Characteristics of college students' entrepreneurship
(1) College students are enthusiastic about starting a business, but only a few people persist. Due to the lag of entrepreneurship education in China and the non-intellectual education in university education, college students' entrepreneurship in China is still in its infancy and lacks independent entrepreneurship. Many students who start a business suddenly face the comprehensive difficulties brought by starting a business.
In June 2007, the number of people actually searching for laws was very small, accounting for a small proportion of the total number of college students. Problems are often at a loss or confused. Entrepreneurship requires management knowledge,
Fox.com conducted a survey on the employment intention of college graduates in 2006. The results show that knowledge and venture capital knowledge need personnel management, financial management and material demonstration, and only 9.4% people choose to start their own businesses. Among many entrepreneurs, management, a large part of production management and marketing management ability, and the foundation that needs to be mastered have all tasted failure. According to incomplete statistics, the success rate of college students' entrepreneurship is only 2% ~ 3%. The entrepreneurial proportion of famous universities is even lower. For example, Tsinghua, some business management knowledge, such as how to exchange stamps for checks, may confuse him, because it is not too difficult for graduates to find jobs, and at the same time, starting their own businesses requires willpower, consciousness, perseverance and self-control. of course，
Take considerable risks. Although Tsinghua University has a good environment for students to create, be brave and decisive, face challenges, practice their abilities, explore, organize and lead, and coordinate industries, not many people choose to start businesses. At present, about 500 students in Tsinghua University are facing the challenge of starting their own businesses, including their independent cooperation ability, communication and interpersonal skills, entrepreneurial ability and creativity, accounting for only about 2% of the total number of students in Tsinghua. In the war.
In the United States, well-known universities such as Stanford, the proportion of college students' entrepreneurship can reach (5) The entrepreneurial team of college students is unstable, and there are too many unstable factors for college students who have just graduated or are facing graduation. He is10%; In chongqing technology and business university, where the author lives, less than 2% of the college graduates actually start their own businesses. Students may be considering other development directions while starting a business. For example, one
(2) College students' self-employment has low scientific and technological content and low success rate. In the process of starting a business, two go abroad and one takes an exam. Although most of the students participated in the self-employment plan competition at school, the whole team was in trouble and it was difficult to continue the entrepreneurial activities. For one reason, it is necessary to stop the business that has just started. There are also some entrepreneurial teams of college students whose projects are all about high technology. But once you leave school after graduation, starting your own high-tech enterprises often looks weak. In this way, most rational venture capital companies are reluctant to invest in students' entrepreneurship, because they lack the ability to cooperate and negotiate, and they can't handle conflicts of opinion well in the operation process. Wrangling? Can't concentrate on business.
Small scale and high risk enterprises. Therefore, most graduates chose when they started their business, and the business that just started soon became paralyzed. According to the survey, many college students' entrepreneurial teams are difficult to start a business, with less start-up funds, easy to start a business, relatively small risks and easy to operate. Communication remains relatively stable and can work together. Less than five years. Unify industries, such as catering, consulting, retail and other small and suitable industries. In this way, college students can save costs in the environmental problems of starting a business, and on the other hand, they can accumulate experience first. As mentioned earlier, (1) the lack of a strong supporting environment for college students' entrepreneurship is mainly due to the lack of state support for college students' independent entrepreneurship. In June, 2007, Sohu.com conducted a survey on the employment intention of the 2006 college graduates. The results show that a large number of entrepreneurs have had enough. Although the state has issued a series of preferential policies to encourage college students to start businesses. However, compared with the mature and complete entrepreneurial environment abroad, China's current entrepreneurship is a failure.
(C) Entrepreneurial college students lack the ability to resist setbacks and the environment is not perfect. Because they are young in financial support, government policies, government projects and entrepreneurship, and most college students are only children at present, they still need to be proud in psychological education and training, business environment, taxation and fund raising, which is the primary obstacle for them to enter the society, and it is difficult to improve and perfect with an open mind.
Listen to the valuable experience of people who have experienced it and see their weaknesses clearly. In the survey, it is found that the obstacle of traditional social concept is also an immature entrepreneurial environment. Calculate the market prospect of our project: there are 500 million people in China who need our production performance. According to China's traditional social concept, being admitted to a university means going beyond the class. If everyone buys one at a cost of 100 yuan, we will have sales of 50 billion yuan? Longmen? After graduating from college, you should go to government departments to be civil servants or do sales in the market. This example should be said to represent the mentality of some people. But the truth is not to go to big companies? White collar? . For example, it is not so simple for college students to start small businesses after graduation, and the prospects of social consumption and market supply and demand are constantly changing. When starting a business, there are rumors everywhere. It is generally believed that entrepreneurial college students can constantly introduce new products because of their own abilities. If you have problems with your ability and can't find a job, start your own business. A survey found that 48 jobs were studied.
Environmental problems in college students' entrepreneurship
First, the lack of entrepreneurial culture and entrepreneurial atmosphere.
Entrepreneurial culture and atmosphere can directly affect the level of entrepreneurship in a certain region. The culture of pursuing freedom, innovation and adventure is conducive to entrepreneurial activities. However, judging from the tradition of China's ideology and culture, Confucianism has advocated the doctrine of the mean and neutrality since ancient times, and does not support behaviors with many uncertain factors, such as starting a business. The continuation of this conservative thought indirectly forms the restrictive factors of college students' entrepreneurship through the influence on their parents. At the same time, the entrepreneurial atmosphere in various regions of China is extremely lacking. Mainly manifested in: first, most college students go to work directly after graduation, and subconsciously lack the passion and concept of starting a business; Second, some college students are able to make initial entrepreneurial attempts because of their psychological age and other characteristics. But once you encounter setbacks and difficulties, you will be discouraged and give up starting a business, so the idea and concept of starting a business will only stay in the initial conception stage; Third, some college students still choose to work stably in enterprises and institutions because of many factors, such as short experience, small scale of development, shortage of funds, employment situation of students and so on, even though they have made small achievements in starting a business.
