Implementing the curriculum standard of physical education and health is a systematic project, which involves school physical education, school education, social family and other aspects. It is necessary to create a good educational environment and conditions for implementing the curriculum standard. Create a good social and family atmosphere and conditions; To lay the human, financial and material guarantee conditions for the implementation of curriculum standards.
But among many implementation factors and conditions, there is a crucial decisive factor-physical education teachers.
Whether physical education teachers can take an active part in curriculum reform; Whether we can correctly understand and interpret the curriculum standards of physical education and health; Whether the curriculum standards can be creatively implemented according to the spirit and requirements of the curriculum standards. It is the primary factor that determines the implementation of physical education and health curriculum standards and the effectiveness of curriculum reform.
According to the requirements of the compulsory education curriculum plan, if you attend 16 weeks of physical education and health classes every semester, primary school students should attend 640 classes in physical education class, 288 classes in junior high school physical education class and 928 classes in compulsory education physical education class.
How to teach students' physical education class of "928" is an important problem worthy of our PE workers and PE teachers to think, answer and solve.
Based on this, the author discusses and analyzes some problems in the theory and implementation of "Physical Education and Health Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education" (20 1 1 Edition), seeking advice from theoretical colleagues in the field of school physical education and the majority of front-line physical education teachers.
It is expected to be beneficial to correctly understand and implement the curriculum standards.
First, how to understand physical education and health class and school physical education
About physical education and health class and school physical education seems to be a self-evident problem, which does not need to be discussed and the facts are not established.
In the actual work of school physical education, the dislocation and absence of the two often appear.
For example, misplacing physical education and health classes into general physical exercise and sports activities; However, the knowledge, skills and methods of physical education and health that physical education class should complete are obviously lacking.
Therefore, it is necessary to further deepen the understanding of school physical education and physical education and health classes.
Only by correctly understanding and grasping their relationship can we correctly handle their relationship.
Only by correctly handling the relationship between them can they complement each other better.
The purpose of school physical education is essentially realized through all educational activities of school education, and the main way is school physical education.
What is school physical education?
"School physical education refers to an educational activity that exerts influence on the educated purposefully, planned and organized by means of physical exercise and health care in an environment dominated by school education to promote their healthy physical and mental development.
(Yu Editor: Handbook of School Physical Education (Part I) Tianjin, Tianjin People's Publishing House 1998, P355) This statement shows that school physical education refers to the sum of all kinds of sports, health care and other activities carried out with schools as the main body.
In school physical education, different links and components have unique status and functions, and they are interrelated and contribute to the realization of school physical education goals and educational goals.
(2) What are the components of school physical education?
According to the classification of school sports in the School Sports Regulations, school sports include: physical education class teaching, extracurricular sports activities, extracurricular sports training and extracurricular sports competitions.
Professor Mao Zhenming of Beijing Normal University proposed that modern school physical education includes two aspects: one is physical education as a discipline, namely physical education class.
The other is physical education in campus life.
School physical education divides school physical education into physical education (extracurricular sports activities, extracurricular sports training and extracurricular sports competitions for all students), health education (nutrition, hygiene and health care) and family sports (sports in sports families in educational activities) (school physical education, edited by Pan et al., Higher Education Press, 2008 edition).
Regardless of the classification, physical education class and health class are only part of school physical education, not the same thing.
(3) What is the physical education and health curriculum?
"physical education class is a course to strengthen students' physique, impart sports knowledge and skills, and lay the foundation for students' lifelong sports. It cooperates with moral education courses, intellectual education courses and aesthetic education courses to achieve the goal of promoting students' all-round physical and mental development, which is an aspect of the all-round development of education in schools.
(School Physical Education, edited by Pan, Higher Education Press, 2008)
In the Curriculum Standard of Physical Education and Health for Compulsory Education (20 1 1 Edition), the original primary school physical education curriculum and junior middle school physical education and health curriculum are unified into "Physical Education and Health Curriculum".
The change in the name of this course indicates the change in the orientation of physical education courses, which is the organic combination and integration of physical education class and health education courses.
It shows that many countries in the world attach importance to health education and the trend of combining sports with health.
Based on this, the Curriculum Standard of Physical Education and Health for Compulsory Education (20 1 1 version) clearly points out: "Physical education and health curriculum is a curriculum with physical exercise as the main means, learning physical education and health knowledge, skills and methods as the main content, and improving students' health and cultivating students' lifelong sports awareness and ability as the main goal.
