The characteristics of academy education in Song Dynasty: the combination of teaching and scientific research. The lecture system is prevalent, and a hundred schools of thought are advocated. Teaching is open to the outside world, and teachers and students have a broad vision; Colleges are clustered in all directions, not just in one field. Learning is based on personal learning, and teachers "show at the beginning, but correct at the end". The relationship between teachers and students is harmonious.

Song Dynasty is an important period for the emergence and development of ancient academies. The historical background for the emergence of academies is complex, which is the product of the special political and educational environment at that time. Summarize some important reasons:

The official school has been in a state of depression for a long time, and the appearance of the academy is inevitable, filling the gap of the official school; The continuous expansion of the imperial examination scale in the Northern Song Dynasty promoted the development of the academy. The imperial court advocated Confucianism and encouraged private learning; The influence of Buddhist Zen forest; The popularization and application of block printing has promoted the development of book industry and provided convenience for various teaching and scientific research activities of the academy.

Extended data

In the early years of Northern Song Dynasty, a large number of private academies gave lectures. There are many academies such as Suiyang (Yingtianfu), Yuelu, Bailudong, Songyang, Shigu, Maoshan and Xiangshan. Among them, Suiyang (Yingtianfu), Yuelu, Bailudong and Songyang Academy are also called the four ancient Chinese academies. By the end of Injong, all the more influential academies had disappeared in the early Northern Song Dynasty.

In the fourth year of Xining (107 1), the imperial court directly sent professors to state schools, weakening the academies and county schools. In seven years, state middle schools with professors were merged into state schools. In the early Southern Song Dynasty, scholars such as Zhang Qian, Zhu, Lu Jiuyuan began to restore the academy and became the school activity base and lecture place.

After (1224 ~ 1264) ascended the throne, Neo-Confucianism was confirmed as the orthodox doctrine, and the academy education became the legacy of Zhu and other masters of science and was inherited by the government. From the first year of Ding Jing (1260), officials who passed the imperial examination or graduated from imperial academy can become the heads of academies in each state, and the imperial court controls the academies.

Baidu encyclopedia-college

Baidu Encyclopedia-Academy of Song Dynasty