Chen Hanzhang (1March 86413—1June 29, 938), alias Zhuo Yun, was born in Chen Dong village, Chendong Township, Xiangshan County, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. He was once the head of the history department of the National Peking University and Central University.

He has been studying hard all his life. He devoted his life to the study of the "four parts" of Confucian classics and historiography subsets; Carry forward the development of Chinese studies and personnel training all his life; Life is full of patriotism and national pride. He is the author of General History of China, Lectures on Er Ya Yi, Cases after Zhou Shu and On Quotations.

Chinese name: Chen Hanzhang.

Alias: spectrum name, word from the cloud, alias Zhuo Yun, later name Bo _

Nationality: China.

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Place of Birth: Xiangshan County, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province

Date of birth: 1864 March 13.

Date of death:1June 29, 938

Occupation: historian and educator

Main achievements: a generation of scholars and masters of Chinese studies.

Masterpieces: General History of China, Er Ya Yi Lecture, Cases after Zhou Shu, On Quotations.

The life of the character

outline

Chen Hanzhang was born in Tongzhi for three years in the Qing Dynasty. He was born in a family that farmed and studied, and he was smart and studious since childhood. At the age of 4, he can read; I can recite poems at the age of 6; At the age of 7, he officially received education; He studied in the private school "Yuan Yue" established behind his former residence. /kloc-started writing at the age of 0/0 (Zhejiang Library 15 1 year-old poetry). Later, he was admitted to Danshan and Yingxi Academy, and he was more diligent and eager to learn. He won the first place in Tongsheng, so he decided to study the "four parts" of the subset of classics and history. At the age of 23, I first entered Lou Yu (commonly known as "Jingjingshe") and studied under the famous master of Confucian classics, Yu Yue. At the age of 24, I went to Ningbo to identify the records and asked Mr Huang.

Chen Hanzhang is a famous historian and master of Confucian classics in modern China. He used to be Professor Peking University, Professor of Central University and Head of the Department of History. There are many books, including General History of China, Lectures on Erya Studies, Similarities and Differences of Confucian Classics, Book of Rites, On Quotations, Collating Notes, Shi Tong Bu Shi, etc. Beijing Library and Zhejiang Library have 100 kinds of manuscripts with more than 6 million words.

Concentrate on your studies

25-year-old (1888) Hangzhou Rural ExaminationNo. 10. After being elected, Mr. Zhang Han was hired as an official for many times, and the official went to Zhili, Guangzhou, but he was not an official. He devoted himself to study, read widely and became a great scholar. 46-year-old (1909) was hired as a professor by Shi Jing University Hall (founded in 1898, renamed Peking University on 19 12) and went to Beijing to change his original intention and continue his studies. At the age of 50 (19 13), he graduated with the first place in the history department of Peking University, and is still a story of Peking University.

working situation

Chen Hanzhang has been a professor of Chinese studies, history, philosophy and foreign languages in Beijing Shi Jing University, Peking University, Beijing Senior Police School and Beijing Normal University for nearly 20 years (in which he left Beijing for a long vacation in the last two years, and Peking University hired Zhang Han as the head of the history department to retain him). At the age of 65 (1early 928), he was invited as a professor and head of the history department of Nanjing National Central University. Mr. Zhang Han's teaching and educating people has made great contributions to the management of departments and personnel training in colleges and universities.

Old age life

Retire at the age of 68 (193 1 at the beginning) and enjoy your old age. From then on, I wrote behind closed doors and realized my ambition. However, due to illness, on the morning of June 29th, 1938, a generation of masters of Chinese studies died in Xiangshan, his hometown, at the age of 75. From his last wish, he was buried in Dongshan, Mulongdong, his hometown.

Personality assessment

Mr. Zhang Han read widely all his life, learned extensively and memorized, studied rigorously and wrote books. Every time you read a book, you should always check its advantages and disadvantages, proofread its mistakes, distinguish its authenticity and evaluate its gains and losses. Every time you read, you should add some sentences with colored pens, from shallow to deep, first gamboge, then light blue, pink, rouge, and then vermilion.

