate students' professionalism at the theoretical level. The Office of the Medical College of the American Medical Association and the American Association of Medical Colleges and Universities held a meeting in May, 1998, to discuss how to strengthen the cultivation of medical professionalism. Most schools in the United States have realized that it is necessary to emphasize professionalism as a key factor in the education of medical students, and have set up formal courses on professionalism and professional value. At the same time, they also clearly emphasized the attribute of professionalism in medical college teaching, that is, personal interests are subordinate to patients' interests, adhere to noble ethical standards, respond to social needs, and show core humanistic values [3]. This has certain enlightenment to our current professional ethics education.
2.2 Pay attention to the application of medical students' professional ethics education in clinical practice.
Teaching hospitals can offer professional ethics clinical practice courses, organize and implement professional ethics education for medical students during clinical practice, and some teaching activities are carried out at patients' bedside. The relevant personnel who participate in the teaching discussion with medical students are physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists and so on. This bedside teaching method combining theory with practice can achieve ideal results and is conducive to the cultivation of students' professional ethics.
2.3 to carry out social practice activities of medical students' professional ethics education
Medical students' professional ethics education and moral practice complement each other and combine with each other. The purpose of education is to improve the professional ethics of medical students. Use a variety of educational forms and means to cultivate medical students' professional feelings, enrich their professional quality and sublimate their professional ethics. To carry out special education and lectures, focusing on the education of medical students' service purpose, medical staff's professional ethics and practice rules before they enter the clinical practice stage. Inviting doctors, model workers, scientific research leaders and medical service stars to talk about their dedication to their posts is of inestimable significance in helping medical students to establish a correct outlook on life and serve patients wholeheartedly. Carry out the activities of creating civilized teams and groups, take the medical students' compliance with professional ethics as an important indicator of assessment, reward and punishment, and promote medical students to develop good professional habits. Carry out various competitions to stimulate medical staff's professional ethics awareness, such as "Bethune Cup Competition" and "Dedication to send warm". Through mass organizations, medical poverty alleviation activities, participating in hospital science and technology festivals and art festivals, we will create a good cultural atmosphere and make professional ethics more concrete in students' enthusiastic participation.
3 methods of medical students' professional ethics education under the new situation
The method of professional ethics education for medical students is to improve their understanding of professional ethics, and then cultivate professional ethics sentiment, exercise professional ethics will, form professional ethics beliefs, and finally develop good professional ethics behaviors and habits.
3. 1 Improve the professional ethics awareness of medical students
The cognition of professional ethics is the cognition, understanding and acceptance of medical ethical relations and the principles and norms regulating these relations. Cognition is the forerunner of behavior, and improving medical students' professional ethics knowledge level is the primary link of professional ethics education.
3.2 Training medical students' professional ethics and emotions
Professional ethics emotion is the inner experience and natural expression of love, hate, likes and dislikes attitude towards medical and health undertakings and patients and their fulfillment of professional ethics requirements. Professional moral emotion is the internal motive force of behavior, so cultivating professional moral emotion of medical students is an important part of professional moral education.
3.3 Exercise medical students' professional moral will
Professional moral will refers to the perseverance to consciously overcome difficulties and obstacles in the process of fulfilling professional moral obligations. Professional moral will is the lever of behavior, and cultivating medical students' professional moral will is the key link of professional moral education.
3.4 Establish medical students' professional ethics belief
Professional ethics belief is an unshakable belief and pursuit of professional ethics ideals and goals based on professional ethics understanding, professional ethics emotion and professional ethics will. Professional ethics belief is the driving force to promote medical students' professional ethics behavior and the intermediary link to transform knowledge into behavior. Therefore, paying attention to the establishment of medical students' professional ethics belief is the central link of professional ethics education.
3.5 Cultivate medical students' good professional ethics and behavior habits.
Professional ethics behavior habit is a regular, continuous and natural behavior habit formed under the control of professional ethics cognition, professional ethics emotion, professional ethics will and professional ethics belief. Professional ethics behavior habit is the purpose of professional ethics education, and it is also a sign to measure the professional ethics level of a medical student. Therefore, it is the last link of professional ethics education to make medical students develop good professional ethics behavior habits.
Under the new situation, medical students' professional ethics has been given a new connotation: (1) Good professional ethics is not only the standard of a good doctor, but also the basic condition of a qualified doctor. Under the mechanism that patients choose doctors, doctors without professional ethics may have no patients and no foothold. (2) The lack of professional ethics will not only be condemned by morality and public opinion, but also be sanctioned by law.
Medical students should aspire to be angels in white and be worthy of this title. They must have the professional ethics of selfless dedication and saving lives. This requires doctors not only to stand the test of life and death in such an extraordinary period as SARS, but also to bear in mind the Hippocratic oath, face every ordinary patient every day and serve the patients wholeheartedly. Special attention should be paid to strengthening the professional ethics education of medical students in the clinical stage, educating them with famous doctors' cases in history and advanced models in real life, increasing the content of correcting unhealthy practices in the industry and doing practical things for the people under the new situation, paying attention to improving the effect of professional ethics education, so that medical students can master medical knowledge and skills and pay attention to the cultivation of medical ethics, and become professional, sincere and worthy of the name.