A complete collection of hot sports teaching plans for high school physics molecules 1.
Design concept
1. This lesson is for students to further explore the knowledge of the micro-world after learning the relevant knowledge of macro-objects, so as to pave the way for later learning the internal energy of objects and related knowledge. However, because the movement of molecules cannot be observed directly, this class mainly uses experiments to demonstrate the diffusion phenomenon. Students observe Brownian motion with the help of a microscope, show the scene in the microscope with an electronic eyepiece, and organize teaching with the help of computer simulation.
2. In order to deepen students' interest in the common phenomenon of diffusion, we designed a demonstration experiment that students are familiar with, such as perfume diffusion, nitrogen dioxide gas diffusion and air diffusion, red ink diffusion in water, and the comparison of red ink diffusion speed in hot and cold water. At the same time, in order to realize that physics originates from life and serves life, and to understand modern science and technology related to molecular thermal motion, let students list relevant examples of diffusion phenomenon in life to further understand molecular motion.
? 3. The knowledge and skills to be examined in this section are abstract. In the process of learning, we should fully mobilize students' learning enthusiasm and give priority to students' analysis and discussion. On the basis of teachers' guidance, teaching is based on the thinking process of "asking questions-experimental exploration-analysis and induction-drawing conclusions" to cultivate students' logical thinking ability and induction and summary ability. ?
4. In this lesson, in order to make students have a more specific and clear understanding of Brownian motion and diffusion, some video shows are designed in relevant parts to help students understand.
Teaching objectives
1. Knowledge and skills:
(1) observed the diffusion phenomenon, and understood that the diffusion phenomenon was caused by molecular movement;
(2) Observing Brownian motion can describe the characteristics of Brownian motion;
(3) The theory of molecular motion can be used to explain Brownian motion, infer the micro-reasons of macro-performance, and understand the situation that a large number of molecules keep hitting particles, which can explain Brownian motion; Be able to distinguish Brownian motion from molecular motion;
(4) realize that scientific observation should be meticulous and inference should have sufficient basis. Understand the "irregularity" of molecular motion.
2. Process and method:
(1) Students should learn independently, cooperate in inquiry and case analysis, and teachers should give them proper guidance and guidance, so that students can really understand this section;
(2) Cultivate students' comprehensive analysis ability, understanding and reasoning ability and experimental ability.
3. Emotions, attitudes and values:
(1) Understand that the properties of macroscopic substances are determined by microstructure, and at the same time understand the universal relationship between objective things;
(2) Experience the process of autonomous learning, and develop the ability of careful observation, diligent thinking, cooperative communication and study habits;
(3) Pay attention to the cultivation of students' humanistic spirit.
Important and difficult
Focus: Brownian motion.
Difficulties: the cause of Brownian motion and the relationship between Brownian motion and molecular irregular motion.
teaching method
Experiment, self-study and inquiry, and question guidance.
training/teaching aid
1. Demonstration experiment of gas and liquid diffusion: perfume bottle with perfume, glass jar with nitrogen dioxide gas and air, frosted glass sheet, beaker with clear water, red ink and rubber dropper;
2. Demonstration experiment of comparing the diffusion speed of red ink in hot and cold water: beaker, red ink and rubber-tipped dropper use hot and cold water respectively;
3. Grouping experiments to observe Brownian motion: microscope, prepared gouache pigment suspension, glass slide with pits and electronic eyepiece of microscope.
teaching process
Introduction of new curriculum
Introduce yourself-introduce the Brownian Movement. What is Brownian motion? This is one of the main contents we will learn in this class. In this lesson, we will learn the second part of the textbook, the thermal movement of molecules. (opens perfume bottle)
New lesson explanation
Through the previous research, we already know that the molecular size is only 10- 10m, and very small objects contain a lot of molecules. For example, 1 cm3 water contains about 3 molecules. 3× 1022, so it is obviously impossible to study the motion of each molecule like the method of studying the mechanical motion of macroscopic objects. But we can study the movement of molecules by analyzing some macroscopic phenomena, such as the diffusion phenomenon we learned in junior high school. Source: 2 1 Master of Education
(A) the proliferation phenomenon
Did the students in the front row smell anything special? Students smell perfume, perfume spreads and perfume molecules move. )
Demonstrate the diffusion of red-brown nitrogen dioxide gas and air. What do you see? Which of these two gases is denser? Did it happen because of gravity? (Because nitrogen dioxide gas molecules and air molecules are moving and entering each other. This is the phenomenon of gas diffusion that we have learned. ) 2 1 original works by famous educators
1, we call the phenomenon that different substances enter each other when they contact each other diffusion.
Diffusion can occur between gases, but between liquids?
