The major of mental health education in higher education self-study exam is to meet the needs of China's economic construction and social development.

Especially to meet the psychological counseling and counseling needs of schools at all levels and related industries. Its purpose is to popularize mental health knowledge in a more open and flexible educational form and cultivate mental health education professionals.

Talents can improve the mental health level of individuals, groups, organizations and the whole society. This major focuses on the ability of candidates to analyze and solve problems by using scientific knowledge.

Training objectives

The major of mental health education in higher education self-study exam requires candidates to take Marxism, * * * thought,

* * * theory and Theory of Three Represents theory as the guidance, systematically master the knowledge and skills of mental health education, and have the ability to analyze and solve the actual mental health problems of individuals and groups such as universities, primary and secondary schools.

To become a teacher or related professional who can better undertake mental health education.

Employment direction

Psychologists, teachers and researchers in pre-school, primary and secondary schools, mental health education and counseling teachers in various schools at all levels, and psychological professionals in hospitals, psychological counseling and other related industries.

What are the main contents of mental health education for officers and men? To strengthen the psychological education of grassroots officers and soldiers, we should start from the following aspects. First, to establish and improve the psychological education system and enhance the effectiveness of psychological education, we must first pay full attention to the establishment of psychological education institutions, the improvement of the system, the equipment, training and management of backbones, and at the same time increase publicity, unify the understanding of officers and men, and create good psychological education conditions. (1) Establishing and perfecting the organizational system is the foundation and source of motivation for the work, and establishing and perfecting the psychological education guarantee system is a reliable guarantee for doing a good job in psychological education for grassroots officers and soldiers. First, we must establish and improve a strong organizational guarantee mechanism. Psychological education should proceed from the reality of the army, establish a psychological education system and a working mechanism of mental health service under the unified leadership of party committees and organs at the detachment level, with political cadres as the backbone, and the combination of political work system and medical and health system. Set up a full-time leading group composed of multiple departments and establish corresponding mechanisms to provide a strong institutional guarantee for psychological education. The second is to establish and improve the linkage mechanism of psychological education. The linkage mechanism is to form a series of service guarantee systems in which classroom education, psychological consultation, psychological adjustment, psychological consultation and psychological training interact and promote each other. Form a five-in-one linkage interaction mechanism of "testing, consulting, training, counseling and feedback" to improve the actual effect of psychological education. The third is to formulate a psychological test mechanism. Conduct psychological tests on officers and men in time every year or every six months, and the test results can provide basis for psychological education on the one hand; On the other hand, we can also grasp the psychological state of officers and men, find people who are psychologically unhealthy or sub-healthy in time, and truly achieve early detection, early treatment and early treatment. In addition, psychological tests should be conducted by full-time professionals. In particular, it is necessary to do a good job in keeping the test results confidential, so as to prevent the disclosure and dissemination of personal privacy and bring adverse psychological effects to grassroots officers and soldiers. (2) Establish and improve the psychological files of officers and soldiers. The purpose of establishing psychological files of officers and soldiers is to record the daily psychological changes of officers and soldiers, their mental state, the results of psychological tests, and the suggestions and advice of psychologists, so as to provide a basis for accurately grasping the psychological changes of officers and soldiers and conducting psychological counseling. The first is to establish personal psychological files. From the beginning of enlistment, they were given psychological tests, and their psychological status, personality characteristics and ability characteristics were recorded and filed separately. In the process of establishing mental health files, their family history and past mental health status should be registered, and the file management department of this unit will assign a special person to be responsible for the management. Second, the files are updated in time. The timely updating of archives is to record the psychological changes of officers and men in different periods, stages and complex environments in time. Or conduct psychological tests on grassroots officers and soldiers regularly every year and quarter to test their psychological changes and record the results in time. In this way, we can master the law of psychological changes of officers and men, improve and update the contents, methods and measures of psychological education, and provide favorable basis for psychological education. The third is to implement the lifelong system of psychological files. The lifelong system of psychological archives is one person and one file, which is transferred with the transfer of personnel. For example, when a party wants to leave his unit for a new unit due to examination, study technology, job transfer and other reasons, he can sign his psychological file together with other personal files and organizational relationships. In this way, the receiving unit can grasp the psychological and ideological status of the transferred personnel in time according to the psychological files and personal files. This solves a big problem for "unfamiliar management". (3) Popularizing psychological knowledge in an all-round way is helpful to improve grassroots leaders' understanding of psychological education; It is helpful to improve the ability of cadres to use psychological science to carry out education; It is helpful for grassroots officers and soldiers to enhance their psychological endurance. