Specialized educational institutions and teachers have emerged, with distinct class nature and strict hierarchical system, and there has been separation and opposition between education and productive labor. The main educational methods are advocating books and memorizing, as well as the parallel educational system of official and private schools.
I. Professional educational institutions and teaching staff
1. Because the school is a special educational place, it must have a fixed place, full-time educators, specific educational objects and planned and organized educational activities.
2. Rich and systematic teaching content distinguishes education from the general production and life process and becomes an independent form of social activities.
Second, distinct class nature and strict hierarchy.
In class society, education is the privilege of the ruling class, and the ruled class can only receive family education among the people. Even within the ruling class, the children of the ruling class have strict grading rules when they enter the school.
Third, the development of writing and the appearance of ancient books.
Words and classics are the experience of human production and life, which are not only materialized in production tools and life tools, but also begin to accumulate knowledge forms and pass them on to the next generation.
Fourth, the separation of education and productive labor.
The school despises manual labor, and forms the opposite education of "those who work hard manage people, and those who work hard manage people". After they are separated from each other in production practice and become the privilege of the ruling class, they will move from separation to opposition.
Fifth, educational methods advocate books.
In ancient China, the basic teaching methods of private school teachers were to study hard and study hard, which was directly related to the form of social talent selection at that time.
Six, the official and private parallel education system.
1, the official credit of ancient central and local governments in China. Local official schools refer to schools run by local governments, and the school funds come from official fees.
2. Education parallel to official schools and private schools is private schools. Private school began in the Spring and Autumn Period, and Confucius was the founder of private school. China's private school was accompanied by the whole historical process of ancient China society.
Seven, the teaching organization form of individual teaching or collective individual teaching.
The handicraft production mode in ancient society determined the individual teaching form in education. In ancient China, Confucius' private schools, as well as numerous palace schools and private schools, were mostly taught individually or collectively at most.