"The above shows that physical education and health curriculum is only an important part of school physical education, and it should play its unique role in the overall structure of school physical education.
(4) What is the relationship between physical education and health class and school physical education?
Physical education and health class is an important part and central link of school physical education.
Physical education and health class is an organized, planned and systematic teaching and learning process for all students under the guidance of school physical education teachers.
In this sense, physical education and health class is the foundation of the whole school's physical education activities-the basis for students to learn and master the knowledge, skills and methods of physical education and health, improve their attitude towards physical education and health, and stimulate and cultivate their sports emotions.
Various extracurricular sports activities are to further consolidate, broaden and deepen the knowledge, skills and methods of sports and health learned, formed and mastered in sports and health classes, and apply them to the practice of exercise and entertainment, so as to achieve the purpose of school sports.
In other words, physical education and health class is the basic link to lay the knowledge, ability and attitude of students to participate in physical education for the whole school.
We must carry out teaching and learning activities closely around the center of teaching, guidance, guidance, stimulation and education, and take this as the standard to evaluate the level and quality of physical education and health courses.
All kinds of extracurricular sports activities are based on this practice, expansion, application, exercise and so on.
Physical education, health class and extracurricular physical education should have their own correct orientation, give full play to their maximum effectiveness, closely contact and cooperate with each other, so that they can truly be in their proper places and complement each other.
Otherwise, it is likely that the responsibilities are unclear and the boundaries are unclear, and the physical education and health course will be turned into an exercise and a standard course, which will lead to a weak physical education foundation and poor results in the whole school.
Second, why is the physical education and health curriculum a value-oriented and goal-seeking activity?
As an integral part of education, physical education is an "artificial" and "human" activity.
To correctly implement physical education, we must first understand what education is.
"The so-called education is that people try to constantly improve the psychological quality structure of others in any aspect, or keep valuable parts of their own psychological quality structure, or avoid the formation of bad psychological quality.
""Only when the actors regard educational action as a means for the educated to achieve their educational goals will educational action take place.
Without an end, there is no education, and all education is a means to an end.
In the real world, education can only be regarded as a part of the relationship between ends and means.
Therefore, the relationship between purpose and means is a fruitful perspective for classifying educational objects.
(Brechinka, Germany, The Purpose, Means and Success of Education: An Introduction to Educational Science System, translated by Peng, published by East China Normal University Press, P 18, P 15) Pestalozzi, a famous Swiss educator, said: "The future of a nation depends on the classroom.
"The key to teaching is the curriculum.
As an integral part of the whole compulsory education curriculum, before the establishment and opening of the physical education and health curriculum, we always ask why the physical education and health curriculum should be opened. How to offer physical education and health courses? And so on, and constantly ask questions, conduct comprehensive and in-depth thinking, and form a clear and clear judgment on this basis.
(1) All educational activities in the course of physical education and health are carried out directly or indirectly in order to pursue certain educational values and achieve certain sports goals; The determination of sports goals is to answer and solve the needs of China's specific social and historical period and students' personal development and social development.
Only when there is a correct value pursuit and a clear goal before compiling and implementing the physical education and health curriculum can the physical education and health curriculum be conscious, meaningful and valuable.
(2) Defining the goal of physical education and health course not only determines what we use to go to physical education class, but also determines how we go to physical education class.
Only under the guidance of constructing the value and clear objectives of physical education and health curriculum can we choose and create suitable contents, activities and methods of physical education and health, create a certain educational situation for realizing the learning objectives, and evaluate the physical education and health curriculum accordingly.
3. Under what background was the Physical Education and Health Curriculum Standard formulated?
In the process of formulating the curriculum standards of physical education and health, the social needs of physical education and health curriculum are fully concerned and studied.
The rapid changes of modern production and modern lifestyle have brought new challenges to human physical and mental health-mainly manifested in the increasing working methods and indoor working methods, the increasing urbanized population and the sharp reduction of people's living space, as well as the continuous improvement of social productivity and people's living standards. While people get comfortable and delicious food and get something for nothing, people's physical and mental health is facing an unprecedented crisis and threat in history: hypertension, hypertension.
These diseases are mainly caused by people's improper lifestyle, that is, people often say "eating diseases, drinking diseases and being lazy".