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the officers and men's understanding of psychological science. First, do a good job in psychological knowledge propaganda. Doing a good job of propaganda is to guide officers and men to strengthen the study of psychological knowledge more actively and turn the rejection of psychological science into the motivation of learning. Let the officers and men understand that everyone's psychology is different, but the angle and attitude of looking at things are different, not "mental illness" or "mental illness". Drawing a clear line between "disease" and "sub-health" is the guidance of classic stories. It publishes psychological stories and typical cases through public security network, regional network, bulletin board and information base. This can improve the mastery of psychological knowledge of grassroots officers and soldiers, enhance their understanding of psychological science, and fully mobilize their enthusiasm and initiative in learning psychological knowledge. The third is to organize lectures in a timely manner. The detachment or brigade will organize officers and men to give lectures in due course, or hire senior psychologists to give video lectures on psychological knowledge, and adopt various learning methods and teaching methods to continuously enhance the attraction of psychological education. (4) Improving the quality of educators To do a good job in psychological education, we must improve the quality of psychological educators. First, establish and improve the training and rotation mechanism for psychological educators. Focus on cultivating their ability to analyze the psychological phenomena of officers and men, maintain mental health and solve common psychological problems, so as to improve the ability of educators to organically combine and promote psychological education activities such as education, testing, consultation, training, adjustment and mental health services. The second is to adhere to the evaluation system. It is necessary to incorporate the evaluation system for educators into the annual assessment, and adopt the post-rotation training system for the subjects in combination with the actual situation of the army, so as to realize the continuous updating of educators' educational concepts, educational methods and methods and enhance the actual effect of psychological education at the grassroots level. The third is to increase guidance. Units above the detachment level shall, according to the specific conditions of their subordinate units, send working groups in a timely manner to supervise and inspect the psychological education work carried out by grass-roots units. According to the way and content of education, combined with the psychological outlook of officers and men, research and discussion are carried out to correct the outstanding problems in the education process in time. Second, scientifically set up the contents of psychological education to enhance its effectiveness. To carry out psychological education, it is necessary to intensify investigation and research and strengthen the tracking and feedback mechanism of educational effect. Only in this way can we set up scientific and reasonable psychological education content that conforms to the actual situation of the army, the law of psychological changes of officers and men and has strong pertinence. (A) extensive investigation and study Before setting the content of psychological education, we should go deep into the grassroots to carry out extensive investigation and study. Through psychological tests, questionnaires and feedback from officers and soldiers, the rationality of the content setting of psychological education can be deeply investigated and studied. A comprehensive analysis of the psychological state and needs of officers and men can really improve their cognitive ability and self-regulation ability. The first is to determine the content according to the needs of officers and men. Meeting the psychological needs of officers and men is an important prerequisite for scientifically setting the content of psychological education. Only when the subjective needs, desires and interests of the educated are met can the educated agree and accept them. It is necessary to focus the content of psychological education on the life practice and objective environment of officers and men, accurately grasp the different needs of different objects or the same object in different environments and conditions, select the hot spots, difficulties, doubts, key points and blind spots that can arouse the attention and thinking of educational objects, and promote the idea of internalizing educational content into objects. In the investigation and study, we should pay attention to the combination of all aspects, the profound changes in social life, the family environment, living environment, unit environment and personal quality, from the big to the small, from the shallow to the deep, from the outside to the inside. The second is to set the content around the characteristics of the task. In the content setting of psychological education, we should set the content according to the characteristics of the task, and enhance the belief that officers and men will win the border defense task. For different units, do a good job of testing and investigation in different environments. Seriously analyze and study, master the psychological characteristics and changing rules of officers and men, and set the content of psychological education with the goal of cultivating soldiers' stress ability, psychological endurance and overcoming fear. The third is to distinguish the content of officers and men. Grass-roots officers and men are bound to have various differences in their cognitive level and acceptance because of their different regions, family environment, experiences, motivation for enlistment, educational level, economic situation and social interaction. Therefore, the content of psychological education should be formulated according to the different individual conditions of officers and men, such as life experience and knowledge level. When setting the content of psychological education, we should distinguish between levels and objects, so as to make the content moderate, reasonable, objective and true. In educational practice, different educational requirements should be put forward according to different educational objects such as grassroots leaders, cadres, non-commissioned officers and conscripts. According to the different educational objects, the educational content is also different; According to different educational objects, the main problems to be solved in education are emphasized. (2) To strengthen the guiding role of functional departments, there must be a professional psychological education team. The first is to set up a discussion group on psychological education. At the detachment level, a psychological education discussion group with psychological professionals, political cadres and health cadres as the main members was established. On the one hand, we can strengthen the research of psychological education, improve the educational content and explore scientific educational methods. On the other hand, we can further explore the problems existing in psychological education and further improve the effectiveness of psychological education at the grassroots level. The second is to do a good job in inspection and guidance. After the higher authorities distribute the contents of psychological education to the grass-roots units, they should track the effect of psychological education, diagnose the difficult problems encountered in education, and find scientific solutions and ways in time. In addition, it is necessary to provide timely training and guidance to grassroots psychological educators, constantly improve their educational guidance ability, build