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Investigation and rectification scheme of potential safety hazards before kindergarten holiday
Pre-holiday safety hazard investigation and rectification scheme of kindergarten 1 This kindergarten has comprehensively investigated and rectified the hidden dangers and weak links of kindergarten safety accidents, effectively prevented and eliminated safety accidents, ensured the safety of teachers and students and kindergarten property, and laid a solid foundation for creating a "safe campus".

I. Organizational leadership

In order to ensure the effectiveness of the investigation and management work, a leading group for the investigation and management of potential safety hazards in kindergartens was established.

Team leader:

Deputy team leader:

Members:

Second, the work objectives

Combined with the actual situation of kindergartens, actively organize the investigation and rectification activities of potential safety hazards, conscientiously implement the responsibility of safety supervision, improve the safety management system, clarify the work objectives, strengthen the sense of responsibility and strengthen measures and means; Through the comprehensive investigation and rectification of potential safety hazards, all kinds of potential safety hazards will be eliminated in the bud, serious accidents will be put an end to, the safety of teachers and students' lives and property will be ensured, and the safety situation in the whole park will be sustained and stable.

The third is the focus of investigation and management.

Combined with the requirements of the work plan of the Education Bureau and the reality of our park, the key points of this investigation and rectification are as follows:

1, implement the responsibility system. Formulate safety management responsibility systems at all levels and sign safety responsibility letters at all levels; Establish a safety work meeting and a safety hazard accounting system; Fill in the safety inspection records carefully; Strictly implement the system of regular safety inspection and accident accountability.

2. Fire safety. Mainly investigate the compliance and safe operation of fire-fighting facilities and equipment, including fire-fighting equipment, evacuation routes, safety exits and daily working conditions.

3. Safe use of electricity and outdoor activities. Mainly investigate the use and maintenance of gas, electricity, outdoor toys and other facilities and the potential safety hazards in the classroom.

4. Campus safety. Conduct a thorough investigation of the surrounding environment within the prescribed scope.

5. Education safety. Check the implementation of safety education curriculum plan, class hours and teaching content; Safety education before school and holiday.

6. Vehicle safety. No parking is allowed at the gate of the park to ensure smooth traffic at the gate of the park. During the period of entering and leaving the park, there are administrative teachers on duty to cooperate with security guards to ensure the safety of children entering and leaving the park. Going out for group activities strictly implements the relevant regulations of the Education Bureau, and the procedures are complete.

7. Food safety. Check the canteen facilities and equipment to ensure timely maintenance; Canteen employees must be trained before they can take up their posts; The canteen has a hygiene license, a fixed-point procurement system, a certificate, and a check-in; The purchase channel is legal and the ledger content is complete.

Fourth, the working principle

(a) adhere to the combination of unit self-examination and district supervision and inspection, focusing on unit self-examination, in accordance with the requirements of the Municipal Education Bureau and the District Safety Committee, fully implement the main responsibility of school safety, conscientiously conduct a comprehensive self-examination, comprehensively investigate the hidden dangers and problems existing in the safety management of this unit, and carefully formulate rectification measures. Ensure that the safety hazards are rectified in place.

(2) In accordance with the principle of "who is in charge, who is responsible, who checks, who is responsible, who checks and accepts, who is responsible", the safety management responsibility is strictly implemented to avoid management gaps. If the regulatory responsibility is not implemented and leads to safety accidents, the management responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

(three) adhere to the principle of inspection, rectification and review, and effectively eliminate hidden dangers. For the hidden dangers and problems found in the inspection that cannot be rectified immediately, formulate rectification measures, rectify within a time limit, and review them in time to effectively eliminate hidden dangers. In accordance with the principle of "who inspects, who is responsible, who accepts and who is responsible", if an accident is caused by incomplete or incomplete inspection or failure to timely review and accept, the relevant personnel shall be investigated for responsibility according to law.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) working steps

The investigation and rectification of potential safety hazards begins in late August of 20xx and ends at the end of 20xx 10, which is divided into three stages.

(1) Mobilization and deployment stage (before August 25th)

1. Make plans and organize the investigation and rectification of potential safety hazards in kindergartens.

2. Do a good job in publicity. Take various forms to convey the opinions and requirements of the Municipal Bureau on the investigation and rectification work to teachers and students in time, improve ideological understanding, and enhance the sense of urgency and consciousness of the investigation and rectification work. At the same time, strengthen safety training, so that teachers and children can master more safety knowledge and methods, and improve their ability to prevent and avoid dangers.

