The data is more intuitive. By the end of last year, the number of short video users in China reached 934 million, including many teenagers. The Blue Book for Teenagers: A Report on Internet Use of Minors in China (202 1) published by the Institute of Journalism and Communication of China Academy of Social Sciences shows that surfing the Internet occupies a lot of energy and time for middle school students. Short videos can be addictive, but not a scourge. How parents and schools correctly guide teenagers to watch high-quality short videos at the right time and in the right way needs more attention.
Why do children like to watch?
Relax, decompress and escape from reality.
"I watched it for half an hour before I was ready to study, but I couldn't help myself." Xiao Ran, who is in the second day of junior high school this year, is very upset.
"I understand that time is precious, but I can't control it when watching short videos. I comfort myself that a video is only a few tens of seconds, but who can think of watching it for an hour or two. "
When Ms. Liu from Daxing District of Beijing started to show her daughter short videos in the first grade of primary school, she didn't expect it to become a big headache for herself. "I think the short video of dancing and singing online is very interesting, and I want my children to follow suit. And now it's out of control. When she has time, she will take her mobile phone and ask her to go out to eat. "
The reason why short videos make people want to stop is mostly because of their novel content, brisk pace and relaxed humor, which captures the excitement of users. The attraction of short videos is irresistible to adults, not to mention teenagers with weak self-control.
"In the case of time control and content screening, it is understandable for young people to watch short videos moderately. After all, they are aborigines in the Internet age, and their study and life are inseparable from the Internet. What needs our special attention is actually the addiction of short videos. " Jiang, an associate professor at Peking University Institute of Education, admits that Internet addiction is not only manifested in long-term viewing, but also in teenagers' imitation of video content.
Sun Hongyan, director of the Children's Research Institute of China Youth Research Center, said that the psychological mechanism of being addicted to short videos is similar to that of being addicted to games and the Internet, and most of them are motivated by escapism.
China Youth Research Center released a survey report on the characteristics and protection of short videos for primary and secondary school students. The report shows that there are several types of children who are addicted to short videos. One of them is the primary and middle school students who keep their hearts in their hearts and have no communication objects. The proportion of short videos is the highest, reaching 70.0%. In addition, the proportion of students with heavy learning burden who have used short videos is high, and the proportion of students with heavy learning burden and heavy learning burden who have used short videos is 67.8% and 70. 1% respectively. The proportion of students with light learning burden using short videos is 44.6%, with a difference of more than 20 percentage points. The third category is students who feel unwelcome among their classmates, are looked down upon by others at school, and have difficulty talking to people they meet for the first time. They have the highest exposure to short videos, the highest frequency of use, and more time to use every day. In addition, 75.3% students often feel that adults don't respect themselves, and 73.5% students often feel insecure.
What should parents do?
Effective companionship and correct guidance
The convenient operation and novel content of short videos have attracted many teenagers, and the problem that children are addicted to brushing short videos has also followed.
During the interview, the parents and teachers interviewed showed "love and hate" for the short video. Its advantages are obvious, rich in content, novel in expression and easy to satisfy the curiosity of teenagers; The disadvantages are also obvious, that is, the information is mixed and commercialized seriously. The information cocoon room under big data binds the interests of teenagers, and children are addicted to some bad short videos, which affects the establishment of correct values.
In this regard, many education experts said that letting children get in touch with popular things in society will help them form a pluralistic cognition of society. The key to help children get rid of the mud of harmful short videos is to improve their media literacy and learn to identify them.
In fact, short videos are gradually becoming a way for people to learn by using fragmentation time.
According to some surveys, the proportion of short video users who pay attention to light knowledge such as common sense of life, hobbies, humanities and customs exceeds 50%, and more than 80% of users have learned life tips on the short video platform. In this regard, Bai Hongkuan, the special principal of Beijing and the principal of Jingyuan School, said that from the blackboard writing in the past to the audio-visual multimedia today, the forms and methods of education have undergone tremendous changes. Instead of blindly prohibiting children from watching short videos, it is better to think about how to play the beneficial role of education. Only by truly letting teenagers learn to distinguish and learn self-discipline can they really grow up.
In the Internet age, the network "participation right" of minors has also been constantly mentioned by the industry. With the rapid development of the Internet, the network environment has become an important platform for teenagers to live, study, relax and socialize. "The online behavior of minors is actually a kind of self-exploration behavior and an important manifestation of minors' right to participate in the Internet, which should be respected. Li Lei, a professor of psychology at the School of Education, Renmin University of China, explained the necessity of respecting minors' online behavior from a psychological perspective. However, the "freedom" of the network also challenges minors' self-discipline and civilized use of the network, making it the key to improve network literacy.
"Parents are the best role models. If parents can't put it down, how can children spend less time playing mobile phones? Therefore, the requirements for parents in this respect are very high. " Bai Hongkuan believes that parents should not set various restrictions on their children's management, but should adopt "flexible management", such as discussing the management mode of mutual recognition of output with children, or consciously increasing the time of parent-child activities to create better parent-child communication and family atmosphere.
