Secondly, the convenient transportation and management system in the Tang Dynasty facilitated international exchanges. The land extends in all directions. There are many sea routes, and there are three ways to Japan. And opened up the maritime traffic from Guangzhou Vietnam Sea to Southeast Asia, West Asia, Egypt and East Africa. Therefore, Tang enjoyed a high international reputation at that time and was the center of economic and cultural exchanges among countries in the world.
Tang Wenhua's influence on the world
I. Impact on North Korea
1. Political system: Silla was deeply influenced by Tang Wenhua, with as many as 100 students studying in China, and some even became officials in the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, Silla followed the political system of the Tang Dynasty and established administrative organizations from the central government to the local government.
2. Documents of imperial examination: The imperial examination in North Korea is based on China's ancient books > gt and < < The Book of Rites >; As the main body, it can be seen that it is influenced by Tang Wenhua; The poems of Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi are more popular in Silla.
3. In writing calendars: North Korea has no characters. In the Tang Dynasty, Chinese characters created Korean vocabulary as notes, and Silla characters were actually transformed from China's pronunciation. In addition, the Silla calendar and laws are modeled after the Tang Dynasty.
4. Religious medicine: Buddhism sects prevailing in the Tang Dynasty, such as Tiantai Sect, Faxiang Sect and Zen Sect, are also very popular in North Korea. Silla is also known as>, < Soviet >> China's medical books are used as teaching materials, and China's medicine is introduced into North Korea.
Two. Influence on Japan
1. Political system: Japanese students and envoys sent to study in the Tang Dynasty sent China's culture and laws and regulations back to Japan. Emperor Kotoku of Japan admired China's culture very much, so he imitated the political system of the Tang Dynasty and carried out "great reform" to determine its official system, land system and criminal law.
2. In writing: Japanese student Kibi No Asomi Makibi made "katakana" with regular script Chinese characters; The monk Konghai adopted China cursive script and created Hiragana, which is the beginning of Japanese writing at present.
3. Religion: Jian Zhen, a famous monk in the Tang Dynasty, traveled to Japan and stayed in Japan for more than ten years. He not only introduced Buddhism, but also introduced knowledge about architecture, painting and herbs to Japan. Japanese scholars came to China to study Buddhism and sent it back to Japan, which made Buddhism gradually popular in Japanese society.
4. Culture: China's astronomical calendar, education, literature, art, production technology, clothing, entertainment, sitting and lying habits were also introduced to Japan in the Tang Dynasty; China's festivals and customs, such as Mid-Autumn Festival and New Year's Eve, have also spread to Japan. Kyoto and Nara in Japan were also built in imitation of Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty.
5. Sending envoys to China: In the past 200 years, Japan has sent envoys to China 19 times, including ambassadors, officials, students and doctors. They made an in-depth study of the politics, economy and culture of the Tang Dynasty and spread it after returning to China.
Third, Tang Wenhua's influence on the Western Regions.
1. the spread of silk products to the west: in the Tang dynasty, silk was the main export, and the trade between China and the west was prosperous. China's silk weaving technology, such as pedal spinning wheel, printing and dyeing technology, was introduced to the west and India through western countries, and craftsmen of the Tang Dynasty also taught textile technology in Central Asia and West Asia, so the silk industry in Europe developed.
2. Papermaking spread to the west: Ten years after Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the dispute between Tang and Dashi broke out. Tang Jun was defeated by Mahavamsa, and a large number of soldiers were captured, many of whom were papermaking craftsmen. Papermaking was introduced into history and then spread to Europe, which played a great role in the spread of European and world culture.
3. Spreading academic knowledge to the West: China characters and classics were introduced to Gaochang in the Tang Dynasty, and Gaochang's criminal law and marriage customs were mostly imitated by the Tang Dynasty. Some countries in the western regions, such as Shule and Yanqi, have also studied China's writing and customs and put on China's clothes. In the Silk Road area, archaeologists also found fragments of> and<> bamboo slips, showing that China's book culture was spread in the Tang Dynasty, and the western countries, Tubo and Nanzhao all sent governors to study in Chang 'an, making Chang 'an the center of study in the western regions at that time.
4. Technology spread to the West: China's painting and textile methods spread to the West and prevailed in Arabia. Indians followed China's example of cast iron and sinking. Silk, tea, paper and medicinal materials of the Tang Dynasty were also exported to the western regions, Tianzhu, Persia, and other countries, and were resold to western countries through Persia.
5. Establishment of foreign trade institutions: With the rapid development of foreign trade, the Tang government set up a "city shipping department" in Guangzhou, an important port, and set up a "city shipping supervisor" in Wuwei, Zhangye and other land areas to manage foreign trade respectively. Chang 'an has also attracted many disciples from the western regions to study in China, making Chang 'an the center of economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.