"Scream" includes:
A little thing.
‘Diary of a Madman'
Duck's comedy
Dragon Boat Festival
hometown
Kong Yiji.
medical science
The True Story of Ah Q
Rabbits and cats
Social drama
rainstorm
The story of hair
tomorrow
white light
Diary of a Madman is Lu Xun's first vernacular novel and the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature. Published in May 19 18, the author adopted the pseudonym of Lu Xun for the first time. This article created the image of an anti-feudal warrior-"madman". Through the narration of a madman, the author reveals the history of China's civilization for thousands of years, which is essentially a history of eating people. The essence of feudal family system and feudal ethics in the cloak of "benevolence, righteousness and morality" is cannibalism. At the same time, the author issued a call to "save the children", calling on the people to wake up and overthrow the feudal system. With its distinctive anti-feudal ideology and strong artistic appeal, this article has aroused great repercussions in the ideological and cultural circles, thus laying a solid foundation for the whole China New Literature Movement. The artistic features of this article have had a wide influence in the New Culture Movement. The author's realistic description of the madman's paranoia, sensitivity and delusion accords with the pathological characteristics of the persecutor. And write the expression of madman's pun by symbolic means. The Madman gives a symbolic description of feudal forces, combining realism and symbolism seamlessly. This has produced a strong artistic appeal, followed by language personality. Diary of a Madman uses modern literary language. The author carefully conceived a "incoherent" madman. The language seems messy but sharp, which not only conforms to the characteristics of mental patients, but also expresses the voice of the oppressed. Personality language has successfully created a warrior image that looks like a madman but has symbolic significance.
Tomorrow is one of Lu Xun's novels that focus on reflecting the tragic fate of women. Through the description of the widow's loss of her only son, the work shows the shocking picture of China women's isolation and helplessness, and criticizes the phenomenon of cannibalism in the dark society and the ruthlessness and indifference of people in the declining society. The author's cold writing style shows his resentment towards the dark society. Exquisite and realistic art shows the skillful writing skills of the author. The washed simple pen vividly outlines a small town genre painting, but in the description of characters and dialogues, it is difficult to change a word, which is really a masterpiece.
A little thing is short and pithy, with profound content. The full text is only about 1000 words, and the work describes a small matter in daily life. While praising the noble qualities of the lower working people, it also reflects the self-reflection of intellectuals and shows a new idea of learning from the working people sincerely. It is unusual to have such an understanding during the May 4th Movement, which has far-reaching social significance. The writing characteristics of this paper are as follows: firstly, the different attitudes of coachman and "I" towards the same thing are compared by comparison, which reveals the selfishness of "I" and embodies the tall image of coachman who is aboveboard, daring to do and caring for others. The beauty of this contrast lies in highlighting the simplicity and selflessness of workers with indirect and implicit pen and ink. In the form of expression, this article is like a sketch, close to contemporary "short stories", short and pithy, fresh and meaningful; The plot is true and credible, and it has become one of the most widely acclaimed masterpieces in modern novels.
Kong Yiji created a typical image of a declining intellectual in feudal society. Kong Yiji, impoverished and pedantic, was finally swallowed up by the feudal society under the poison and destruction of the feudal imperial examination system. The author attacked the numbness of the national spirit and the indifference of society to the suffering people, and sharply condemned the decadent feudal imperial examination system. The artistic feature of this article lies in its rigorous structure. First, it explains the environment and atmosphere. Secondly, develop and introduce characters; Then there is the climax, which is the center of the novel-suggesting the ruthlessness of society. Novel management articles, works are unique. The second feature is to use profile description to shape characters. The work uses the first person "I"-what the hotel waiter saw and heard to write about Kong Yiji. His character description, dialogue and experience are all expressed through the general description of "I", so that the characters created in this way are true and credible, thus vividly depicting the characters. The language of the novel is also extremely concise. Many characters such as hotel shopkeepers, waiters, jackets, customers, children, etc. portrayed by the author are all sketched with a few concise strokes and lifelike. When Kong Yiji finally defended his unreliable innocence, the self-deceiving phrase "stealing books is not stealing" made the image of intellectuals in the old society pretentious, pedantic and amazing!
"Medicine" is based on 1907 Qiu Jin Uprising, a hero of the democratic revolution, and is formed through artistic processing and typical shaping. The novel describes an old democratic revolution, in which the revolutionary's blood sacrifice is not understood, and his own blood is made into human blood steamed bread to treat consumption, and makes a thought-provoking analysis of the historical reasons for the unsuccessful revolution. This paper adopts double-line structure, which is original. A clue writes that Hua Laoshuan treats his son; Hua Laoshuan buys human blood steamed bread, Hua Xiaoshuan eats human blood steamed bread, and Hua Aunt goes to the grave; Clues to Yu Xia's revolutionary activities and sacrifices. The two tragedies are intertwined to form a tragic picture. The author's meticulous conception is highlighted by using special thinking and suggestive writing skills. Using the two symbolic surnames of "Hua" and "Xia" as synonymous with bleeding and eating blood, its strong and far-reaching significance is extremely rich and profound. In fact, the whole article only wrote the opposite of the sacrifice of a revolutionary, and reflected the tragic of the revolutionary through the impression and reflection of a group of unconscious people. Yu Xia's murder was not clearly written, but implied from the action description of onlookers; The place where he was killed was also clearly pointed out to be the pavilion in Gu Xuan, which was a hint provided by Gu Xuanting, a Shaoxing woman who was killed in Qiu Jin. The stupid reaction of prisoners and listeners reflects his spirit of death; The wreath on his grave suggested that their comrades were still fighting. At the end of the novel, the tomb is compared to the steamed bread for the birthday of the rich, which is more profound and alarming. The whole novel is shrouded in a thick and cold atmosphere, which is also the atmosphere that the author successfully created to highlight the characters and themes, so the story of eating people's blood is more shocking.