3, once a week, the school security risks investigation and management, and timely report according to the regulations.

(2) Self-inspection and rectification stage (August 25th-September 20th)

1, organize personnel to carefully check the safety work of the unit and find all kinds of safety hazards in time according to the safety hazard investigation and rectification plan. Rectify the hidden dangers and problems found out in time, formulate preventive measures for problems that cannot be solved at the moment, designate special personnel to be responsible, and report them to the Education Bureau in time to ensure that no accidents occur. Do a good job of filing, file the hidden dangers found, and manage the ledger.

2. Welcome the supervision team of the Education Bureau to come to the park to conduct a special inspection on the safety work of kindergartens, and keep an eye on the problems found in the inspection until the rectification is completed.

(3) Supervision and inspection stage (September 21-June 65438+1October 3 1).

Seriously welcome the inspection by the inspection team, improve and perfect the problems found in time, make the process of hidden danger investigation and rectification form a system and be well implemented, and establish a normal safety management order.

Work requirements of intransitive verbs

(1) Strengthen leadership and implement responsibilities. The investigation and rectification stage is the central link, and our park will strictly implement the safety inspection responsibility system. Testers should be careful and highly responsible, and customer service should be careless and take chances. The leaders of the park are personally responsible for the mobilization, guidance and supervision of the activities, and listen to the progress of the activities. The leading group regularly studies campus safety work, analyzes and judges possible school safety incidents in combination with social situation, regional characteristics and climate characteristics, formulates work plans, and solves related problems in a targeted manner.

(2) Careful deployment and scientific arrangement. The school will carefully plan and arrange scientifically, complete the prescribed actions in each stage, and make rectification and acceptance in place.

(3) Strict rectification to ensure quality. Timely rectification of the problems and hidden dangers found is the top priority of this work, and we must do a good job to ensure the quality. After the operation, the college will summarize the operation and incorporate this work into the important content of target management for assessment.

In order to further implement the requirements of the implementation plan for investigation and management of hidden dangers, effectively protect the safety of life and property of the school's teaching staff and children, and maintain the normal order of education and teaching in kindergartens, the second chapter of the plan for investigation and management of hidden dangers in kindergartens before holidays is formulated. Combined with the actual situation of the park, the work plan for the investigation and management of potential safety hazards is formulated.

I. Guiding ideology

In accordance with the spirit of the 18th Party Congress, we should fully understand the significance of strengthening campus safety in maintaining social stability, building a harmonious society and safeguarding the vital interests of the broad masses of the people, firmly establish the idea of "safety first", further enhance our sense of urgency and responsibility, and carry out special actions to investigate and manage potential safety hazards in a timely, comprehensive and effective manner. Consolidate the foundation of campus safety, improve the level of safety management, prevent all kinds of campus safety accidents, and create a safe and stable environment for the healthy development of education.

Second, the work objectives

Through the investigation and management of hidden dangers, we will further implement the responsibility of safety management, comprehensively investigate and manage hidden dangers and weak links in safety management, seriously study and solve outstanding problems, establish a monitoring mechanism for major hazard sources and a mechanism for investigation and management of hidden dangers, establish a relatively complete safety work system, enrich and improve management institutions and personnel, and improve various rules and regulations for safety work, so as to significantly reduce hidden dangers of facilities and equipment in the park. The security situation of the park and its surrounding environment has obviously improved, vicious criminal cases and major liability safety accidents have been effectively curbed, safety education has been further strengthened, and teachers and students' safety awareness and prevention ability have been significantly enhanced.

Three. Contents and methods

(A) the contents of the investigation and management

Comprehensively investigate and control hidden dangers in and around the park, as well as weak links in safety working mechanism, system construction, safety management organization system, responsibility implementation and accident investigation. Mainly includes:

1. Conduct a comprehensive survey of the buildings in the park. Including classrooms, offices, dormitories for teachers and students, canteens, toilets, fences, etc. , whether there are security risks.