a professional psychological education team, strengthen psychological education guidance, and better serve the army and the grassroots. Third, broaden the infiltration channels of psychological education, open up effective ways of psychological education, strengthen psychological education activities in many ways, and broaden educational channels. The content of education should be combined with other education and organically. Educational methods should be flexible and diverse, not limited to one or two forms. We should be good at using modern educational means, make full use of high-tech means such as Internet and multimedia to carry out psychological education, and improve the actual effect of psychological education. (1) Broaden the Infiltration Channels of Psychological Education As an extension and development of ideological and political education, psychological education should permeate all aspects of army building and be implemented in combination with reality. Therefore, we should pay attention to the combination, do a good job of infiltration, and effectively enhance the scientific and effective psychological education. One is the combination with ideological and political education. The purpose of ideological and political education is to answer and solve the ideological problems of officers and men, and ideological problems are often inextricably linked with psychological problems. The integration of psychological education into ideological and political education, overall planning and organic combination can not only solve the practical ideological problems of officers and men, but also solve the psychological problems of officers and men. The second is to combine with the law enforcement work on duty. The special mission of public security frontier troops requires frontier officers and soldiers to have a healthier psychological state. Only by combining psychological education with law enforcement on duty can we better help officers and men cultivate good psychological qualities of being calm, fearless and unyielding in times of crisis. It is necessary to combine the task of law enforcement on duty, simulate the realistic environment of law enforcement on duty, let officers and men be in it, and exercise their psychological adaptability and self-adjustment ability; It is necessary to improve the psychological stress ability and innovation ability of officers and men to deal with complex accidents by practicing various situations in emergencies; It is necessary to carry out appropriate "losing training" such as combat setbacks and cultivate the psychological endurance and frustration endurance of officers and men. (2) Psychological consultation in the army can be conducted by means of conversation consultation, telephone consultation, outpatient consultation and on-site interview. Consulting technicians should lead by example, influence each other with a positive and understanding attitude, and use their psychological knowledge and work experience to solve problems for consultants and correct their unhealthy psychology. The first is developmental psychological counseling. The function of psychological consultation is to promote the healthy development of people's psychology, help grass-roots officers and soldiers to develop their psychological functions, develop their potential and improve their psychological quality. Therefore, in the process of psychological counseling, we should focus on developing the physical and mental health of officers and men, actively guide the healthy and upward mentality of grassroots officers and men, and strive to improve the psychological endurance of officers and men. The second is corrective psychological counseling. Dredge the bad mentality of the clients, so as to relieve their emotional stress; Encourage clients to pour out their inner pain and provide targeted guidance; Explore the root causes of the problems of the clients, so that they can understand and rest assured; Assist the client to improve the unreasonable cognitive model and establish a dialectical and scientific way of thinking; With the help of guidance and training, the client can develop healthy behavior habits, help the client eliminate psychological barriers and promote mental health development. Third, the consulting means should break through the single consulting mode. Combine psychological counseling, psychological testing and other means organically. Psychological counseling should be guided by psychological test, and the psychological characteristics, intelligence level, types and degrees of psychological problems of consultants should be more accurately grasped, and the test results are more accurate than the dictation of consultants. Fourth, the form of consultation should be expanded from individual consultation to combination with group consultation. Individual counseling can only solve individual psychological problems in a targeted manner. However, often in the environment of solitude and group, the individual's psychological state will be different. Therefore, individual psychological problems cannot be solved in groups, and the psychological problems of groups cannot be simply consulted by individuals. (3) Open regional network education In recent years, our troops have invested a lot of money in grass-roots units and established public security networks and regional networks in grass-roots units. We should make full use of these resources, establish the education quality concept of invigorating learning through science and technology, and strive to realize the interconnection of vertical and horizontal networks and the sharing of information resources as soon as possible. The Internet has brought the greatest benefits to psychological education: First, the concealment of online education helps to eliminate the psychological worries of officers and men. The biggest advantage of online education is that you can speak freely, communicate openly, and pour out your inner anguish, so as to achieve the conscious purpose of unconscious education. The second is to expand the information of psychological education. The most remarkable feature and advantage of network information is information sharing. Realizing information networking means that the army has a network library together. Through it, we can quickly browse and select information as needed, thus greatly improving our work efficiency. Third, it has accelerated the dissemination of educational information. Many of our troops are stationed in snow-capped mountains, Gobi and border defense, and the deployment is scattered and the traffic is inconvenient. Due to the harsh environment, they are under great psychological pressure, blocked by information and almost completely isolated from the outside world, which is easy to produce psychological barriers. Once we form a psychological education network, officers and men can receive psychological education online. It is helpful to enliven psychological education. The information provided by the Internet is illustrated with pictures and rich sounds. It is no exaggeration to say that it is really thoughtful, informative and interesting. Let education really "live" in both form and content. This can not only improve the attraction and appeal of education, but also help to improve the overall quality of officers and men.