The Duck's Comedy mainly tells the story of B·R·Epomehk, a blind Russian poet, living in Beijing. He felt bored and lonely, so he asked someone to buy some tadpoles. When they grew up, they could hear the symphony of "Frog croak". When he learned from the children that "they had feet", "he smiled happily."
However, he bought four ducklings. They were "really cute and covered with yellow flowers". Ducks are cute, but when they swim, their throats "eat" tadpoles in B·R·Epomehk. The "frog symphony" that haunted him was shattered. Afterwards, he left the desert-like Beijing with regret.
The article is not long, but Mr. Lu Xun's rhetoric between the lines is very incisive. He compared Beijing to a "desert", which reflected the quiet and dry characteristics of Beijing. The duckling image written by Lu Xun in this article, although only one or two sentences, is very vivid and vividly reflects the cute appearance of the duckling.
The last two paragraphs of the article always feel a bit bleak: the scenery is there, but the people are gone. It's a pity that no one appreciates such a lovely and beautiful scenery. Is it a pity?
Dragon Boat Festival
1, social background: This article was first published in1No.9, Volume XIII, Shanghai Novel Monthly, September, 922. At that time, it was in the ebb tide of the May 4th Movement. The New Culture Movement and the May 4th Movement aroused the people's revolutionary upsurge against feudalism, but this fanaticism temporarily retreated under the suppression of the warlord government and the old feudal forces. The confrontation between the old and new forces has broken out one after another. In this case, not only some feudal adherents became popular, but also some people who accepted the baptism of new culture returned to the old track. There are still some people who seem to be progressing, but in fact they are backward.
2. Central idea: "Dragon Boat Festival" is a pungent satire of Mr. Lu Xun's old intellectuals, such as Xuanzhuo, who are superficial and backward in their bones, in a relaxed and humorous way.
3. People: The Dragon Boat Festival has created an old intellectual who is superficial and backward in his bones. The square string is "the representative of these people, who stick to the rules, don't like new things, and always like to think about problems with the past world."
(1) Judging from his status, he is not only in colleges and universities, but also in officialdom, and he is a small official of the government. As an intellectual and a bureaucrat, his words and deeds are full of contradictions, and the incident of "asking for salary" made him in a dilemma and lost face.
(2) Judging from his cultural role, he seems to be a new scholar, holding a trial collection every day. However, his heart is shallow and vulgar. At home, he is a "parent" waiting for food. In society, he is a spectator who stands by and waits for change. He is an old-school scholar in new clothes.
4. Language: In this novel, Lu Xun adopted a relaxed and humorous satirical style. By describing Fang Xuanzhuo's behavior, language and psychology, the protagonist can perform his own clown and make readers laugh and meditate.
The True Story of Ah Q takes Weizhuang, a closed rural town around the Revolution of 1911, as the background, and creates the image of Ah Q, a typical backward farmer who has suffered serious physical and mental injuries. He is homeless and has no regular job. He made a living by selling labor and was brutally oppressed and exploited. But he can't face up to his tragic position, but he is intoxicated with the "spiritual victory law." Ah Q's transformation from blind arrogance to pathetic self-contempt is a typical figure in the semi-feudal and semi-colonial social environment. Ah Q's class status decided that he welcomed the revolution, but he was ignorant of the revolution, confused and mentally numb, and was shot by the feudal landlord class who usurped the fruits of the revolution. Lu Xun took "exposing diseases and treating diseases" as his aim, followed the principle of realism, and profoundly pointed out through artistic depiction that even an unconscious farmer like Ah Q really yearned for revolution, and he always had the possibility of revolution hidden in him. Farmers are an important force in China's revolution, and it is extremely important to enlighten them. The novel reveals the historical roots of class contradictions and "spiritual victory law" in semi-feudal and semi-colonial society, strongly criticizes the detachment from the masses and incompleteness of the Revolution of 1911, and expresses the author's ideological viewpoint of "transforming the national character"
The novel Rabbit and Cat is fabled, and the author takes rabbits and cats as objects to express his love and hate. The author sympathizes with the newborn weak rabbit and hates the ferocity of the big black cat, which reflects the social phenomenon and further reflects the ferocity of the big black cat representing the dark forces and the author's hatred for it. With strong observation and vivid brushwork, the author vividly depicts the appearance, movements and demeanor of the white rabbit, and the language is vivid and accurate, which enhances the artistic charm of the work.