2, to conduct a comprehensive inspection of facilities and equipment. Focus on checking whether fire-fighting facilities, evacuation routes and safety exits meet the relevant national standards, the use and maintenance of important facilities and equipment such as water, electricity, sports venues and equipment, the storage of dangerous goods such as radioactive substances, inflammable and explosive dangerous chemicals, and the operation of safety prevention and control system equipment and facilities.

3, to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the surrounding environment. Focus on checking the security situation, whether there are potential safety hazards in road traffic and business premises, and whether there are factories and enterprises that produce, manage and store toxic, harmful and dangerous goods near the campus.

4. According to the Food Hygiene Law, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, the Regulations on Hygiene Management in Public Places and other laws and regulations, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the sanitary facilities, catering facilities, drinking water management, food hygiene license application and the health status of employees in the canteen.

5. Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the daily safety education in kindergartens. Safety education before school and holiday, safety training for principals and teachers.

6, the construction and implementation of the safety management system to conduct a comprehensive inspection. Focus on checking whether the safety leading institutions are sound and whether the responsibility system and inspection report system are fully implemented; Whether the safety management system, guard system and emergency management system and institutions are sound.

7, the kindergarten safety institutions, personnel, protective facilities to conduct a comprehensive inspection. The emphasis is on protective facilities, the age and physical condition of the doorman.

8. Investigate high-risk groups. The focus is on parents of young children with mental or physical defects, such as divorced parents who are insane and threaten to retaliate against their units.

(2) Investigation and management methods

The investigation and management of hidden dangers should achieve "four combinations";

1, combining investigation and treatment with special rectification. The investigation and management of potential safety hazards shall be subject to dynamic management, comprehensive investigation and regular investigation and management. At the same time, according to the existing problems, organize special rectification actions, highlight the key points of work, pay close attention to the weak links, and solve the outstanding contradictions and problems that affect safety.

2. Combination of unit governance and departmental linkage. For the hidden dangers in the park, effective measures should be taken in time to deal with them; If it is difficult to manage for a while, it is necessary to implement monitoring measures and responsible personnel. For the surrounding security risks, it is necessary to report to the local government and relevant departments in a timely manner, take the initiative to contact and actively cooperate with relevant departments to carry out joint governance actions to ensure effective investigation and governance.

3. Combination of survey management and infrastructure construction. By constantly improving the safety work system and safety facilities, we will supplement and promote the investigation and management of hidden dangers and promote the comprehensive, regular and institutionalized investigation and management of hidden dangers.

4, investigation and management combined with strengthening emergency management. In the process of investigation and management, we will further implement the spirit of the People's Republic of China (PRC) Emergency Response Law and other documents, establish and improve the emergency management system and improve the emergency rescue plan system.

Four. Work measures and requirements

(1) Strengthen leadership and earnestly implement responsibilities. Unit leaders should attach great importance to the investigation and management of security risks and carry out the investigation and management of security risks under the unified leadership of the Municipal Education Bureau. Party and government leaders should personally grasp and take overall responsibility. It is necessary to clearly define the leaders in charge, set up corresponding organizations, make work arrangements, pay close attention to the investigation and management of hidden dangers, and truly form an all-round, all-vision, full-coverage responsibility system. Strive to provide necessary manpower, funds and technical equipment support for the investigation and management of hidden dangers. Do the work in depth and detail, leaving no blind spots or dead ends. Those who ignore major security risks due to inadequate investigation should be held accountable.

(2) Highlight key points and pay close attention to the implementation of the work. In accordance with the requirements of the scope of investigation and management, combined with the characteristics of actual and key periods, we will highlight the key points of work, comprehensively carry out hidden dangers investigation, earnestly implement measures, promptly rectify hidden dangers, and resolutely curb the occurrence of serious accidents.

(3) Strengthen publicity and widely mobilize teachers and students. It is necessary to make full use of the media such as radio, television, blackboard newspaper and Internet, intensify the propaganda of hidden dangers investigation and management, and organize the "Safe Production Month" with the theme of "managing hidden dangers and preventing accidents". It is necessary to establish a supervision and incentive mechanism, fully rely on and mobilize teachers and students to participate in the investigation and management of hidden dangers.

(four) information flow, timely statistical reports. Establish an information system for the investigation and management of hidden dangers in the whole park, clarify the scope of work, grasp the progress of work, make scientific statistical analysis, summarize major hidden dangers, implement work responsibilities, and provide information technology guarantee for the effective development of special actions and the establishment of long-term mechanisms.