Therefore, changing people's lifestyle and establishing a healthy and reasonable lifestyle, including scientific and reasonable sports, has become a "national strategic event" to safeguard the health and vitality of the whole nation, society and country.
Strengthening physical education and health education for children and adolescents has become a major event related to the nation and the country.
In the past 20 years, the results of my adolescent physical health test show that the physical health of Chinese adolescents is really worrying. For this reason, in 2007, the Central the State Council formulated "Opinions on Further Strengthening Youth Physical Education to Enhance Youth Physical Fitness", which mobilized and called on the Party at all levels and * * * to attach great importance to the physical health of young people, which is the best witness.
At the same time, the teaching of school physical education and physical education courses in recent years is reviewed and reflected.
While fully affirming our achievements, we are also soberly aware that there are some problems in the teaching practice of our school and physical education and health courses, which cannot meet the requirements of modern society and the characteristics of students' physical and mental development-we have trained some "sports graduates" or "functional sports blindness" and "functional health blindness" who don't like sports, don't know sports, are unhealthy, don't know health and don't engage in sports.
Therefore, it is necessary to establish the basic standards and requirements of students in sports health literacy and physical health.
In other words, as an important embodiment of the national will, it is mainly to standardize the standards that the educated meet the needs of society, not just specific means and processes.
Therefore, the curriculum standards of physical education and health are coming to the fore.
The term "curriculum standard" came into use in China in the early 20th century 19 12. After the founding of New China, after studying the education system of the former Soviet Union, the curriculum standard was replaced by the syllabus.
200 1 a word repeatedly used in the formulation of new curriculum standards.
It is of great significance to correctly understand the connotation of curriculum standards and physical education and health curriculum standards for correctly understanding the structural content of physical education and health curriculum standards.
The Curriculum Standard stipulates the training objectives, standards and basic contents of various courses of schools at all levels.
(Ci Hai, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 2009 edition, P 1248) put forward at the meeting of education ministers of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation member countries (regions): "Curriculum standards are a very clear expression of the knowledge, skills and attitudes that we hope students should master during their studies at school.
"("For the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the development of every student, interpret the outline of basic education curriculum reform (Trial) ",East China Normal University Press, 200 1 edition, P 172)
According to the definition of curriculum standard, we can understand the curriculum standard of physical education and health in this way: the curriculum standard of physical education and health in compulsory education stage is an outline of what students should know, understand and do in physical education and health during the education process from grade one to junior high school graduation.
In short, the curriculum standard of physical education and health is the outline of students' learning achievements.
Physical education and health curriculum standards are the basic requirements for all students.
What does the curriculum standard know about the learning results of physical education and health courses? What would you do? Change what? It clearly points out that all students who participate in physical education and health courses, regardless of gender, health and infirmity.
Therefore, the Curriculum Standard of Physical Education and Health requires providing students with fair, equal and reasonable physical education opportunities.
Some students with good talent and great potential in physical education can completely go beyond the level stipulated in the curriculum standards and work hard for a higher level or even a higher level.
Through this series of standards, it fully embodies the basic requirements of the state for students who have received physical education and health courses in nine-year compulsory education.
Fourth, why should we organize scholars to formulate curriculum standards for physical education and health?
(1) With the rapid changes of society, people's production and lifestyle are undergoing earth-shaking changes. What kind of goals should be set for schools and physical education teachers? It is very difficult for students to learn the most basic knowledge, skills and methods of physical education and health, and it is necessary to organize scholars to conduct in-depth research and construction.
(2) In the teaching practice in physical education class, it is easy for PE teachers to teach students the skills and tactics of several sports "by the book", but they can't clearly understand what it means for 99% students who don't take sports as their profession or specialty in the future.
Need to have clear guidance and guidance.
(3) It is a very complicated and difficult process to compile a good physical education and health course, which requires the writer to have a thorough understanding and grasp of society, students and disciplines; Have a clear pursuit of value; Have a clear goal; There are contents and activities carefully designed and selected to achieve the goal.
Therefore, it is necessary to organize national scholars to form a research group and formulate the curriculum standards of physical education and health, so as to ensure that students can learn and master the knowledge, skills and methods of physical education and health through physical education and health courses in this rapidly changing social background.