What do children's mental health education mainly include? Hello, Shangming Education answers for you!

1, environmental adaptation education

Rich material environment can stimulate children's desire for activities, enlighten their wisdom and delight their body and mind. Beautifying the educational decoration environment is not only education, but also beauty. Independent and open game environment and rich game materials can relieve children's pressure and meet their psychological wishes and needs.

2. Interpersonal education

Teachers should make full use of the unique peer groups in kindergartens to create a collective life atmosphere of mutual acceptance, trust and respect for children, which is conducive to the formation of children's psychological quality. Over time, they experience happiness in games with their peers, correct their children's bad behaviors and solve conflicts between them. Teachers should also be good at discovering the advantages of young children, affirming their good behavior, caring for people around them, encouraging their progress and efforts, tolerating children's unintentional mistakes, and being amiable when communicating with children.

3. Education for learning difficulties

When a child is unhappy because something is not done well, give comfort and encouragement, and don't show disappointment. As long as children work hard, no matter what the result is, they should be encouraged, given some support and guidance, and avoid judging children only according to the results. Teachers should not compare children's looks and physical characteristics, hurting children's self-esteem.

4. Emotional education

Let children experience love, feel affection and share happiness. Educate children to correctly understand their emotions and learn to vent and control their emotions reasonably. Teachers should understand children and allow them to vent. Learn to express your feelings in words and express your emotions in appropriate ways. Reduce the frustration when you can't reach the ideal state. When failures and setbacks occur, help children treat them correctly, increase their experience, accept lessons, enrich their experience and receive positive information from them. It is necessary to cultivate children's compassion and care for others.

What does school mental health education include? There are no widely used textbooks. It seems that the School of Psychological Research of Southwest University has recently published a set of textbooks. I don't know how to do it. Wu Zeng, a senior high school student's psychological counseling guide, personally feels good. You can find out. There is no problem in studying in class. Hehe ~ ~ ~ I don't know the specific content for a while at this time. Take some time by yourself.

Starting from the goal of mental health education for primary school students, the content of mental health education for primary school students is determined according to the characteristics of primary school students of different ages and the needs of psychological development. The contents of mental health education for primary school students mainly include the following aspects:

(1) Self-cognitive counseling for primary school students (2) Cultivation of primary school students' cognitive ability (3) Training of primary school students' emotion and will (4) Improvement of primary school students' learning psychology (5) Counseling of primary school students' interpersonal relationship.

1, learning psychological counseling.

Learning psychological counseling refers to the process that educators teach students how to learn in a purposeful, planned and step-by-step manner according to modern learning theory and aiming at the factors that affect students' learning. Its contents include the guidance of learning methods; Learning motivation guidance; Learning interest guidance; Study habit guidance; And psychological guidance for exams.

2. Intelligence training.

Cleverness is also called wisdom. It is generally believed that intelligence refers to the intelligence level of an individual. Developing students' intelligence is an extremely important core task of school intelligence education, which is determined by the characteristics of intelligence itself and its important position in modern social production and life. Intelligence is not only a necessary condition to complete learning activities, but also a fundamental guarantee to complete practical activities in all other fields. We believe that the content of students' intelligence training should include the following five aspects.