Every article should be read aloud dozens of times. He only published more than ten manuscripts before his death.

Character works

1960, Zhonghua Book Company published three works by Mr. Zhang Han, namely, The Case of Zhou Shu, Supplementary Tables for Zhang Han's Funeral Affairs and Research on Liao History. 1985 The Institute of Ancient Books of Hangzhou University has compiled Zhang Han's works such as The Analects of Confucius, Textual Research on Laoyangyang and Poetics. However, from the Catalogue of Pei Xuetang Textbooks I compiled in his later years, it can be seen that there are more than 8 million words of 100 manuscripts to be published, covering the "four books" of classics and historical subsets, which are now preserved as rare books in Zhejiang Library. Mr. Chen Hanzhang is determined to serve the country with scholarship and promote national culture all his life. His study has experienced "three changes": he is a beginner in ancient and modern literature and is not partial to one school; Middle-aged people hope to strengthen the country, search widely for western learning, and study practical learning; After returning to the "Four Departments", I was meticulous and pursued unremittingly. Mr. Zhang Han has many famous people, including famous writer Mao Dun, philosopher Feng Youlan, social activist Xu Deheng and historians Fan Wenlan, Gu Jiegang, Luo Jialun and Fu Sinian. Because of his outstanding academic achievements and the spirit of carrying forward national culture, he was praised by people at that time: Zhang Taiyan praised him as "knowledgeable and thoughtful", Cai Yuanpei called him a "two-legged library" and Huang Kan respected him as a "queer scholar".

Local complex

Mr Zhang Han, called "patriotic eccentric" by Mao Dun, has a strong patriotic enthusiasm and a strong local complex. 1907 the first president of Xiangshan persuasion college, under his sponsorship and launch, established more than 30 primary schools. As a representative of public opinion in Xiangshan, Liwan County is divided. Do not forget the public welfare undertakings, and invest in the creation of "Xiangshan County Public Hospital" (the predecessor of Xiangshan County First People's Hospital). From 65438 to 0922, Mr. Zhang Han returned from visiting relatives in Peking University and was employed as the editor-in-chief of Xiangshan County Records of the Republic of China. Later, he took the manuscript to the north and completed the compilation of county annals in Peking University for four years, so he became an "independent compilation" of county annals (this chronicle is one of the four famous annals of the Republic of China and an encyclopedia of Xiangshan, which played a role in management, education and preservation of history). At the same time, Mr. Chen Hanzhang also attaches great importance to loyalty, filial piety, courtesy and righteousness, and is charitable and sets an example.

The influence of later generations

To commemorate Mr. Chen Hanzhang's academic achievements and patriotic feelings, Xiangshan County Party Committee and County Government rebuilt Mr. Chen Hanzhang's tomb on 1982. 1992, Zhang Han memorial pavilion and memorial wall were rebuilt. In 2006, the Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Zhejiang Province took the compilation of Complete Works of Chen Hanzhang as the "No.1 Project" for the integration of provincial documents, and the complete works were about 2 1 volume,100000 words. In September, 2007, during the 10th China Fishing Festival, the county party committee and government held a grand opening ceremony for Mr. Chen Hanzhang's memorial hall, held an academic seminar for Mr. Chen Hanzhang, and published the first book Chen Hanzhang, a master of Chinese studies. At this time, Peking University sent Professor Zhang Wancang, secretary of the Party Committee of the History Department, and Professor Chen Qianping, director of the History Department of Nanjing University, to congratulate him. Peking University wrote in the congratulatory letter when Zhang Han's former residence opened: "Mr. Zhang Han made important contributions to the early humanities construction and talent training in Peking University; During his life, he wrote a lot of wealth, his works and other bodies. He benefited from learning the forest and made contributions to the future. " This is the best evaluation of Mr. Chen Hanzhang.