(5) Summarize and improve and build a long-term mechanism. Committed to the investigation and management, at the same time sum up experience, improve rules and regulations, improve the scientific, systematic and effective investigation and management of hidden dangers, and build a long-term mechanism.

(6) Specific provisions

1. Monday of the fourth week of each month is a fixed self-inspection day for safety hazard inspection. The main content is to investigate the potential safety hazards in classrooms, offices, canteens, sports grounds, dormitories, electrical equipment, lines (sockets), water pipes, fire extinguishers, desks and chairs, doors, windows, electric fans, fluorescent lamps, sports grounds, campus safety and the surrounding environment of the campus.

2. Monday of the fourth week of each month is a fixed self-inspection day for potential safety hazards. Everyone in charge must carefully investigate the potential safety hazards. Fill in the relevant records, and report the potential safety hazards and problems that need to be rectified and solved in writing to the leaders in charge before 5: 00 pm on Monday of the fourth week of each month. The leaders in charge shall report relevant information to the director before 5: 00 pm on Wednesday of the fourth week of each month.

3. The safety working group of the park conducts random checks every month to track, record, summarize and file the solutions and implementation of existing problems.

4. Kindergartens shall issue a "Safety Briefing" once a month, including the existing safety hazards and safety accidents; Safety knowledge education, disease prevention, safety cartoons, safety lectures, safety civilized articles, pictures, etc.

5. List of persons in charge: (omitted).

The third chapter of the rectification plan for the investigation of potential safety hazards in kindergartens before holidays is to conscientiously implement the spirit of "organizing school safety inspection", firmly establish the idea of "safety first, prevention first", ensure that safety work is foolproof, ensure the safety of children's lives and property in kindergartens, build a harmonious campus and do a good job in school safety inspection.

I. Guiding ideology

Fully implement the documents and meeting spirit of the provincial, municipal government and municipal education bureau on safety work, firmly establish the consciousness of "safety first, prevention first", adhere to the people-oriented principle, put strengthening kindergarten safety work in the first place in daily work, raise awareness, strengthen responsibilities, seriously carry out investigation and management of potential safety hazards, and ensure the safety of teachers and students and campus safety.

Second, the work objectives

Further improve various safety management rules and regulations and safety emergency plans, strengthen the implementation of safety responsibility system and various safety measures, form a long-term mechanism for the investigation and rectification of potential safety hazards, and regularly carry out self-examination and self-correction of potential safety hazards to ensure the personal and property safety of children and faculty.

Three. All classes in our park carry out safety self-inspection in all aspects. The contents of self-inspection are as follows:

First, fire safety

1, fire fighting system: the system is established and improved, that is, all buildings in the park, with emphasis on teaching facilities, boiler rooms, canteens, etc. There must be a fire fighting system, and it must be posted in a conspicuous position;

2. Whether the number of fire-fighting equipment is sufficient and the placement position is reasonable.

3, whether there is an evacuation sign, evacuation sign installation position is reasonable.

4. Whether there are emergency lights and whether the emergency lights can work normally.

5, gas pipelines, appliances do regular inspection, perfect leakage prevention measures.

6, whether there is a fire evacuation channel, fire evacuation channel is clear.

7. Whether the fire-fighting equipment is regularly inspected and replaced, and whether it can play a role at any time.

8, canteen, boiler room and other key parts equipped with enough fire equipment.

9. Whether relevant personnel can skillfully and correctly use fire fighting equipment.

10, illegal use of fire and electricity;

1 1, disorderly wiring phenomenon.

B. Traffic safety:

1. Whether there are traffic safety hazards around the kindergarten, and whether it is reported to relevant departments for rectification.

C, canteen and food safety

1, establishment and perfection of food hygiene system;

2, canteen food procurement, transportation, storage, processing and inspection is in line with the hygiene standards and related requirements.

3, canteen related license is complete, whether the staff have health certificates and regular physical examination.

4. Whether the overall environment of the canteen and tableware strictly implement the regular disinfection system.

6. Whether the building, equipment and environment of the canteen conform to the hygiene and safety (including electricity, fire, water and steam, etc.). ) standards and related requirements.