Second, the financing problem in the entrepreneurial environment
Lack of funds is a common problem for college students to start their own businesses. In recent years, the state has issued a series of preferential policies for college students' entrepreneurship. For example, self-employed college graduates who are registered as unemployed can apply for a small secured loan of no more than 50,000 yuan, but most college students still face the dilemma of lack of venture capital. On the one hand, college students spend part of their savings in the process of attending colleges and universities, and a small number of college students even use student loans to complete their studies, so they lack the necessary financial support when starting a business; On the other hand, it is the financing channel in the early stage of entrepreneurship. The money raised from relatives and classmates is limited, and there are many restrictions on financing from banks and other financial institutions. For example, unsecured and risky start-ups are small in scale, inefficient and have poor prospects, so financing difficulties are one of the most important factors restricting college students' entrepreneurship.
Third, entrepreneurship education is out of touch with college students' entrepreneurial practice.
The development of entrepreneurship education is very important to improve college students' entrepreneurial awareness and ability, and it is one of the most important factors affecting college students' entrepreneurship. Whether college students' entrepreneurial activities are active or not is directly affected by the development level of entrepreneurship education. Although some universities in China offer entrepreneurship education and training, such as setting up specialized entrepreneurship education institutions, combining entrepreneurship education with quality education, concrete entrepreneurship education system, comprehensive entrepreneurship education, etc. The theory and practice of entrepreneurship education and training are divorced, which makes entrepreneurship education in China not fully play its role. A complete entrepreneurship education system should be organically combined with the existing education system of the school, covering entrepreneurship teaching, entrepreneurship practice and other aspects, in order to play its good role. Specifically, it should be systematized and standardized in guiding institutions, teaching staff, educational model, theoretical research, teaching methods, curriculum essence, textbook compilation, evaluation system and practical activities. This will also involve the reform of teaching in colleges and universities, the reform of student training mode and the deep-seated problems of talent training objectives in colleges and universities.
Fourth, the entrepreneurial service system needs to be improved.
For college students to start their own businesses, the entrepreneurial service system is both an intermediary and a guarantee. Since entrepreneurship is a long-term process, it needs to go through entrepreneurial conception, entrepreneurial preparation, the establishment and growth of new enterprises. Therefore, only a perfect entrepreneurial service can play a benign role in promoting college students' entrepreneurship in terms of ideological guidance, process guidance, dilemma guidance and development guidance. Specifically, it should include formulating the development plan and guiding ideology of college students' entrepreneurship, establishing a unified organization to manage college students' entrepreneurship, taking charge of specific services and consulting work, establishing entrepreneurs' associations and online exchange platforms for entrepreneurial information, strengthening the release and publicity of information related to entrepreneurship, establishing an entrepreneurial value evaluation and management consulting system for new ventures, and strengthening the construction of entrepreneurial parks. A perfect service system is not only the motivation for college students to have entrepreneurial passion and ability, but also a powerful guarantee for college students to carry out entrepreneurial activities.
Fifth, the degree of market openness is poor.
The openness of the market determines the possibility of fair competition and development between new enterprises and small enterprises in this region. Since the reform and opening up in China, all provinces have basically established an open market system, and the degree of market opening has increased year by year. The opening of the market also brings more entrepreneurial opportunities and lowers the threshold for new enterprises to enter the market. On the whole, however, the openness of China's market is far from meeting the requirements of international standards. First, the transparency of the market is not enough, and many behaviors are not market-oriented operations, so it is difficult for start-ups to obtain projects and opportunities provided by the government; Second, the cost of entering the market for start-ups is still very high, and large companies can set high industry barriers with strong financial strength, thus limiting the entry and fair competition of start-ups.
Sixth, the transfer of research and development is not enough.
Generally speaking, the transformation of scientific research achievements into enterprises in various provinces in China is not strong enough, and the contribution rate of the transformation of scientific research achievements in colleges and universities to economic development is relatively backward. Many scientific research achievements are out of touch with market demand, and it is difficult to carry out market-oriented development. Some colleges and universities lack the necessary research funds, and the research funds cannot be guaranteed. At the same time, there is no effective venture capital system to support the transformation of scientific research achievements. Enterprises lack the ability to digest the scientific and technological achievements of colleges and universities, lack the professional intermediary agencies to transform scientific research achievements, and scientific research achievements cannot be transformed into real productive forces due to lack of funds, resulting in great waste of scientific research resources.
Seven. Insufficient protection of intellectual property rights
Intellectual property rights are the ownership of intellectual labor results produced by human intellectual labor. Intellectual property protection is a major event related to the sustainable development of a city or a country, and has become the strategic commanding height of the international economic order and one of the focuses of fierce competition among countries. Most of the new enterprises started by college students are related to knowledge transformation and application, and the unfavorable environment of intellectual property protection also affects the original motivation of college students' entrepreneurship. In this regard, there are problems in all regions of China: first, there is a lack of education and publicity on intellectual property law, and many people lack understanding of intellectual property protection; Second, leaders at all levels have insufficient understanding of the importance of strengthening intellectual property work; Third, the management level and efficiency of intellectual property management departments need to be further improved; Fourth, the level of mastery and application of the intellectual property system is not enough, and there is a lack of specialized personnel to deal with intellectual property disputes.