Mr. Ji Xianlin, known as the contemporary "academic master", is also awed when he mentions Mr. Chen Hanzhang. He even said that Mr. Chen was his teacher, and personally wrote the plaque of "Chen Hanzhang's Former Residence". Ouyang Zhongshi, a professor at Capital Normal University and a famous calligrapher, wrote an inscription for the memorial hall of Mr. Chen Hanzhang. Previously, Xu Deheng, former vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), wrote "The Tomb of Mr. Chen Hanzhang"; "Historian Chen Hanzhang" written by Cheng Siyuan, former vice chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference; Huang, the former procurator-general of the Supreme People's Procuratorate, China, wrote "Learning Hall"; On the memorial wall, Mr. Taiwan Province wrote the Han chapter "The Long History of Learning". Taiwan Province academic circles also published some works of Mr. Zhang Han, and listed Mr. Chen Hanzhang in the Hall of Fame.

Character story

Former residence of figures

The address is located in Chen Dong Village, Chendong Township, Xiangshan County.

/kloc-one day at the beginning of the month, Ji Xianlin, a 96-year-old master of Chinese studies, happily wrote five big characters-"Chen Hanzhang's former residence", which was the first time that he/kloc-0 wrote an inscription with a brush for many years, and the word "respect" was specially added when signing.

Many people want to get the word Ji Xianlin, but he almost never asks this question. This time, when I heard that Chen Hanzhang's former residence was being protected and renovated, Ji Xianlin said, "Chen Hanzhang is my teacher" and immediately asked his assistant to pick up the pen and ink. A generation of masters of Chinese studies wrote an inscription for another late master of Chinese studies, leaving a good story.

Previously, Xu Deheng, former vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), wrote "The Tomb of Mr. Chen Hanzhang"; Huang, the former attorney general of the Supreme People's Procuratorate, wrote "Pei Xueting" for the memorial pavilion; Cheng Siyuan, former vice chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, wrote an inscription for The Historian Chen Hanzhang. This also reflects Chen Hanzhang's position in the history of China studies.

One sunny afternoon, we came to Chen Dong Village, Chendong Township, Xiangshan County, and found Chen Hanzhang's former residence without much effort. Ji Xianlin's plaque inscribed "Chen Hanzhang's Former Residence" hasn't had time to hang the lintel.

This is a two-story blue brick quadrangle building, which consists of a school nursery and a school. It is exquisitely carved and elegant in style. The composition school faces south and west slightly, and it is a double-eaved building with two sides. There is a fence in front and a double stone door. There are seven rooms in the main room, and the second and last rooms have corridors. There are seven squares on the side of the Ming room, and there is a porch in front of it. Xueputang is located in the south of the seal school, and it is also composed of one side and two sides. There is a wall in front, and the main room is divided into seven rooms.

Chen Hanzhang's former residence was built in the eighth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1859) by his father Chen Chang. Xiangshan County specially allocated funds to comprehensively reinforce and repair Chen Hanzhang's former residence. Therefore, the former residence in front of us is well preserved.

In his later years, Chen Hanzhang returned to his hometown, lived in a school and devoted himself to historical research. Many of his works come from here. According to Chen Hanzhang's grandson, their grandfather plows the fields and reads poems for an hour every day. Get up at 5: 30 every morning and read aloud. This book is so loud that it can be heard far and near in Chen Dong village. The villagers said it was more accurate than the cock crowing. When they were young, they were very sleepy and were often awakened by the sound of reading. So day after day, year after year, the sound of books is endless.

