First of all, the profile of the character

Wang Shouren was born in Yuyao County (now Yuyao, Ningbo), Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province. Because it was built in Yangming Cave of Huiji Mountain, it was named Yangming Zi, so scholars called it Mr. Yangming, also known as Wang Yangming. A famous thinker, writer, philosopher, strategist and master of mind in the Ming Dynasty, he was proficient in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and was equal to Confucius, Mencius and Zhu. In his later years, Wang Shouren became an official and left the capital of Douchayuan. Because of pacifying the rebellion of Chen Hao, he was named Xinjian Bo. During the reign of Qin Long, Xinjian Hou was granted posthumously, so he was later called Gong.

Second, educational thought.

(1) "To conscience" and educational function;

Wang Yangming inherited Mencius' theory of "endogenous development" and put forward the theory of "to conscience", requiring people to overcome their greed with all their "hearts of right and wrong", understanding "things" as "hearts", asking people to investigate and find out their selfish desires one by one, and asking people to know the unity of knowing and doing. It is precisely because of the inner "conscience" that the educational process, as the growth of knowledge and morality, is essentially a process to help the "body and mind" unfold and develop. Taking raising babies and planting trees as a metaphor, he pointed out that education, like these, can be expanded at any time, but it is necessary to grasp the discretion.

(2) the educational principle of "living within our means":

It is believed that children are in an important period of development, and their energy, body and intelligence are in the process of development. This feature must be taken into account in teaching. To what extent does the child's acceptance develop? This level of teaching is insurmountable. If scholars' learning foundation and acceptance ability are not considered in teaching, it will not only be bad, but will be counterproductive. This idea of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is called "within the limits of others", which is reflected in the individual step by step and in different individuals.

(3) In teaching:

1) Teaching content:

In order to achieve the goal of education, he thinks that everything that helps to "seek his heart" can be used as teaching content, while reading classics, practicing etiquette, writing, playing the piano and practicing shooting are impossible to learn.

2) Teaching principles and methods:

(1) Knowing and doing go hand in hand. Wang Shouren's unity of knowing and doing is: conscience is the standard, knowing is knowing righteousness, and doing is also doing righteousness. As long as people really get rid of people's desires and save justice, they will naturally achieve the unity of knowing and doing;

(2) self-satisfaction, to achieve self-satisfaction, we must adopt the method of independent thinking, advocate doubt, do not blindly believe in books and sages, and form our own

Views are not easily influenced by others;

③ Step by step; It is required to consider the psychological development level of scholars in teaching;

(4) Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude.

(4) About children's education:

First of all, he criticized the mistakes in children's education at that time: emphasizing mechanical memory and not inspiring thinking; Pay more attention to negative prevention than positive induction; Corporal punishment is widely used, which destroys children's body and mind and makes children hate learning.

Secondly, starting from the theory of conscience, he believes that music is the noumenon of the soul, and teaching must arouse children's interest in learning. It requires educating children in a positive way, by cultivating, inducing, conforming to their temperament and stimulating their interest. In short, it should conform to the characteristics of children's physical and mental development.

Third, the content of children's education is "singing poetry", "learning etiquette" and "reading".

Fourth, he emphasized "from each according to his ability" and taught students in accordance with their aptitude.

Wang Shouren's thoughts on children's education, though aimed at instilling feudal ethics in children, opposed the traditional "adult-style" methods of children's education and crude corporal punishment, and demanded that children be taught in accordance with their aptitude, which made children develop in moral education, intellectual education, physical education and aesthetic education, and embodied the naturalistic tendency of his educational thoughts, which had a historic impact.