7. Disease prevention and control measures are in place.

D. Safety of school buildings and construction sites

1. Are there ancillary buildings such as classrooms, fences, doors and windows, toilets, warehouses, wells, pools, corridor railings, external stairs, water supply, power supply and other facilities related to students' safety?

2. The structural safety and circuit safety of the house.

3. Whether the construction projects in the park have safety isolation settings.

4. Whether the roads, school corridors and corridors in the park have lighting facilities.

E, electricity safety

1, whether the power grid laying and electrical equipment in the park meet the relevant national safety standards.

2, lamps and lanterns switch, socket is working properly, with or without naked, lighter phenomenon.

3. Whether the line is aging.

4, lamps and lanterns hanging is firm, whether it is possible to fall off at any time.

5. Is the line overloaded?

6, the line is chaotic, and there is a phenomenon of selfless chaos.

7, classrooms, offices and other key parts whether someone walking lights out, cut off the power supply.

8, whether there is an off-campus unit or individual to power supply behavior.

F. Safety of teaching facilities

1, sports facilities, playing AIDS, etc. Whether it meets the safety requirements, whether there are sharp and hard parts and loose fractures.

2. Use and maintenance of facilities and equipment. Focus on checking the use and maintenance of boilers, gas, water and electricity and other important facilities and equipment, and whether there are potential safety hazards in important places such as laboratories, auditoriums, canteens, dormitories, activity rooms and toilets.

G. Safety of stairs and corridors

1. Whether corridors and corridors are safe and smooth, and whether lighting equipment is maintained in time and always in normal condition.

2. Children go upstairs and downstairs, and there is no special person responsible for guidance and command.

3. Whether the design of stairs, corridors and guardrails meets the safety requirements and is firm.

4. Whether large-scale collective activity organizations benefit and whether the entrances and exits are under unified command.

H. Safety of dangerous, toxic, inflammable and explosive articles

1, management system for toxic, flammable and explosive articles;

2. Implement personnel management;

3. Safe storage location;

4. Conduct regular inspections;

5. Use registration.

First, safety education

1, whether safety education is included in classroom teaching and whether the teaching content is substantial and effective.

2, whether to adhere to the rich content and various forms of safety education activities.

3. Whether there are regular safety self-help drills every year, whether the teaching staff can correctly use fire-fighting equipment and master the methods of escape and self-help.

4, whether employees understand and abide by the safety system.

J. Safety around kindergartens

1. There are illegal dangerous houses that are easy to fall and collapse around the kindergarten;

2. Whether there are factories and enterprises that produce, manage and store toxic, harmful and dangerous goods near the kindergarten.

Work requirements of intransitive verbs

Seriously implement the responsibility, attach great importance to this safety inspection, highlight the key points, and quickly carry out a major investigation of school safety hazards without letting go of any loopholes. Insist on inspection and rectification. For the hidden dangers and problems found in the inspection, it is necessary to register and file, formulate the rectification plan, implement the person responsible for rectification, and immediately rectify; For those who cannot be rectified immediately, effective monitoring and preventive measures should be taken, and a special person should be appointed to be responsible; Ensure that the rectification does not go through the motions, leaving no hidden dangers and ensuring the safety of teachers and students.

In order to implement the national policy of "safety first, prevention first", implement the responsibility system for kindergarten safety work, eliminate all kinds of hidden dangers in time, prevent accidents, and ensure the safety of teachers and students' lives and property, a hidden danger investigation and rectification system is formulated.

The first is to strengthen the security risk investigation mechanism.

Leaders insist on checking safety work once a day and once a week, and find hidden dangers in the bud.

(a) to check the security risks of gardens and facilities. Whether there are hidden dangers and warning signs in kindergarten walls and key infrastructure; Whether the safety work is normal; Whether the electrical circuit is aging; Whether the doors and windows of classrooms and student dormitories are opened and closed in time, and whether the tables, chairs and bedsteads are firm.

(2) Investigate the hidden dangers of food hygiene and safety in kindergartens. Whether to adhere to the daily cleaning of environmental sanitation; Whether the electricity consumption in the school canteen is standardized and whether the switch is damaged; Whether the water used in school is sanitary; Whether the doors and windows of the canteen and the fly net are closed in time.