We wandered in the porch, trying to find the breath left by a generation of Confucian scholars, as if the sound of books had haunted Liang for nearly a hundred years.

satisfy one's desires

Chen Hanzhang was eager to learn, read widely and recite articles since childhood. When I was 25, I was confessed. Later, I worked with Zhang Taiyan under Yu Yue, a famous master of Confucian classics at that time. After the exam, I was awarded the Guangdong examinee in Zhili, but I didn't take office. In the late Qing Dynasty, Shi Jing University Hall (the predecessor of Peking University) hired him as a professor, but he preferred to be a student. Because he has a great regret in his life, that is, he can't choose an academician. After the abolition of the imperial examination, there is a popular view that imperial academy graduates can be called "foreign academicians", so he would rather be a student and take a "foreign academician" to comfort his life.

1909 was admitted to Peking University, 19 13 graduated first in the history department of China. He was one of the earliest graduates majoring in history in Peking University, at the age of 49. Later, while studying, I served as a professor of China literature, history and philosophy in Peking University, teaching Chinese legal history, general history of China, ancient history of China, modern history of China, history of Western Zhou Dynasty, general theory of Confucian classics and other 15 courses. This story was once regarded as a joke, and Chen Hanzhang was therefore regarded as an academic eccentric.

"Two-legged stack"

Chen Hanzhang studied rigorously all his life, read a lot of books, and read books on classics and history from the Han and Tang Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty. Every New Year's Eve, I will definitely write a summary and check the completion of the one-year reading plan. Every time you read a book, you should check its advantages and disadvantages, proofread its mistakes, distinguish its authenticity and evaluate its gains and losses, so the paper is full of red and green dots. Once you have your experience, record it and save the data. With the passage of time, his works are increasing day by day, covering various ministries and commissions such as classics, history, philosophy and collection. There are often 10 brushes on Chen Hanzhang's desk, and most of the tips are about to be polished.

His classmate Mr. Zhang Taiyan once praised: "Zhejiang colleagues are knowledgeable and thoughtful, and no one can match them." At that time, the Ministry of Education received foreign sinologists in Beijing, and Chen Hanzhang was often invited to participate in consultation. A Japanese sinologist once asked questions face to face, and Chen Hanzhang answered them in detail. There is nothing wrong, so Japanese sinologists call him a "two-legged library" and describe his knowledge as rich as a library. Foreign sinologists praised Chen Hanzhang as "a master of China with profound knowledge and articles".

patriotism

Chen Hanzhang is the teacher of Mao Dun, a famous writer. When Mao Dun celebrated the 80th anniversary of Peking University, he recalled, "What impressed me most was the teachers of Peking University's history of China and geography of China. At this moment, Chen Hanzhang, a history teacher in China, is still vivid in my mind. He is a disciple of Yu Quyuan and a classmate of Zhang Taiyan. He was a historian in Chi Ming in the late Qing Dynasty.

Chen Hanzhang taught the history of China in Peking University and wrote his own handout. He collected the fragments from the works of pre-Qin philosophers, and proved that the so-called acousto-optic electrification in modern European science was in ancient China, when European powers were still eating birds and eating blood. It is even said that there were planes in the pre-Qin period, and the evidence is that Liezi said that there were flying cars. One day, when the class was about to leave the classroom, a classmate suddenly asked, "Mr. Chen, you have studied modern European science in China since ancient times. Why did you lose it later? " Chen Hanzhang frowned and said, "We will continue to study the reasons, which will be discussed in the history after the pre-Qin era." Mao Dun, who was only 17 years old at that time, interjected: "Teacher Chen is thinking about ancient love. He is the voice of China people." At Mao Dun, Chen Hanzhang left without saying anything. That night, Chen Hanzhang sent a note asking Mao Dun to talk to him. Mao Dun went in fear and trembling. Surprisingly, Chen Hanzhang was not angry. Instead, he said frankly, "I know that it is far-fetched for my handout to say that foreign modern science existed in China before 2000. But why write it like this? Raising the voice of a great man is half right. After the Opium War, the Qing court was afraid of foreign countries like a tiger, and an unbreakable atmosphere of worshipping foreign countries was formed among the literati. It is a shame for China people to see foreigners grovel. Forget that China is an ancient civilization, much better than foreigners. I want to break this trend, so I made up such a handout and talked about it. " He also said: "The Chinese nation and white people stand shoulder to shoulder." Mao Dun later called Chen Hanzhang a "patriotic maniac".