(4) The curriculum standard clearly puts forward the basic requirements and implementation suggestions that students at all levels should achieve through physical education and health courses, and points out the direction and focus of physical education and health courses for all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions to formulate curriculum implementation plans and implementation opinions.
Ensure that China, a country with a vast territory, many nationalities and great differences, can meet the basic requirements.
(5) Curriculum standards provide background and relevant information for physical education teachers in compulsory education-guiding students to learn and master the basic knowledge, skills and methods of physical education and health.
It provides theoretical support for physical education teachers to further deepen their understanding of the rapidly developing society and students' reality and improve the consciousness of school physical education, physical education and health courses and teaching.
5. What role does the curriculum standard of physical education and health play in the curriculum?
The guiding document of China's physical education teaching process after the founding of the People's Republic of China is the Physical Education Teaching Outline.
Physical education syllabus is a guiding document, which stipulates the purpose and task of physical education teaching, the principle, scope and system of textbook selection, the distribution of teaching hours of each textbook, the items and standards of physical education class's performance evaluation and the basic requirements for implementation (School Physical Education Dictionary, Wuhan University of Technology Press, 1994 version P480).
Physical education syllabus is actually the content syllabus of physical education.
The curriculum standard of physical education and health mainly answers and solves the following problems: on the one hand, the curriculum standard should stipulate and stipulate the knowledge points and skills of physical education and health that students should learn; On the other hand, it also clarifies the scope and degree of students' learning these knowledge points and skills, as well as their changes in physical fitness, skills, emotional attitudes and so on.
"The main problem of educational science is not educational action, but the situation in which educational action takes place-why educational situation takes place, that is, the purpose of educators; Objective or realistic conditions for achieving the purpose; Educational action as a means of subjective purpose; The objective or actual influence of educational behavior.
Only by knowing what the educator wants the educated to achieve can we understand the main significance of realistic education and imaginative education.
(Brechinka, Germany, "Educational Purpose, Educational Means and Educational Success: An Introduction to Educational Science System", translated by Peng, East China Normal University Press P 19)
Physical education and health curriculum standards play the role of "guider" and "compass" in the implementation of physical education and health curriculum, and point out the goal and correct direction for the compilation and implementation of physical education and health curriculum.
Physical education and health curriculum standards in the implementation of physical education and health curriculum, the second role is to play the role of "architectural blueprint", providing architectural guidance for physical education teachers to build a house and how to build such a house.
Physical education and health curriculum standards play the role of the third ruler in the implementation of physical education and health curriculum, which provides a measure for schools and physical education teachers to organize physical education teaching activities and evaluate teaching quality and effect.
Six, physical education and health curriculum standards "do something" and "don't do something"
"Doing something" in Physical Education and Health Curriculum Standards —— Defining the nature, basic ideas and design ideas of physical education and health curriculum; Make clear the goal of physical education and health course in compulsory education stage; Clearly divided the aspects of physical education and health course learning; Clearly determine the learning objectives of each learning aspect; It clearly defines the criteria for selecting and compiling teaching content, so as to reach all levels.
The curriculum standard of physical education and health is "wrong"-according to the substitutability of physical education learning, the curriculum standard of physical education and health does not stipulate the unified teaching content of sports skills and physical development in China; The proportion of teaching hours is not specified; There are no specific teaching steps and methods; There is no uniform content and standard for learning evaluation in physical education class.
Such "doing something" and "not doing something" point out the correct direction for the implementation of physical education and health curriculum, clarify the requirements of physical education and health literacy that students should have after studying physical education and health curriculum in nine-year compulsory education, and provide sufficient space for the school-based implementation of national curriculum-the school-based implementation of specific goals and requirements, and the school-based development of physical education and health curriculum in various places and schools; It not only clearly stipulates the standards for students at different levels to choose the scope and degree of teaching content, but also provides the possibility for schools and physical education teachers to creatively compile the content of physical education and health courses, fully develop and utilize the resources of physical education and health courses, and creatively implement physical education and health courses. It not only provides requirements and ideas for students' PE learning evaluation, but also provides sufficient space for schools and PE teachers to formulate specific PE learning evaluation standards and implement PE learning evaluation.
This kind of "doing something" and "not doing something" well reflects the organic combination of the state's binding and binding force on physical education and health courses and the flexibility and diversity of school implementation.
It has laid a solid foundation for organization, management and evaluation in order to truly realize the school goals proposed by the Physical Education and Health Curriculum Standards.