Demonstration experiment Drop a few drops of red ink into a beaker filled with water and observe the color change of the water.
The water turns red slowly, and the red ink has spread all over the water, and so has the liquid. It shows that liquid molecules are moving.
Can you guess that there will be diffusion between solids? (yes)
Because the diffusion speed between solids is relatively slow, it takes a long time, some even years, to observe the diffusion process between them. Today, it is impossible to demonstrate in class. A few days ago, I asked the staff of our school TV station to take a video together in the place where the coal was piled in the boiler room. Let's have a look.
The place where the coal is piled in the boiler room of the video school, after removing the coal and shoveling off the wall, the wall is still dark.
What does this mean? (It shows that carbon molecules have entered the wall and diffusion has taken place between solids. Solid molecules are moving. )
2. Diffusion can occur in gases, liquids and solids. Only the diffusion between solids is slow, and the relative diffusion between gas and liquid is fast.
Besides the state of the object, what other factors are related to the speed of diffusion? (temperature)
In the demonstration experiment, a few drops of red ink were dropped into cold water and hot water with the same quality at the same time. (Pay attention to the speed of diffusion. )
3. Features: The higher the temperature, the more obvious the diffusion phenomenon.
Diffusion is a common phenomenon in our life. Please list some phenomena related to proliferation in your life. (For example, the smell of wine is not afraid of the depth of the alley, pickles, cooking, etc. ).)
This paper introduces the application of diffusion phenomenon in life, scientific research and production technology.
Reviewing the diffusion phenomenon of gas and liquid, it shows that the general trend of diffusion is that the concentration tends to be consistent, and the molecules are still moving after the concentration is consistent.
4. Diffusion phenomenon is the proof that substance molecules do random motion endlessly.
The endless motion of molecules is based on experimental facts, but can we directly see the motion of molecules? (No) We can only distinguish 10-4m objects with naked eyes. Do you want to see objects smaller than 10-4m moving? What should I do? Next, let's study a phenomenon that we can't see with the naked eye and is also related to molecular motion, which I just introduced-Brownian motion.
High school physics molecular hot sports teaching plan II
Pre-learning goal
1. You should know that matter is composed of molecules, and the molecules of all matter are constantly moving irregularly. As we all know, the speed of molecular thermal motion is related to temperature.
2. Know that there are interactions between molecules.
3. The diffusion phenomenon can be identified and explained from the viewpoint of molecular thermal motion.
Pre-learning content
Read the textbook carefully and complete the following tasks.
1, diffusion phenomenon refers to
2. For example, the application of area diffusion in science and technology.
3, the diffusion phenomenon shows that
4. The experimental figure 7.2- 4 on page 6 of the textbook is the observation in use.
5. Figure 7.2-5 reflects what is seen under the microscope or naked eye.
As can be seen from this result
As for the reason of this movement, Brown's initial guess was, what happened later?
7, the relationship between Brownian motion and temperature is
8. What is Brownian motion?
9. How did Brownian motion come into being?
10, although we can't directly see the irregular motion of molecules, the irregular motion of suspended particles is not, but the irregular motion of particles is irregular.
Figure 7.2-5, a textbook for discussion and reflection, is a true record of the position changes of three moving particles when French physicist Perrin studied Brownian motion in 1908. According to this fact, can we deny the statement that Brownian motion is caused by external factors (such as vibration and convection)? 1 1. What is the thermal motion of molecules?
12, the relationship between molecular thermal motion and temperature is
3-3 7.2 molecular thermal movement, an elective course of physics in senior two.
Compile: Yang Jinfeng, Tian Jiuwu Reviewer: Tian Jiuwu NO. : 20 1424032 Date of use: 2065438+May 2004
Investigation case
Explore the target
1. You should know that matter is composed of molecules, and the molecules of all matter are constantly moving irregularly. As we all know, the speed of molecular thermal motion is related to temperature.
2. Know that there are interactions between molecules.
3. The diffusion phenomenon can be identified and explained from the viewpoint of molecular thermal motion.
Query content
First, autonomous learning, exchange preview.
(The problems in the preparation before class are communicated in the group, and the problems that cannot be solved are summarized by Team Leader Jiang.)
Second, cooperative exploration:
Typical example 1 The correct statement about Brownian motion is ()
A, because the intensity of Brownian motion is related to temperature, Brownian motion can also be called thermal motion.
Brownian motion reflects the thermal motion of molecules.
C, it is Brownian motion to see the dust constantly moving indoors.
D, observe the small carbon particles suspended in the water with a microscope, and the small carbon particles are constantly moving irregularly.
Guide 1 to do Brownian motion experiment and get an observation record as shown in the figure. What is recorded in the picture is ()
First, the random motion of molecules
B, the trajectory of particles doing Brownian motion
C, the velocity-time diagram of particles doing Brownian motion.