After nearly 20 years in Beijing, he repeatedly declined Sun and Wu's invitation to be an official. Chen Hanzhang is very sympathetic to the revolution and a patriot who cares about the country and people. Revolutionaries Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin were killed, and they were extremely indignant. They once said: "Men are like Xilin, women are like Qiu Jin, and state affairs can be done." . He supported Sun Yat-sen's revolution. Sun Yat-sen died in Beijing. He attended the funeral and expressed his condolences.

On another occasion, the embassies of six countries in China sent people to hire Chen Hanzhang to tell them about the history of China. Teaching for two hours a week, with a monthly salary of 600 yuan (at that time, the living expenses of ordinary families were only three or four yuan per person per month), and transportation by car. Chen Hanzhang politely declined. Afterwards, his son asked Chen Hanzhang, "Why did his father refuse such a heavy reward and such superior conditions?" Chen Hanzhang replied, "You only know that the salary is high and the conditions are good. Do you know whether the history of China can be understood by foreign countries? " This can also show his patriotic feelings.

Pay attention to propriety and righteousness

Chen Hanzhang is in his hometown. Every year during the Spring Festival, his closest relatives and younger generations will go to his home to pay New Year greetings. In the past, etiquette was highly valued. The younger generation should kneel and kowtow to the elders when they pay New Year greetings. The most surprising thing is that when others salute Chen Hanzhang, he will kneel down to return the gift, and when he gets up, he will bow respectfully. In an article recalled by his student Gu, he mentioned that he was an apprentice of his husband when he was a teenager: "I studied for two semesters, visited Mr. Chen twice, and Mr. Chen returned the gift twice."

You are so polite to the younger generation, let alone the older generation. In the Lunar New Year, Chen Hanzhang, who is old, always goes to the patriarch's home early in the morning to pay a New Year call. At that time, the patriarch was an old farmer, but Chen Hanzhang was not too poor, regardless of his own identity, and went to salute himself.

Whenever the Spring Festival approaches, Chen Hanzhang will send ten kilograms of pork and a bucket of rice to the lonely old people in the village to comfort their hearts. If the deceased is alive, sick or old, Chen Hanzhang will ask someone to deliver the baby, ask someone to treat the disease, or buy a coffin for burial. He actively sponsored the construction of bridges, pavements and temples in the village and was never stingy. There is a road dozens of miles long in the village. Due to years of disrepair, the slate is broken, the road surface is uneven, and it is muddy in rainy days. In order to solve the problem of difficult road, Chen Hanzhang built this road with sole investment.

At that time, there were no schools in Chen Dong village, only a few private schools, and it was very difficult for teenagers to learn. Chen Hanzhang donated money to set up schools to solve the problem of reading difficulties among teenagers in his hometown and other places.

No matter how powerful those people who suppressed poverty and dominated the village were, Chen Hanzhang dismissed it as talk.an excellent job and took the blame for the bullied people, winning the praise of the villagers.

When Chen Hanzhang was ill in bed, the county was preparing to build a public hospital. When Chen Hanzhang was informed, he donated 65,438+0,000 yuan to promote its early completion. When the hospital was built and opened, Chen Hanzhang had already passed away.

When teaching at Peking University, Chen Hanzhang wrote books in class during the day, compiled handouts at night, taught children to read the Four Books and Five Classics, explained them in detail, and worked until midnight every day. Even if he has a cold and fever, he insists on compiling handouts and attending classes. His wife advised him to take time off to rest, but Chen Hanzhang said, "The state should race against time to train talents. How can I delay the time of dozens of people when I rest alone? " Sometimes students go to his house for advice, and Chen Hanzhang always talks over and over again, quoting classics and answering them one by one until the students fully understand them.