Educational methods for problem students:
1, frontal induction method
Positive induction is to tell students what is right, what is wrong and why. Positive induction is different from simple preaching and indoctrination, especially avoiding condescending reprimands. Positive induction focuses on induction and guidance. Induction is inspiration and guidance is guidance. It is necessary to set up the facts accurately, fully and forcefully, and tell the truth seriously, thoroughly and clearly, which will arouse students' strong inner conflicts, thus generating a sense of guilt and vacillation and arousing the desire to correct mistakes. Experienced teachers are good at using vivid examples to subtly lead to profound truth, so that students can be inspired and educated unconsciously, distinguish right from wrong, and form correct moral understanding and concepts.
2. Trust test method
Makarenko once said, "People who don't get respect from others often have high self-esteem. You trust him, reuse him and give him more responsibilities, which is often the best means to mobilize his enthusiasm. " Trust test method is to boldly trust students and let them be tested in activities, so as to correct bad moral behavior. For example, let students who have made theft mistakes take care of the books in the class; Let undisciplined students be on duty and maintain class discipline. Makarenko once asked a student (young thief) of the engineering group to go to the bank to withdraw a huge sum of money. When the students got their money back, makarenko was locked in the drawer intact. The student said in surprise, "Teacher, count!" Makarenko said, "Never mind, I believe you". The teacher's trust has produced great strength. The boy not only corrected the mistake of stealing, but also became a war hero in the Soviet Union's Great Patriotic War.
3. Use the chance method.
Some opportunities can often be the best opportunities to educate students and make them mutate. What opportunities are available?
First, a new beginning, a new environment. For example, the beginning of a new semester and a new school year; Transfer to a new school or class; New head teacher, new head teacher and so on. At this time, students have a sense of freshness, hoping to get new understanding and evaluation from people around them, change their image and restore their self-esteem, which brings them a good opportunity to innovate, which is a good opportunity for education.
Second, major events in personal life, such as winning prizes, being punished, major changes in life, and when the mind or body is in a state of pain, can also achieve unexpected results if properly used.
4. Self-inhibition method
Self-restraint method is aimed at the psychological characteristics of poor self-control and weak will of problem students. Under the guidance of teachers, we should remind and alert ourselves with self-oath, self-command, self-supervision and self-punishment to curb the occurrence of bad behavior. For example, instruct students to post some aphorisms on their desks, pencil boxes, room walls and other places to warn themselves. Remind and urge yourself; I stipulate that if I do a bad thing, I will punish myself: I will be punished for doing a heavy physical labor or helping others do a good thing; Students with strong personality and quick temper will learn to take a deep breath or sing in a low voice to distract their attention, calm their excitement and avoid irrational behavior.
5. Elimination of induction method
As the saying goes, "those who are near the ink are black, and those who are near the ink are black." The influence of environment on students' moral character cannot be underestimated. Therefore, although avoidance induction is a passive defense method, for some students who are ambiguous, have poor moral will and are first offenders, consciously eliminating all kinds of bad induction and cooperating with other methods for education can play a role in preventing and correcting bad moral behavior. For example, it is isolated from places that are prone to error opportunities; Avoid some partners who do bad things; It is forbidden to watch some unhealthy books and videos with low style; After obtaining the consent of the class teachers of both parties, some students who violate the law and do bad things will be replaced.
6. Model law
Imitation is one of the psychological characteristics of primary and secondary school students. Experiments show that role models can correct students' bad morals. Once the role model is established in students' minds, they will consciously imitate and recognize it in their words and deeds. Teachers should take purposeful measures to help students set their own learning examples. To make the example work, first, the example should be amiable, credible and effective, establish the prestige of the example, and eliminate the psychological barrier of "unattainable"; The second is to attach importance to teachers' own role models. Confucius Day: "He is upright and walks without orders; His body is not right, although he is not obedient. " Teachers' behavior is a silent command; Thirdly, different learning modes should be determined according to the different characteristics of students.
7, punishment strengthening method
Reinforcement is a psychological process that forms conditioned reflex. Students' moral understanding and moral behavior habits are the result of many strengthening. Reward and punishment is an affirmation and negation of students' behavior. For problem students, timely evaluation of their behavior, immediate praise or reward for correct behavior, and timely criticism or punishment for mistakes can improve their ability to distinguish right from wrong and clarify what to do and what not to do. Attention should be paid to strengthening rewards and punishments: first, praise should be given priority, criticism should be used less, and punishment should be used with caution; Second, rewards and punishments should be timely; Third, there must be various forms; Fourth, it must be fair and moderate, and it cannot be abused.
8. Emotional influence method
As the saying goes: "people are not vegetation, who can be ruthless?" "If you are sincere, the stone will open." Educational practice tells us that love is the most effective means of education. Teachers' emotions can warm a cold heart, turn the prodigal son back and domesticate wild horses. Emotional influence law requires teachers to care, love, help and considerate students from all aspects of study and life with sincere love, and sincerely trust, respect, encourage and educate students with affection. When students begin to personally experience the teacher's love, sincere feelings and ardent expectations, their hearts will change suddenly, and the teacher's teaching will take effect, affecting and changing students' behavior and developing in the direction expected by the teacher.
