In classical times, people often used gods, goddesses or personified images to represent certain ideas. Although suppressed in the Middle Ages, this practice became popular again in the Renaissance. 1789 during the French revolution, a series of personalized images symbolizing freedom and rationality appeared one after another. Finally, these two symbols are concentrated on a female character. She can stand or sit, and at the same time, she has some other remarkable features, such as the cock beside her, the tricolor hat badge she wears and the Phrygia hat she wears on her head. Usually, this woman symbolizes freedom, rationality and the civilian nature of the French nation, motherland and Republic. For such an image, you can refer to the Statue of Liberty created by a French artist, and two copies of her are exhibited in Paris and Saint Etienne respectively. )

1792 In September, the National Assembly issued a decree announcing that women with long guns and Phrygia hats would appear on the seals of state organs. Why should women represent the Republican system instead of men? Historian Maurice Argul Hong reveals the source of Marianne's image through detailed investigation and study of many of his famous works. He believes that people can find the answer to this question through the investigation of French national tradition and psychology. The moral image of women just symbolizes the destruction of the "old system" ruled by men. Before the French Revolution, the Kingdom of France was often represented by male figures, just like the Palace of Versailles (CH&; Acirc is shown in the picture on the ceiling. In addition, in French, the word "la République" itself is a feminine noun.

At first, the use of such female images was not uniform, and it was not officially recognized. Among these female images, the most typical one is the female image in Eugène Delacroix's oil painting People's Freedom, which symbolizes freedom and republic. This painting was painted by Delacroix in 1830 to commemorate the July Revolution in 1830. It was called "Trois Glorieuses" in history. March 1848, 17 In view of the fact that there was no representative of the Republic with official status before, the newly established Ministry of Interior of the Second Republic launched an activity to collect images that can symbolize the Republic in the form of paintings, sculptures, commemorative medals, coins or seals. After the monarchy was overthrown, the interim government declared: "The image representing freedom should replace the image representing corruption and shame that was destroyed by the great French people in three days in every corner." Since then, Marianne's morality has really focused on the three concepts of freedom, republic and revolution.

There are two images of Marianne finally recognized: one is Marianne who is fighting and returning victorious, which reminds people of Athena, the goddess of ancient Greece. This version of Marianne is topless, wearing a Phrygia hat and a corsage, holding up an arm as a sign to call on the people to rise up and resist. The other Marianne's image is more conservative: she is calm and calm, dressed in ancient costumes, with the sun around her head, obviously using the royal family as a symbol of the Republic. There are many other symbols around this portrait of Marianne, such as ears of wheat, plows and bundles of ancient Roman knives and axes. These two diametrically opposite images of Marianne exactly represent two aspects of the Republic-one represents the bourgeoisie and the other represents the democratic social situation before the June Uprising.

City halls all over the country can voluntarily choose Marianne's image for display, but unwitting staff often mistake her for a religious figure and return her portrait or statue to local churches. 1849, Marianne's image first appeared on French stamps. The official position of Marian's image was further established in the Third Republic (1870- 1940). 1880, Paris H & OcircTel de Ville) took the lead in placing the statue of Marianne wearing a Phrygia hat, and other cities in France soon followed suit. Soon after, Paris, a powerful radical, held an activity to collect statues for the Republic Square. 1883, the Morrisett brothers won the game with their revolutionary image of Marianne. They created the image of Marianne, with one arm pointing to the sky, wearing a Phrygia hat and her chest covered. 1889, Aimé-Jules Dalou won the activity of collecting statues for the National Square to commemorate the centenary of the French Revolution. In the statue he designed for national mall, Marianne holds the baton of an ancient Roman hatchet man, wears a Phrygia hat, bares her breasts, and is surrounded by figures representing labor (an image of a worker representing the people), justice, peace and education-all fruits that the French people should enjoy under the Republican system. 1899, in the shadow of the Affaire Dreyfus case, the authorities held an unveiling ceremony for the statue, and the then prime minister was Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau, a radical socialist. At the same time as the unveiling ceremony, the workers held high the red flag nearby and held a large-scale demonstration. Government officials in black dresses fled the ceremony. In the minds of workers, Marianne should be the representative of the Social Democratic Republic (French: La Ré publique d é democracy et sociale, referred to as La Sociale).

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Marianne's image rarely appears in the monuments of the First World War. However, in 1936, the then People's Front followed the practice of the Second Republic and introduced real-life models of Marianne, which were also slandered as "shameless prostitutes" by the then right-wing newspapers. During the Second World War, Marianne became a symbol of freedom against Nazi invaders and a representative of the tit-for-tat struggle between the Republic and Vichy regime. During Vichy regime, 120 of the 427 statues of Marianne in France were melted by the authorities, and the statue of Marianne in the city hall was also melted by the French militia of Vichy regime (Milice Fran & CCEDIL; Go away. Although General Charles de Gaulle made full use of Marianne's image during the war, Marianne's post-war status declined and her appearance in stamps and referendums decreased. Marianne appeared as a revolutionary and subversive figure in the May storm of 1968. Later, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, the conservative liberal president, erased Marianne's image from the stamp and replaced it with the logo of La Poste. He also instructed to slow down the playing rhythm of "La Marseillaise" and downplay the activities to commemorate1May 8, 945 Victory Day.

Marianne did not often appear in public during the activities commemorating the bicentennial of the French Revolution from 65438 to 0989. Francois mitterrand, a socialist who was then French president (Fran &; Ccedil Aoiz Mitterrand's purpose is to unite all citizens, gain their recognition and remind them of the Republican system, not the revolution. In the large-scale float parade carefully arranged by avant-garde designer Jean-Paul Goode, American soprano jesse norman sang the French national anthem "La Marseillaise" instead of Marianne. After 19 century to the 20th century, the brutal internal strife (such as1February 6th, 934 riots, Vichy regime, etc. ), the people of the French Republic have reached a consensus that all French citizens now support the republic, so the worship of Marianne is not so important.