D, connecting lines for sequentially recording the positions of moving particles at equal time intervals.
Typical example 2 Among the following statements about Brownian motion and diffusion, the correct one is ().
Diffusion and Brownian motion are both molecular motions.
There is no essential difference between diffusion and Brownian motion.
C. Diffusion phenomenon highlights the migration law of matter, and Brownian motion highlights the irregular law of molecular motion.
Both diffusion and Brownian motion are related to temperature.
The correct analysis of the following physical phenomena in Guide 2 is ()
From sunlight, you can see the particles flying up and down in the air and the movement of rising water vapor.
③ Observe the small carbon particles suspended in water with a microscope, and the small carbon particles keep making irregular sounds.
(4) Drop a few drops of red ink into a glass of clear water, and the red ink moves around.
A, ① ② ③ belong to Brownian motion B, ④ belong to diffusion phenomenon. C, only ③ belongs to Brownian motion. D none of the above conclusions are correct.
Hot Physical Education Teaching Plan of Physics Molecules in Senior Three.
7.2 thermal motion of molecules
Focus: the phenomenon and mechanism of Brownian motion
How to Prove that Molecules are Moving ── A Method of Macro Replacing Micro
Teaching difficulty: the relationship between what Brownian motion sees and what it draws.
Examination requirements: College entrance examination I (molecular heat exercise, Brownian exercise), and examination.
Classroom design: This teaching is the first time for students to prove microscopic conclusions with (macro) experiments, so we should pay attention to students' adaptation to this method. In teaching, we should emphasize the reasons behind Brownian motion phenomenon, so that students can think beyond the phenomenon and understand its essence. Because teaching is based on the conclusion of the experiment, it is very important to do the experiment of Brownian motion well. If it is difficult to observe in groups, at least one group should be guaranteed. Use the time before and after class to let more students observe and fight the first battle from macro to micro.
Solving difficulties: Students always rely on what they see to infer, which not only encourages them to respect the physical methods of experiments, but also points out the importance of thinking in research after entering the micro-field. Teaching activities should rely on students' summary of what they see, think and think, and climb to a higher level in understanding.
Present situation of students: what is under the microscope is microscopic, so what you see is the movement of molecules;
Lack of understanding of the obvious principle of Brownian motion often leads to the opposite conclusion;
What we see needs to be understood through thinking and some training.
Training ability: comprehensive analysis ability, understanding and reasoning ability, experimental ability.
Ideological Education: Materialist World Outlook, Respect for Facts
Classroom teaching AIDS: microscope (larger than 500 times), matches, power cord, Brownian motion demonstrator (gas)
Note: the experiment of observing Brownian motion should be carried out between classes.
First, the introduction of new courses.
According to the theory of molecular motion, the molecules that make up an object do random motion endlessly. This conclusion is also based on experimental facts. In this lesson, we will explain the random motion of molecules from experiments.
Second, the phenomenon of proliferation.
Students observe two experiments:
1. Put the cylinder filled with nitrogen dioxide in vertical contact with another cylinder, and see that nitrogen dioxide gas slowly diffuses from the lower bottle to the upper bottle.
2. In a beaker filled with water, after dropping a few drops of red ink, the red ink gradually expands in the water.
Q: What are the physical phenomena of these two experiments? What does this mean?
The student answered the question, and the teacher concluded: The above experiment is the diffusion phenomenon of gas and liquid, which shows that molecules are doing endless thermal motion.
For example, there is diffusion between solids. (Coal piles on the ground)
The phenomenon of solid diffusion is slow, so it is difficult to observe it directly without special observation.
What factors are related to diffusion speed?
Demonstration experiment: At the same time, drop red ink into cold water and hot water respectively, and students observe the diffusion speed.
Conclusion: Diffusion rate is related to temperature. The higher the temperature, the faster the diffusion phenomenon, indicating that the molecular movement is more intense.
What sports do molecules do? Can the random motion of molecules be directly observed with the naked eye?
It is impossible to recall the longitude and volume of molecules.
The color change seen is the group migration of molecules (similar to clouds and water droplets)
Can you observe with the help of an instrument (such as a microscope)?
Third, Brownian motion.
It can be more clearly observed that the random motion of molecules is Brownian motion.
Introduce Brownian motion.
From 65438 to 0827, British botanist Brown observed pollen suspended in water with a microscope and found that pollen particles kept moving irregularly in the water. Later, the irregular motion of suspended particles was called Brownian motion.
Reading experiment, thinking:
Are "small carbon particles" molecules?
Is "positional connection" a distance or a displacement? (displacement)
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