(3) Investigate the hidden dangers of fire safety in kindergartens. Whether the fire escape is unblocked; Whether the fire fighting equipment is easy to use; Whether the fire alarm device and emergency lighting device are normal; Whether the fire sign is damaged; Whether there is a phenomenon of using open flames in schools; Whether there are potential safety hazards in the school power cord.

(four) to investigate the safety hazards of park cars. Check whether the performance of the parked car is good. Whether the students' road safety has been notified to their parents in advance.

(five) do a good job of hidden trouble investigation account. In the investigation and rectification of potential safety hazards, records should be carefully made and the registration form for investigation of potential safety hazards should be filled in. In the process of investigation, report the problems found in time and fill in the account of safety inspection and hidden danger rectification so as to be handled in time. In the process of investigation, if you encounter problems that cannot be concluded, please ask the relevant departments and leaders to identify them to prevent accidents.

Second, strengthen the declaration and education of safety knowledge.

Leaders must "stress safety at every meeting, at every activity, and check safety when entering the school", so as to combine investigation with supervision. When the flag is raised every Monday, it is necessary to strengthen the safety education and management of children, and distribute safety publicity materials every month to effectively prevent and control school safety accidents.

Third, the security risks rectification and reporting system

On the basis of daily safety hazard investigation, organize centralized handling and reporting of accident hazards once a month. Hidden dangers of accidents must be reported before each rectification is completed until the rectification of hidden dangers of accidents is completed. It is necessary to maintain close contact and communication with relevant departments, and control and eliminate risks in time when dangerous situations are found. For general accidents, relevant personnel should immediately organize rectification. For major accidents, the main person in charge shall organize the formulation and implementation of the accident hidden danger management plan. The main leaders are fully responsible for the handling of potential safety hazards, and are responsible for organizing various business departments to carry out rectification and ensure the implementation of projects, measures, funds, time and responsibilities. The person in charge and relevant personnel shall take corresponding safety precautions in the process of potential safety hazards management to prevent accidents. If the safety of teachers and students cannot be guaranteed before or during the elimination of potential safety hazards, they should immediately evacuate the dangerous area and other people who may be harmed, set up warning signs and temporarily stop using them. Relevant devices, facilities and equipment temporarily stopped shall be sealed, maintained and maintained to prevent accidents.

Investigation and rectification plan for potential safety hazards before the holiday in kindergarten Chapter V In order to implement the spirit of safety work at higher levels, further strengthen the safety work in kindergartens and effectively prevent safety accidents, the following work plan is formulated:

I. Guiding ideology

Conscientiously implement the spirit of the implementation plan of safety inspection by superiors and education offices, firmly establish the sense of responsibility of "safety prevention is no trivial matter, and children's safety comes first", with the purpose of maintaining the safety and stability of kindergartens and surrounding areas and ensuring the safety of teachers and students, make great efforts to do a good job in investigation, control, safety prevention and persuasion, fully implement various measures in kindergartens, and constantly promote the standardization, institutionalization and long-term construction of kindergarten safety work, so as to create a good social environment for the scientific development of education and the safety of teachers and students' lives and property.

Second, the work objectives

Through safety inspection, we will further improve the kindergarten safety responsibility system and accident prevention and control system, strive to reduce general accidents, effectively curb major accidents, and resolutely put an end to major accidents, so as to make kindergartens a harmonious and safe campus with children's peace of mind, parents' peace of mind and social satisfaction.

Third, organize and lead.

Team leader: Yan Jiuzhi

Deputy leader: Cao

Members: Zong Fen, Sun Yinmei

Fourth, the time and content of the investigation.

Time: April 20XX 17.

Content: Check safety management, school facilities, food safety, etc.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) focus of work

1, the deployment and implementation of safety work, safety education, traffic safety, kindergarten safety management and comprehensive management of the surrounding environment of kindergartens were investigated.

2, school buildings, teaching facilities, drinking water facilities and other hardware security risks.

3. Investigate the illegal and collapsed dangerous houses around the kindergarten.

4. Conduct an in-depth inspection of food safety in kindergartens, completely eliminate sanitary corners, and deal with all kinds of unsanitary hidden dangers and habits in time. Such as asking for certificates and tickets, tableware cleaning and disinfection, food samples, operator certificates, etc.