9, grasp the bright spot method
Students with bad moral character have strong self-esteem and inferiority complex. Some people lose confidence in progress, others "break the jar and fall" and never expect praise or anything like that. The way to catch the bright spot is to be good at discovering and actively using some advantages and strengths of students, igniting the sparks of students' self-esteem and self-confidence, and inspiring their strong motivation to be positive. To seize the bright spot, we must first be good at discovering. We should abandon all kinds of metaphysical viewpoints such as "incorrigible" and "uselessness", treat students with dialectical eyes, and discover and tap their strengths. Secondly, we should actively use the bright spots, that is, opportunities and occasions to show students their strengths, encourage and praise them in time, and let students experience positive emotions such as self-esteem, success and honor.
Causes and characteristics of problem students;
1, parents have been spoiled since childhood, and they can't discipline them when they are older. Some parents let it go. Even if some parents manage it, the effect is not good because of improper methods and other reasons. Such students are often willful, unable to withstand setbacks and afraid of hardship.
2. Parents' divorce leads to students' psychological imbalance, losing confidence in the future and giving up on themselves. Such students often fall into the quagmire of puppy love and cannot extricate themselves.
3. Family changes lead to the lack of fatherly love or maternal love since childhood. Such students are often withdrawn and taciturn. Such students are often easy to accept the care and love of others.
4. Incorrect family education methods. Some parents believe in the education mode of "golden hoop sticks out good people" when their children are young, and often beat and scold their children. Causes the child's serious rebellious psychology and violent tendency. There is also a beating and scolding, a justifying a fault, which leads to the child not having a correct view of right and wrong, making mistakes repeatedly and not changing his original intention.
Further reading
Teach students how to be grateful.
Since ancient times, there has been an old saying in China that "the sheep kneels on the chest and the crow feeds back", but looking at the present campus, there are not a few students who squander their parents' hard-earned money on eating, drinking and having fun, and many "neets" are unwilling to work and support their parents after graduation. The sense of gratitude is seriously lacking. Students' hard education for teachers and the help between classmates seem ungrateful.
How to help students appreciate the love of their parents, others, society and country, and how to teach students to repay their parents' upbringing, the cultivation of their motherland and the teaching of their teachers. This is a problem that schools, families and society should discuss and solve together. I have been paying attention to this for a long time and considering it for a long time. I think we should start from the following aspects:
First, pay attention to the enlightenment education of gratitude and open children's gratitude.
"The child's mind is a strange land. You sow the seeds of thought, and you will get the harvest of behavior; Sow the seeds of behavior and you will reap the habits; Sow the seeds of habit, and you will get moral harvest; Sow the seeds of morality and you will get the harvest of fate. " Teachers should take every opportunity to help students gradually form a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values. Let students feel the affection, friendship and kindness in the world with gratitude, and give back to others when they accept their care, support and help, instead of just asking for and enjoying them. Educate students to remember the goodwill of others, enhance their sense of responsibility, have a grateful heart, know how to pity, know how to respect, know how to be responsible, be kind to others, and be kind to every grass and tree in nature.
At present, students' lack of gratitude is very common. The fundamental reason is that gratitude education is marginalized in the education system they receive. Family unprincipled connivance, school education with culture as the leading direction often pays insufficient attention to moral education. In this context, students fall into the "desert" of emotional education. In the emotional world of many students, the concept of gratitude has become a blind spot. Children only know what to ask their parents for, regardless of the return, and the sense of gratitude is seriously lacking. The lack of gratitude consciousness is inevitable.
Thanksgiving enlightenment education, that is, parents should attach importance to thanksgiving education when they are young, teachers should emphasize thanksgiving education when they enter school, and junior high school teachers should carry out thanksgiving education again. When his world outlook is not fully formed, seize the opportunity to educate. Cut into students' individual psychological world, stimulate individual spiritual resonance, urge students to have a deeper emotional experience of certain events, strengthen gratitude psychology, enhance sense of responsibility, cultivate healthy and noble moral sentiments, and develop and sublimate moral emotions.
Second, encourage students to participate in the practical activities of gratitude education.
Environment is silent education, which exerts a subtle influence on students. Therefore, it is necessary to create an educational atmosphere with the theme of "gratitude" so that students' hearts can be baptized in an atmosphere full of "gratitude". According to the specific situation of their classes, set the following activities:
1, tell the story of "gratitude". A story meeting with the theme of "gratitude" is held in the class, which makes students realize that "filial piety and love" are the foundation of establishing a person and the source of all virtues.
2. Establish a "grateful" tabloid. With novel typography and distinctive content, we regularly publish "grateful" cases, so that students can witness the image of "filial piety" and be infected.
3. Greet frequently to make parents feel comfortable. The ancients said that "words must be done" and encouraged students to always say considerate or grateful words to their parents. For example, "Mom and Dad, you have worked hard!"