First of all, I learned that intellectual development is a dynamic process.

Second, let students correctly understand the relationship between IQ and academic performance.

Third, let students correctly understand the intellectual differences between men and women.

Fourth, let students know their learning potential.

Fifth, let students participate in intellectual training purposefully.

3. Emotional education.

Emotional education is a concept corresponding to cognitive education, which is the power to guide and educate emotion as one of the important areas of human development.

4. Personality education.

Personality is the psychological characteristics of people's stable attitude and behavior towards objective reality. Personality is the core feature of personality psychology, which plays a leading role in other characteristics and tendencies of personality psychology and determines the direction of personal activities.

5. Training with strong ability to resist setbacks.

The so-called frustration tolerance, also known as frustration tolerance, frustration tolerance, frustration tolerance and so on. , refers to the degree to which individuals can tolerate and accept setbacks.

6, interpersonal relationship guidance

Interpersonal relationship is a psychological relationship between people, reflecting the psychological state of individuals or groups seeking to meet their social needs, which is manifested in the degree of psychological contact in the process of mutual communication, such as depth, intimacy, harmony and coordination.

7. Sexual mental health education.

Sexual mental health education aims at maintaining and promoting sexual health.

8. Self-cognitive development guidance.

Self-awareness is an individual's understanding of himself and the relationship with the objective world around him.

What are the main contents of mental health education in primary schools? Starting from the goal of mental health education for primary school students, the content of mental health education for primary school students is determined according to the characteristics of primary school students of different ages and the needs of psychological development. The contents of primary school students' mental health education mainly include the following aspects: (1) the guidance of primary school students' self-awareness; (2) the cultivation of pupils' cognitive ability; (3) the cultivation of pupils' emotion and will; (4) Improvement of pupils' learning psychology; (5) the guidance of primary school students' interpersonal relationship.

Strengthening students' mental health education is one of the basic tasks and responsibilities of school teachers.

The newly revised Outline of Mental Health Education for Primary and Secondary Schools further refines the content of mental health education. According to the outline, the main contents of mental health education include: popularizing mental health knowledge, establishing mental health awareness, understanding psychological adjustment methods, understanding psychological abnormalities and mastering mental health knowledge and skills. Its focus is self-awareness, learning to learn, interpersonal communication, Emotional adjustment, entering a higher school and choosing a job, and adapting to life and society.

Mental health education should proceed from the reality of different regions and the characteristics of students' physical and mental development at different ages, and set specific educational contents step by step.

The lower grades of primary schools mainly include:

1. Help students understand the class, school, daily study and living environment and basic laws;

2. Feel the pleasure of learning knowledge initially, focusing on the cultivation and training of study habits;

3. Cultivate students' polite and friendly communication quality, be willing to communicate with teachers and classmates, and feel friendship in modest and friendly communication;

4. Make students have a sense of security and belonging, and learn self-control initially;

5. Help students adapt to the new environment, new groups and new study life, and establish a sense of discipline, time and rules.

Primary and secondary school grades mainly include:

1. Help students know themselves and know themselves;

2. Initially cultivate students' learning ability, stimulate learning interest and inquiry spirit, establish self-confidence and be willing to learn;

3. Establish a collective consciousness, be good at communicating with classmates and teachers, cultivate the ability to participate in various activities independently, and have a cheerful, gregarious and independent healthy personality;

4. Guide students to feel the joy of solving difficulties in their study and life, and learn to experience and express emotions;

5. Help students to establish a correct sense of role and cultivate their adaptability to different social roles;

6. Enhance the awareness of time management and help students correctly handle the contradiction between study and interest and entertainment.

The upper grades of primary schools mainly include:

1. Help students correctly understand their own advantages and disadvantages and hobbies, and accept themselves in various activities;

2. Pay attention to cultivating students' learning interest and learning ability, correct learning motivation, adjust learning mentality, treat grades correctly and experience the fun of learning success;

3. Carry out the initial education of adolescence, guide students to moderate differences, establish and maintain good heterosexual peer relations, and expand the scope of interpersonal communication;

4. Help students overcome learning difficulties, correctly face negative emotions such as weariness, and learn to experience and express emotions appropriately and correctly;

5. Actively promote students' prosocial behavior and gradually understand their relationship with society, the country and the world;

6. Cultivate students' ability to analyze and solve problems, and prepare for the study and life in junior high school.