How do schools and society respond?
Make rational use of advantages and avoid disadvantages.
In addition to the dominant position of the family, the participating experts also agreed that the protection of minors' online rights and interests is a systematic issue, which requires the joint efforts of families, schools, online platforms, society and the state.
From March, 2065438 to March, 2009, led by the National Internet Information Office, the mainstream short video platform and live broadcast platform piloted the online youth model, which regulated the online behavior of minors from the aspects of time, duration, function and browsing content. Recently, the Central Civilization Office, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, and the State Internet Information Office jointly issued the Opinions on Standardizing Online Live Awards to Strengthen the Protection of Minors, and once again proposed to further optimize and upgrade the "Youth Model", requiring all website platforms to further optimize product models and content presentation methods, and constantly increase the supply of live content suitable for minors, so as to truly "reassure parents, satisfy children and cheer the society".
Zhu Yunyang, an associate professor at the Law School of Minzu University of China, said that the network protection of minors is both a challenge and an opportunity. We should avoid adopting a single way and simple ideas to solve the problem of protecting minors in isolation.
"This requires us to treat the risks on the Internet with a positive attitude on the one hand, and increase the supply of effective content on the other hand, so that minors can see more meaningful things and respect and serve the development of minors."
Zhu Yunyang also mentioned that his children like popular science videos on Tik Tok. "It's very interesting and easy to understand. Children like to watch and learn knowledge. I'm very happy."
Jiang, an associate professor at the School of Journalism and Communication in Tsinghua University, also pointed out that the network has gradually assumed diversified target needs, especially after the outbreak, which has provided new ways and richer contents for young people to learn.
"Under the pluralistic definition, the issue of minors should not only be regarded as a protective definition, but also empower the development of minors.
For example, Tik Tok's sinus knowledge plan and sinus art plan focus on the cultivation and value guidance of minors' knowledge, skills and art. "
While the state has taken measures to standardize short video platforms, some schools are also taking active actions. During studying at home, the primary school affiliated to Chaoyang Education Research Center encourages students to write psychological stories about family life, confusion and successful experiences, interpret them with their own toys, and edit them into micro-videos, which are warmly welcomed by students and parents. Ma Yueyang, the principal, said, "By turning children from passive viewers into active creators, making them the protagonists of the video has released their desire to express and express."
The reporter learned that in the process of students studying at home, many primary and secondary school teachers in Beijing not only moderately interspersed relevant short video materials in the online class to increase the class interest, but also recommended some interesting and meaningful short video content to students at the online theme class meeting, such as Tik Tok Account of National Museum and National Scientific Research Institution.
In addition, schools in Beijing have carried out various educational activities with the theme of "preventing students from indulging in the Internet", many of which are closely related to the prevention of short video addiction. Schools use Banbantong, campus micro-signals and other forms to analyze the negative effects of indulging in the internet with specific cases, and guide students to control themselves and surf the Internet healthily.
expert opinion/advice
Let short videos better serve children's growth.
sun hongyan
Director and researcher, Institute of Children and Adolescents, China Youth Research Center
Short video is one of the current Internet products, and its existence and development naturally make sense. What parents need to do is to make good use of the product form of short video, so that short video can better serve the growth of children.
First, take short video content as the topic of parent-child communication. Children love to watch short videos, and they are very happy when talking about short videos. Parents can make good use of their children's curiosity and use the content of short videos to strengthen communication with their children. When children see a humorous video, parents can ask them to repeat it to their parents. Parents can also talk to their children when they see funny videos. Don't take short videos as a forbidden area for tutoring, but as a bridge for communication.
Second, make good use of the learning function of short videos. Learning here means not only knowledge, but also life. Good content can be found in short videos. For example, during the epidemic, children stayed at home and lacked exercise. Parents can let their children find some good indoor sports in short videos, so that their children can move with the whole family. In short, parents should make good use of the positive role of short videos, so that short videos can be used for family education and children's growth.
Third, help children form good habits. There are indeed parents who are worried that their children will brush short videos without restraint. I think parents can make good use of the model of teenagers. At present, the youth models of many platforms are constantly improving. For example, Tik Tok has added Discovery Channel and voice search to the youth mode, so that children can find their favorite content according to their own interests.
Fourth, we should pay special attention to children's growing environment. We have studied the use of various Internet products many times and found that whether children can use Internet products reasonably is closely related to the family education environment. For example, the time, frequency and content of children brushing short videos have a lot to do with family education. Families with good parent-child communication and reasonable expectations for their children will be more reasonable and healthier when using short videos.
Fifth, it is more important to tell children what they can do. Many parents always stop and warn their children to use short videos, and less give play to their initiative. Video learning is also a way for contemporary children to learn. Parents may wish to make good use of their children's needs, let them take the initiative to attack and video some learning content, so that children can turn their interest in short videos into learning interest and learning ability.