The braid of the storm was once one of the symbols of the establishment and demise of the Qing Dynasty. In Lu Xun's eyes, it is also a symbol of the shackles of traditional culture and national spirit, and a sign of national revolution and crisis. By describing a braid storm in a water town in the south of the Yangtze River, this novel shows the real face of rural China after the Revolution of 1911, and reveals the national weakness of "no special exercises" without spiritual belief and pursuit.
Theme:
The novel describes a braid storm caused by the 19 17 zhang xun restoration incident in a water town in the south of the Yangtze River, and shows the heavy atmosphere of closed, ignorant and conservative rural areas in China after the Revolution of 1911. The remnants of the imperial system are still ravaging farmers, who are still under the rule and control of feudal forces and ideas, exposing selfishness, misery, numbness and indifference caused by the lack of spiritual beliefs. The weakness of "no special exercise" in the state of blind obedience shows that the Revolution of 1911 did not bring real changes to the rural areas of China under feudal rule, and the future social revolution will be difficult to succeed if it cannot awaken the people.
Main characters:
Seven Jin: He is a famous local "appearance figure" who has seen the world. He is even respected by everyone, and his treatment is "quite good". However, his depression after hearing the news that the emperor was sitting in the dragon court, his forbearance when he scolded his wife, and his inner depression when he was angry with his daughter all showed that he was a typical insensitive, timid, ignorant and vulgar backward farmer with no democratic consciousness.
Seven pounds sister-in-law: pungent and vulgar, sharp-tongued, "I hate hitting people with sticks", and my words are vicious; Aggressive, arrogant, unreasonable and inferior, she is not as honest as ordinary rural women. Like other characters, she is still selfish, backward, ignorant and numb, and lives in a state of ignorance.
Through such figures, the work vividly shows that in China after the Revolution of 1911, people who lack firm belief and martyrdom spirit are still extremely separated from the revolution and still far away from it; The lack of public awareness is the fundamental reason for the ultimate failure of the Revolution of 1911 and all other reforms, and it is also the realistic basis for the constant performance of such tragedies as the braid storm.
Master Zhao: He is uneducated, spiritually poor, empty, good at keeping a low profile, sinister and always dreaming of restoration. His aggressive words, intimidation and deception showed the desire and ambition of the feudal restoration forces to make a comeback. Although he and Qi Jin and others are in different social classes, in a sense, like Qi Jin and others, he is a nation without faith and special manipulation under authoritarian rule.
The Story of Hair organizes stories around women's haircuts and men's braids. Through the repeated twists and turns caused by the hair problem, Lu Xun expressed his hatred of feudal stubborn conservative forces and his anger at the weak and incomplete old democratic revolution. Lu Xun conceived the novel with the monologue of the characters as the main means, and narrated lyricism through the monologue of the characters, and at the same time narrated it with the social image of braid. Fiction art is also used in the process of novel creation, and "falsification" is achieved through fiction.
The book "White Light" is about Chen Shicheng's gray temples, but he still lags behind many times, even the scholar has never won, so he is mentally abnormal and hears a strange call (which doesn't actually exist), so he throws himself into the river under this torture.
This article was deliberately written in a gloomy tone, aiming at criticizing the unreasonable examination system at that time and exposing the tragic fate of the losers.
The author's affection for "hometown" is not only a general feeling between people, but also a special feeling with personal color. Before there is any rational thinking about "hometown", a person has already had a spiritual connection with it, that is, "cutting constantly, reasoning is still chaotic." The spiritual connection established between childhood, adolescence and "hometown" is impossible for a person to completely get rid of in his life. Later impressions, however strong, only happened on this basis, and it is impossible to completely get rid of the vines that open this feeling. As far as the novel "Hometown" is concerned, all my feelings about the reality of "Hometown" are based on the emotional relationship that has already occurred in my youth. "I" can't forget the lovely image of my youth, and it is impossible to completely forget the memory of that beautiful hometown formed when I was a teenager. After that, the feelings and impressions are superimposed and stuck together with this impression formed as a teenager. This forms the confluence, mixing and combination of various emotions. Such feelings are not simple, but complex; Not bright colors, but turbid. Such feelings are feelings that can't be cried or laughed, and can't be clearly expressed through lyrical language. You have to take it out of your heart a little bit. You can't panic or rush. It takes time and length, and readers need to chew, feel and experience slowly. This complex emotion without bright colors is melancholy in our feelings. Melancholy is an ambiguous mood and emotion, a long and long mood and emotional state, which is not strong and easy to get rid of. Hometown presents a melancholy beauty. Melancholy is long, and so is this beauty.
Of course, there are many such articles in the book Scream. Mr. Lu Xun wrote these articles to make the people of China awake after reading them. With humorous and sarcastic language, angry and encouraging tone, Mr. Lu Xun inspired China people who were half asleep and half awake at that time, and explained the darkness of society at that time with critical language, showing Mr. Lu Xun's earnest hope for the sleeping dragon China to wake up as soon as possible and rebuild China!